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In the early 1990s, several new entrants extended “category‐killer, big‐box” retailing concepts to the marketing of used vehicles. Despite promise, each entrant has either exited the market or changed its business plan. Based on both primary and secondary data, the authors find that, although the superstore maintains some advantages over traditional used‐vehicle retailers, it has cost disadvantages over the traditional retailer. These findings on both the demand and the supply side of the business explain the observed market failures.

Examines how the use of the World Wide Web has evolved in relation to automotive retailing. Reviews the authors’ model of virtual automotive dealership developed in an earlier article in this journal and discusses analytically the current state and future of virtual automotive distribution. Concludes that the element contributing most to the viability of the virtual dealership concept is the willingness of a manufacturer to establish a new line‐make in the US market.

While “category killers” have been a major retailing force in many product categories for nearly a generation, only recently has the concept extended to the retail used‐car market. Discusses several aspects of these “super automotive category killers (SACKs),” including why they developed in the mid‐1990s and their potential vulnerabilities. Provides managerial recommendations for existing and potential market participants.

The decade of the 1990s has seen unparalleled innovation in the retailing of new and used motor vehicles. Most recently the Internet has become the facilitator of change in auto retailing. After reviewing the current state of automotive Internet services, this article develops a model whereby a new entrant could introduce a vehicle line and market that line directly to the consumer via the Internet – “the virtual dealership”. Consummation of the transaction, vehicle delivery, warranty work, after‐market parts and service, and used car trade‐ins would be handled by existing players in the automotive infrastructure. Includes a discussion of potential problems, concentrating on legal restrictions imposed by state franchise laws.

The year 1988 marks a special anniversary for Russia. Exactly 1,000 years ago Christianity was officially introduced into Russia from Byzantium. This was accomplished when, in 988, Prince Vladimir of Kiev ordered a mass baptism of the Russian people

Man has been seeking an ideal existence for a very long time. In this existence, justice, love, and peace are no longer words, but actual experiences. How ever, with the American preemptive invasion and occupation of Afghanistan and Iraq and the subsequent prisoner abuse, such an existence seems to be farther and farther away from reality. The purpose of this work is to stop this dangerous trend by promoting justice, love, and peace through a change of the paradigm that is inconsistent with justice, love, and peace. The strong paradigm that created the strong nation like the U.S. and the strong man like George W. Bush have been the culprit, rather than the contributor, of the above three universal ideals. Thus, rather than justice, love, and peace, the strong paradigm resulted in in justice, hatred, and violence. In order to remove these three and related evils, what the world needs in the beginning of the third millenium is the weak paradigm. Through the acceptance of the latter paradigm, the golden mean or middle paradigm can be formulated, which is a synergy of the weak and the strong paradigm. In order to understand properly the meaning of these paradigms, however, some digression appears necessary.

In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, lawyers and judges used history for various purposes. Their works reflected the trends in historical treatments done by historians but was produced for instrumental ends. They drew upon history in their work of making the law and in shaping the profession. Lawyers and judges used history to justify existing law, to bolster calls for change in the law, to provide a defense against critique of the profession, or to provide a shining example for the profession to emulate. This long view of the use of law by the legal profession contextualizes the much-commented phenomena of law office history, which has proved a subject of a contention between the professions of law and history.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the status of small-business lending following the recession.

The authors survey the literature and analyze recent surveys of small-business lending.

The results reinforce the importance of owner equity as a primary source of small-business financing. In addition, the authors find that small firms have been seeking and obtaining less capital since the 2008 financial crisis.

The findings about the main sources of small-business financing will be informative when formulating financial regulation.

The available evidence suggests that new regulation of the financial services industry may be restricting access to products that small-business owners rely on and may adversely affect small banks.

The authors offer the most recent analysis of small-business financing, focusing on changes that may have been caused by the recession and major financial regulations.