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Article
Publication date: 1 July 1981

George Weddell

The widening gap between the number of people seeking paid employment and the number of jobs for which open‐market wages are available has been a growing worry in all the EEC…

83

Abstract

The widening gap between the number of people seeking paid employment and the number of jobs for which open‐market wages are available has been a growing worry in all the EEC countries since the early 1970s. It is not as though there were not enough work to be done. One has but to look at the public squalor, the tackling of which would provide jobs for all, or the shortage of human resources in all the labour‐intensive areas of human need: the young, the old, the ill, the handicapped, the disadvantaged. But the cash nexus is missing, and governments properly worried about inflation hesitate to supply it. They still hope that the expected upturn in their economies will once again absorb all the unemployed.

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Education + Training, vol. 23 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0040-0912

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Article
Publication date: 1 September 1955

The Department of National Health and Welfare, Canada, has recently issued a most useful guide to manufacturers, advertisers and importers of food, drugs and cosmetics. The guide…

26

Abstract

The Department of National Health and Welfare, Canada, has recently issued a most useful guide to manufacturers, advertisers and importers of food, drugs and cosmetics. The guide has been produced by the Inspection Services of the Food and Drug Directorate. This Department is in the habit of giving advice and opinions to manufacturers who submit labels or advertisements for its consideration, and sometimes suggests modifications thought likely to be satisfactory. The Department has no power to give actual approval or to usurp the function of Courts of Law. In general, there is a great similarity between the requirements of the Dominion and those of Great Britain in the matter of labels and advertisements. But Canada—very wisely, as we think—has not followed the bad example set in the mother country by the Ministry of Food a few years ago when—in defiance of the opinions of nearly all competent persons—the Ministry suddenly decided to emasculate its Food Standards and Labelling Division. The present position is that the admirably informative and helpful yellow book, published in 1949, is now out of date and that manufacturers for years have been unable to obtain the guidance and assistance which used to be available from the Ministry. There have been recent signs that the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food may be willing before long to issue some guidance to the British public which will protect them against imposture. As is shown by the sea‐salmon prosecution reported at page 84, there is still plenty of scope for such protection. We have no doubt that as soon as the consolidated Food and Drugs Acts—that for Scotland as well as that for the remainder of the United Kingdom—and the Regulations to be made under them have become effective, a comprehensive guide, based on the yellow book of 1949, ought to be issued by the Ministry in the interests of traders and consumers. We are less sure that it will be.

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British Food Journal, vol. 57 no. 9
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0007-070X

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Article
Publication date: 1 October 1913

The first statutory meeting of the Pure Food and Health Society of Great Britain was held on October 16 at the registered offices of the Society, 20, Hanover Square, W. LORD…

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Abstract

The first statutory meeting of the Pure Food and Health Society of Great Britain was held on October 16 at the registered offices of the Society, 20, Hanover Square, W. LORD CAMOYS, Chairman of the Executive Committee, presided. In opening the meeting LORD CAMOYS said:—

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British Food Journal, vol. 15 no. 10
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0007-070X

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Article
Publication date: 1 June 1949

Legislation designed to promote and maintain high food standards and the hygienic handling and manufacture of food must recognise the existence of two problems. First, how to…

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Abstract

Legislation designed to promote and maintain high food standards and the hygienic handling and manufacture of food must recognise the existence of two problems. First, how to prevent deliberate adulteration, and, second, how to persuade the people concerned in its handling and manufacture that ignorance and carelessness, or a combination of both, can and do result in the contamination of the product, rendering it as dangerous for human consumption as any substance on the poisons register. In bygone days the adulteration of food proved a remunerative pastime. Millers and bakers were particularly unscrupulous, adding alum and other matter to their flour. Grocers, not to be outdone, mixed lime with sugar and starch with cocoa. A commission set up by the editor of the Lancet in 1851 revealed that tea had been treated with blacklead, indigo and mica, while every sample of milk was diluted with water and every loaf sophisticated with alum! Fortunately, measures taken to prevent this knavery and to protect the consumer in other ways, such as the Food and Drugs Adulteration Act of 1928 (now replaced by the Food and Drugs Act, 1938) have proved largely successful; but the problem of how to ensure clean and uncontaminated supplies of food still remains, and, in recent years, has engaged the attention of the experts to an ever increasing degree. Recent widespread cases of food poisoning in various forms, some of them fatal, have rightly caused general public concern, but the real danger seldom lay in the food itself. The evidence in these cases seems to indicate that in the first place the food was perfectly wholesome but that infection had been transmitted to it by human contact. In June, 1948, over ninety people suffered agonies from food poisoning attributed to eating cream buns at a party in Lambeth. It was found that the substance used for filling these buns had been infected by a person who had prepared them, a “carrier” of the germ which caused the poisoning. In another case, 171 people were taken ill after four separate wedding parties catered for by the same restaurant proprietor. Their illness was traced to one of the girls who prepared the trifle for each party. There have, of course, been a few cases in which the outbreak has been due to the activities of unscrupulous traders who have used ingredients unfit for human consumption in the manufacture of cooked meats, meat pies, etc. Nevertheless, in any attempt to eliminate the dangers of food poisoning, emphasis must be laid on personal hygiene and the cleanliness of the premises and utensils rather than on the condition of the food itself.

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British Food Journal, vol. 51 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0007-070X

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Article
Publication date: 1 November 1901

In a recent speech LORD ROSEBERY charged the people of this country with possessing, to an inordinate extent, the fatal gift of complacency, and he observed that the nation which…

42

Abstract

In a recent speech LORD ROSEBERY charged the people of this country with possessing, to an inordinate extent, the fatal gift of complacency, and he observed that the nation which is not progressive is retrogressive. “Rest and be thankful,” said LORD ROSEBERY, is a motto which spells decay, and those who have any experience of the methods of the manufacturers of the country will admit that this seemingly severe impeachment is by no means unfounded or uncalled‐for. Industries, of which at one time the English were masters, are now gradually falling into other hands. The workers of other lands are successfully competing with our own, and yet, in spite of this condition of our mercantile affairs, the spirit of complacency is rampant. The sons are content to continue in the footsteps of the fathers, oblivious of the fact that time and seasons do not stand still and that they may be overwhelmed by the advancing flood of competition. The trade conservatism which was in the past opposed to the introduction of the steam‐engine, the power‐loom, and other mechanical appliances, is still responsible for the extreme slowness with which English firms appreciate the necessity for such innovations in the conduct of their business as would place them in a position to hold their own in the markets of the world. In respect to the protection of pure food production Great Britain and the British manufacturers are still a long way behind. Although the Sale of Food and Drugs Act of 1875 was one of the first Acts passed in any country to prevent the sale of adulterated food and drink, its machinery is cumbrous, and the subsequent Amendment Acts have not added materially to its efficiency; with the result that the Adulteration Acts do not compare favourably with those of many other countries. The spirit of complacency in regard to food products has affected alike the producer and the distributor, and the result is that in many instances there is no adequate inducement to produce anything but a mediocre article—such an article, in fact, as only escapes condemnation because of the faulty construction of the machinery of the law.

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British Food Journal, vol. 3 no. 11
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0007-070X

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Article
Publication date: 1 April 1924

At a recent meeting of the Manchester section of the Society of Chemical Industry, Professor F. Gowland Hopkins, in an interesting paper entitled “Some Chemical Qualities of the…

30

Abstract

At a recent meeting of the Manchester section of the Society of Chemical Industry, Professor F. Gowland Hopkins, in an interesting paper entitled “Some Chemical Qualities of the Living Cell,” referred to the important part which vitamins play in foods, and to the dangers arising from the continual ingestion of chemical preservatives in foods. Professor Gowland Hopkins observed that the conception of a vitamin had certain encrustations about it which prevented everybody accepting what were really said to be very important scientific facts. He had not attempted to define a vitamin. In an adult community, under good economic conditions, the need for something other than a supply of energy did not seem to assert itself, because the vitamins were always present in all natural foods. Special circumstances were required to make their importance obvious, or they would have been discovered many years ago instead of in the past ten years or so. Being connected with the subject of diet they naturally attracted the attention of quacks, and therefore a good deal of nonsense had been written about them; while, on the other hand, it was equally true what was written about vitamins gave a great opportunity for trade stunts. Vitamins had not yet been isolated, so that their chemical composition was unknown. What he wished to urge was that the facts known about vitamins were important. You may feed an animal upon a diet consisting of the most excellent protein and really superior fat and best carbohydrate in the market, and supply it with the necessary salts in the right ratio. So long as those materials were pure and not mixed with traces of any other ingredients the dietary would be eaten, enjoyed, fully digested, thoroughly broken down in the body and its energy extracted, and yet any animal continuing to eat it would inevitably die. In order to convert that dietary into a perfect one for the maintenance of life materials must be added which acted in almost infinitesimal concentration within the cellular structure of the living organism. The only present definition of a vitamin of a definite constitution was that it was a substance of extreme nutritive importance which acted in infinitesimal concentration. In the case of Fat Soluble Vitamin A. 0·004 mgms added to a synthetic dietary made just the dilference between certain death and excellent life in the case of a rat weighing 100 grms. They must not despise the rat; it was, in all essentials, of the same physical constitution as human beings. In the case of a 70 kgm man 2½ mgs would be required to bridge the difference between health and death. Only under exceptional circumstances, such as a state of war, did the lack of vitamins intrude itself in respect of adults, but the feeding of infants must be placed in a different category.

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British Food Journal, vol. 26 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0007-070X

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Article
Publication date: 1 December 1920

The very high rate of infant mortality and the profound effects of malnutrition during infancy on the physique in after life are of such national importance that no excuse is…

19

Abstract

The very high rate of infant mortality and the profound effects of malnutrition during infancy on the physique in after life are of such national importance that no excuse is needed for referring to a subject which has been much to the fore of late, and has figured prominently in medical literature as well as in the columns of the daily press. The fact that about two‐thirds of the total infant mortality is due to diarrhœa is quite enough to show that the danger is not an imaginary one.

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British Food Journal, vol. 22 no. 12
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0007-070X

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Article
Publication date: 1 August 1955

A monthly feature giving news of recent Government and professional appointments, industrial developments and business changes, etc.. Changes in the organization of the Aircraft…

16

Abstract

A monthly feature giving news of recent Government and professional appointments, industrial developments and business changes, etc.. Changes in the organization of the Aircraft Division of the Bristol Aeroplane Company Ltd. took effect on July 1. Dr W. J. Strang is appointed Chief Designer (Fixed Wing Aircraft). He, with Mr R. Hafner (Chief Designer, Helicopters) and Mr D. J. Farrar (Chief Designer, Guided Weapons), will be responsible to Dr A. E. Russell, who relinquishes the title of Chief Designer and assumes that of Chief Engineer (Aircraft Division).

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Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 27 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0002-2667

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Article
Publication date: 1 June 1981

At the commencement of this decade, leaving behind the “striking seventies”, we christened it the “anxious eighties”, for there was a profound disquiet and uncertainty among most…

169

Abstract

At the commencement of this decade, leaving behind the “striking seventies”, we christened it the “anxious eighties”, for there was a profound disquiet and uncertainty among most of the population, a fear that things were going to get worse, but they could have hardly expected the catastrophic events of the year 1981. The criteria of quality of life are its richness, grace, elegance; by the promise it contains; inspiration and purpose, hope, determination (to survive, to make certain that the evildoer is not permitted to succeed), love of one's country — pro patria, of other days.

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British Food Journal, vol. 83 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0007-070X

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Book part
Publication date: 13 June 2017

David Hone

Abstract

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Putting the Genie Back
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78714-447-7

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