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Article
Publication date: 1 November 2014

LaGarrett J. King

Using the philosophical lenses of revisionist ontology and the politics of personhood, this paper explores the notion of Black Founders of the United States. I introduce the…

38

Abstract

Using the philosophical lenses of revisionist ontology and the politics of personhood, this paper explores the notion of Black Founders of the United States. I introduce the concept critical intellectual agency to argue that Black Founders brought unique contributions to the American experience. Their efforts were twofold. First, Black Founders established separate Black institutions that would become staples in Black communities after emancipation. Second, Black Founders challenged the supposed egalitarian beliefs of White Founders through media outlets. To illustrate, I focus on one Black Founder, Benjamin Banneker and his letter to Thomas Jefferson to illustrate how Black Founders philosophically responded and challenged White Founders prejudicial beliefs about Blackness. This paper seeks to challenge social studies teachers’ curricular and pedagogical approaches to Black Americans during the colonial period by providing a heuristics and language to explore the voices of Black Americans in U.S. history.

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Social Studies Research and Practice, vol. 9 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1933-5415

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Article
Publication date: 1 October 1980

James G Ollé, James Tank, George Jefferson, David Liddle, David Reid and Colin Steele

IF YOU should ever have a mind to experience the flavour of life in the British public library service during the early decades of this century, you could not do better than turn…

20

Abstract

IF YOU should ever have a mind to experience the flavour of life in the British public library service during the early decades of this century, you could not do better than turn to the contemporary files of the periodicals of librarianship. Apart from its beastlier aspects, to which only a George Orwell could have done justice, the library journals reflected pretty well the public library world as it used to be: impoverished and imperfect, but optimistic and resilient.

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New Library World, vol. 81 no. 10
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0307-4803

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Article
Publication date: 1 April 1984

George Jefferson

The history of interlending since 1945 is inseparable from changes taking place in the infrastructure of library and information services and from progressive innovation in…

35

Abstract

The history of interlending since 1945 is inseparable from changes taking place in the infrastructure of library and information services and from progressive innovation in communications technology. Three phases of development can be discerned. In the first interlending based on linking individual library services through the NCL/RB system and supplemented by co‐operative acquisition schemes is paralleled by the rise of a national centralized lending service to science and technology. Expansion of library services in the academic and public sectors in the second phase gives rise to co‐operative schemes including interlending to meet specific needs. The successful and progressive development of the NLLST influences traditional interlending modes and the period closes with a rationalization of the national library structure and of the public library system for the next phase of development. This takes place against growing economic restraints and is one of integration and extension of the centralized lending services of the British Library Lending Division and a reassessment of regional connections. The innovative force of computerization is taken up at regional level by LASER and nationally by the British Library Lending Division. Such developments are intrinsic to the considerations of the LISC report Working together. This will form the basis of an evolutionary approach to national co‐ordination and co‐operation in which interlending is fundamental to an access strategy of library and information services.

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Interlending & Document Supply, vol. 12 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0264-1615

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 1984

GEORGE JEFFERSON

In 1964 two events taxed the energies and imaginations of lecturers in schools of librarianship — the introduction by the Library Association of a new syllabus and the…

352

Abstract

In 1964 two events taxed the energies and imaginations of lecturers in schools of librarianship — the introduction by the Library Association of a new syllabus and the inauguration of the Council for National Academic Awards. One was the culmination of an examination system nurtured by an organisation which had shaped for so long their professional context as practitioners and as teachers. The other heralded a system, as promulgated by Robbins, which would provide the opportunity and stimulus for colleges “to pioneer and experiment on distinctive lines in accordance with their own traditions”. The transition from the custom and practice of one to the innovative possibilities of the other was the greatest single challenge confronting lecturers in non‐university schools of librarianship. It was a challenge made more formidable by the general lack of support — indeed hostility — of the profession at large, furthering the divide between schools and practitioners, and by the characteristic ambivalence of the Library Association. The status quo of custom and practice seemed sufficient to many.

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Library Review, vol. 33 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0024-2535

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Article
Publication date: 1 December 1977

Melvyn Barnes, Tony Preston and George Jefferson

THE EMOTIVE term ‘over‐supply’ has been used for some years' in the library profession, particularly by those senior librarians who have experienced large numbers of applicants…

18

Abstract

THE EMOTIVE term ‘over‐supply’ has been used for some years' in the library profession, particularly by those senior librarians who have experienced large numbers of applicants for each junior professional post they have advertised. The existence of an over‐supply has also been denied from time to time—not too recently, perhaps—or, at best, misgivings have been soothed by the feeling that unemployment in librarianship might not compare unfavourably with unemployment in other professions, and the general problem of graduate unemployment is a national factor quite unrelated to specific professions.

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New Library World, vol. 78 no. 12
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0307-4803

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Article
Publication date: 1 April 1975

GEORGE JEFFERSON, KA STOCKHAM, INIGO SMART, DON REVILL, BERNARD I PALMER and WA MUNFORD

COMPARATIVE STUDIES, whatever the subject, can bring enlightenment and new thoughts on old ideas. To investigate, and to find from written evidence, different approaches to…

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Abstract

COMPARATIVE STUDIES, whatever the subject, can bring enlightenment and new thoughts on old ideas. To investigate, and to find from written evidence, different approaches to similar problems or familiar practices in a new setting, engenders a feeling of professional kinship and often the pleasurable discovery of some original application or circumstance. The advantages of the academic pursuit of comparative librarianship are sufficiently well known. They have their most comprehensive summation and exposition in J Periam Danton's recent The dimensions of comparative librarianship.

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New Library World, vol. 76 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0307-4803

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Article
Publication date: 1 February 1966

LIBRARIANSHIP is an established profession, international in scope, and currently passing through a period of acute shortage of trained personnel. The City of Liverpool, situated…

57

Abstract

LIBRARIANSHIP is an established profession, international in scope, and currently passing through a period of acute shortage of trained personnel. The City of Liverpool, situated at the gate‐way of the New World, has given its School of Librarian‐ship some of the elements of its international character, while the current dearth of librarians has given it the opportunity to expand.

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New Library World, vol. 67 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0307-4803

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 1978

CATHERINE PINION

It would not be amiss to begin by considering definitions. “Co‐operation” is understood to be the means of making existing resources available to other libraries and…

778

Abstract

It would not be amiss to begin by considering definitions. “Co‐operation” is understood to be the means of making existing resources available to other libraries and organisations, thereby improving services. The interlending of printed materials between libraries is but one form. More specialised co‐operative effort is reflected in schemes such as SINTO, HULTIS and LADSIRLAC which involve the maintenance of adequate subject coverage within an area, and the means whereby librarians can meet to discuss and solve common problems. In its fullest sense, however, co‐operation has come to mean more than just a method of making existing resources available to the widest number of people; it has come to include the means whereby libraries (and other organisations) can work together towards new objectives which they might be unable to reach on their own. As Dr. Jefferson says in Library co‐operation:—

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Library Review, vol. 27 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0024-2535

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Article
Publication date: 1 June 1997

Barry Schwartz

World War I is the pivot of twentieth century American history because it transformed the United States from a regional into a global power. As the fiftieth anniversary of World…

300

Abstract

World War I is the pivot of twentieth century American history because it transformed the United States from a regional into a global power. As the fiftieth anniversary of World War II winds down, we remind ourselves of the first “Great War” and its continuing importance to American self‐conception and memory.

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International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, vol. 17 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0144-333X

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Article
Publication date: 18 August 2021

Edward A. Smith

What are the trade-offs between public and private ownership in the business and how does this impact industries responsible for providing and offering services on critical…

273

Abstract

Purpose

What are the trade-offs between public and private ownership in the business and how does this impact industries responsible for providing and offering services on critical national infrastructure? The privatisation of British Telecom (BT), the UK telecommunications provider that was initially part of the British Post Office, is used to explore this question. By broadening the business perspective beyond the political goals and economic consequences of privatisation; this study aims to approach management history provides new perspectives of the benefits and challenges offered by both public and private ownership.

Design/methodology/approach

To fulfil its purpose, this paper examines how the UK telecommunications incumbent proactively adapted from being an organisation shaped by its unique position within the public sector, to one embracing the challenges offered by the private sector. The analysis is synthesised by linking an understanding of the customer’s requirements, services and technology with surveys of the secondary literature, supported where applicable by archival material, combining perspectives from authors both within the organisation and external to it. Sources include specialist and more general academic material and contemporary and reflective publications from practising engineers and managers; supplemented by material held at the BT Archives and the Guildhall Library in London. It links the debate on ownership to the evolution of the market under study and provides a balanced view across the business, its market, competition and technology.

Findings

The arguments surrounding public or private ownership, are complex, in particular, it is difficult to separate effects due to liberalisation and privatisation. Whilst the former provided the impetus for beneficial change, the latter reduced the level of detrimental entanglement with government policy and enabled the technology and structural changes that took the market forward.

Originality/value

A new and balanced view of the privatisation of BT is taken, with an emphasis on how the company needed to change to thrive in a liberalised market, noting how technological change both required organisational change and enabled it. In contrast to many studies, the emphasis is on what was driving the organisation rather than the policy of privatisation and its effectiveness.

Details

Journal of Management History, vol. 28 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1751-1348

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