Luisa Fernanda Bernat, German Lambardi and Paola Palacios
The main objective of this paper is to identify the factors associated with a successful transition through the entrepreneurial ladder for both men and women in a sample of nine…
Abstract
Purpose
The main objective of this paper is to identify the factors associated with a successful transition through the entrepreneurial ladder for both men and women in a sample of nine Latin American countries.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors classify individuals according to five categories of increasing entrepreneurial engagement and estimate separate generalized ordered logit models to account for possible gender differences. Compared to previous literature, this is a more efficient methodology that allows us to identify the factors that have a significant and persistent relationship across stages and those that are only significant to specific engagement levels.
Findings
The authors find that factors such as parent business ownership, access to loans and autonomy increase the probability of progressing in the entrepreneurial ladder for both men and women and through all the stages. The authors also find that span of activity and the proxy for income increase the likelihood of moving to the next stages only for men, while higher education and autonomy do so only for women.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to identify the factors promoting progress through the different stages of the entrepreneurial ladder in Latin America. Separate regressions for women and men provide insight into the differential role of each variable by gender. Results from this study suggest that the gender dimension, currently absent in most policies, should be incorporated or strengthened in the design of entrepreneurship promotion programs in Latin America.
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Keywords
Sustainability of the origin-based production and promotion system of a geographical indication (GI) depends on the remuneration from the market and the local resources…
Abstract
Purpose
Sustainability of the origin-based production and promotion system of a geographical indication (GI) depends on the remuneration from the market and the local resources reproduction. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the sustainability and the development of olive growing and extra-virgin olive oil production in the Emilia Provinces (northern Italy) using the origin-based quality virtuous circle as a conceptual framework.
Design/methodology/approach
In total, 11 personal interviews and one focus group with six olive producers were conducted to assess the product potential and the willingness to set up rules for value creation and preservation of local resources. A survey of 100 extra-virgin olive oil consumers was performed to examine the product perception and consumers’ willingness to pay.
Findings
The origin-based quality virtuous circle was used as a conceptual framework to deal with the different aspects involved in the development and sustainability of the GI system. The results show that the value creation and preservation process of extra-virgin olive oil production in the Emilia Provinces has good potential, although many problems still exist, such as a lack of technical and agronomic expertise, and the lack of organisation among the producers. These weaknesses should be addressed to enhance the potential for sustainable development of the GI system.
Practical implications
The creation of a GI organisation, such as a Consortium, may play a central role in coordinating collective action, such as providing technical assistance, managing the internal rules and controls system along the supply chain, and the marketing and communication strategies.
Social implications
The future development of olive production, by reducing the risk of land abandonment, would contribute to landscape protection and improvement of the geological structure of the Emilia hilly areas, which are under serious threat of soil erosion and landslide events.
Originality/value
This study represents the first attempt to evaluate the economic and development potential of olive growing and extra-virgin olive oil production in non-specialised areas, using the origin-based quality virtuous circle as a conceptual framework.
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The purpose of this paper is to examine the time-series dynamics of entrepreneurship rates for different race classifications based on household characteristics over the 1996…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the time-series dynamics of entrepreneurship rates for different race classifications based on household characteristics over the 1996 through 2013 period.
Design/methodology/approach
Using microdata from the Kauffman Foundation, this study investigates the roles of unemployment, homeownership, income, immigration, education, age, gender and marital status in relation to entrepreneurship rates for different race classifications through ridge regression analysis.
Findings
Results suggest that the time-series variation in entrepreneurship rates for different race classifications are variable-dependent, moreover, the economic and statistical significance of the candidate explanatory variables are sensitive to the time period under analysis. Unemployment, homeownership, education, age and marital status are significant variables for whites while unemployment, income, immigration and gender variables are significant for blacks. For the case of Native Americans and Asians, the candidate explanatory variables do not explain the time-series variation in entrepreneurship rates for the sample periods in this study.
Social implications
This study exhibits implications for public policy in helping to promote entrepreneurship at the individual level and help stimulate entrepreneurial activity as a mechanism for promoting economic growth.
Originality/value
The findings suggest the importance of examining entrepreneurship rates across time based on race classifications. This study highlights the importance of conducting ridge regression analysis for different sub-periods in time when assessing entrepreneurship rates.