Xianke Sun, Gaoliang Wang, Liuyang Xu and Honglei Yuan
In data grids, replication has been regarded as a crucial optimization strategy. Computing tasks are performed on IoT gateways at the cloud edges to obtain a prompt response. So…
Abstract
Purpose
In data grids, replication has been regarded as a crucial optimization strategy. Computing tasks are performed on IoT gateways at the cloud edges to obtain a prompt response. So, investigating the data replication mechanisms in the IoT is necessary. Henceforth, a systematic survey of data replication strategies in IoT techniques is presented in this paper, and some suggestions are offered for the upcoming works. In two key classifications, various parameters dependent on the analysis of the prevalent approaches are considered. The pros and cons associated with chosen strategies have been explored, and the essential problems of them have been presented to boost the future of more effective data replication strategies. We have also discovered gaps in papers and provided solutions for them.
Design/methodology/approach
Progress in Information Technology (IT) growth has brought the Internet of Things (IoT) into life to take a vital role in our everyday lifestyles. Big IoT-generated data brings tremendous data processing challenges. One of the most challenging problems is data replication to improve fault-tolerance, reliability, and accessibility. In this way, if the primary data source fails, a replica can be swapped in immediately. There is a significant influence on the IoT created by data replication techniques, but no extensive and systematic research exists in this area. There is still no systematic and full way to address the relevant methods and evaluate them. Hence, in the present investigation, a literature review is indicated on the IoT-based data replication from papers published until 2021. Based on the given guidelines, chosen papers are reviewed. After establishing exclusion and inclusion criteria, an independent systematic search in Google Scholar, ACM, Scopus, Eric, Science Direct, Springer link, Emerald, Global ProQuest, and IEEE for relevant studies has been performed, and 21(6 paper analyzed in section 1 and 15 paper analyzed in section 3) papers have been analyzed.
Findings
The results showed that data replication mechanisms in the IoT algorithms outperform other algorithms regarding impressive network utilization, job implementation time, hit ratio, total replication number, and the portion of utilized storage in percentage. Although a few ideas have been suggested that fix different facets of IoT data management, we predict that there is still space for development and more study. Thus, in order to design innovative and more effective methods for future IoT-based structures, we explored open research directions in the domain of efficient data processing.
Research limitations/implications
The present investigation encountered some drawbacks. First of all, only certain papers published in English were included. It is evident that some papers exist on data replication processes in the IoT written in other languages, but they were not included in our research. Next, the current report has only analyzed the mined based on data replication processes and IoT keyword discovery. The methods for data replication in the IoT would not be printed with keywords specified. In this review, the papers presented in national conferences and journals are neglected. In order to achieve the highest ability, this analysis contains papers from major global academic journals.
Practical implications
To appreciate the significance and accuracy of the data often produced by different entities, the article illustrates that data provenance is essential. The results contribute to providing strong suggestions for future IoT studies. To be able to view the data, administrators have to modify novel abilities. The current analysis will deal with the speed of publications and suggest the findings of research and experience as a future path for IoT data replication decision-makers.
Social implications
In general, the rise in the knowledge degree of scientists, academics, and managers will enhance administrators' positive and consciously behavioral actions in handling IoT environments. We anticipate that the consequences of the present report could lead investigators to produce more efficient data replication methods in IoT regarding the data type and data volume.
Originality/value
This report provides a detailed literature review on data replication strategies relying on IoT. The lack of such papers increases the importance of this paper. Utilizing the responses to the study queries, data replication's primary purpose, current problems, study concepts, and processes in IoT are summarized exclusively. This approach will allow investigators to establish a more reliable IoT technique for data replication in the future. To the best of our understanding, our research is the first to provide a thorough overview and evaluation of the current solutions by categorizing them into static/dynamic replication and distributed replication subcategories. By outlining possible future study paths, we conclude the article.
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Yige Jin, Xing Li, Gaoliang Tian, Jing Shi and Yunyi Wang
In this study, the authors explore the association between employee education level and the efficiency of corporate investment using data from a sample of Chinese listed firms…
Abstract
Purpose
In this study, the authors explore the association between employee education level and the efficiency of corporate investment using data from a sample of Chinese listed firms during the period from 2011 to 2018. By examining the impact of education on investment efficiency, the authors' study provides valuable insights that contribute to a deeper understanding of the underlying economic mechanisms related to education.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors conduct multivariate regression analyses to examine the relationship between investment efficiency (following Richardson, 2006) and the level of employee education, along with a series of control variables. To ensure the reliability of the authors' findings, the authors subject the their results to a comprehensive set of robustness tests, such as a staggered difference-in-difference (DiD) regression approach, an instrumental variable (IV) method and the use of alternative employee education level and investment efficiency measurements.
Findings
The findings offer compelling evidence that higher levels of education have a positive impact on firms' investment efficiency, and this effect remains robust across various model specifications and endogeneity considerations. Moreover, the influence of education is more pronounced in firms that prioritize employee training, maintain effective internal communication and offer attractive financial rewards. Furthermore, the results suggest that the relationship between education and investment efficiency is influenced by the firms' business nature and competitive environment. Factors such as business complexity, labor intensity and business location also play a role in shaping the impact of education on investment outcomes.
Originality/value
The study emphasizes the crucial role of education in influencing investment decisions and performance within firms. By delving into this previously unexplored area, the authors' research contributes to the existing literature, establishing that the level of employee education is a significant determinant of corporate investment efficiency. This valuable insight has substantial implications for firms aiming to enhance their investment decision-making processes and overall performance. Understanding the positive impact of education on investment efficiency can empower organizations to leverage their human capital effectively and achieve better investment outcomes, ultimately contributing to long-term success and competitiveness in the market.
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Radwan Alkebsee, Adeeb A. Alhebry and Gaoliang Tian
Scholars have investigated the association between executives' incentives and earnings management. Most of the extant literature focuses on equity executives' incentives, while…
Abstract
Purpose
Scholars have investigated the association between executives' incentives and earnings management. Most of the extant literature focuses on equity executives' incentives, while most of the earnings management literature focuses on accrual earnings management (AEM), not real earnings management (REM). This paper investigates the association between chief executive officers’ (CEOs) and chief financial officer (CFOs) cash compensation and REM and explores who has more influence on REM, the CEO or the CFO.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors use the data of all listed companies on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges for the period from 2009 to 2017 and ordinary least squares regression as a baseline model and the Chow test to capture whether the CEO's or the CFO's cash compensation has more influence on REM. To address potential endogeneity issues, the authors use a firm-fixed effect technique and two-stage least squares regression.
Findings
The authors find that CEOs' and CFOs' cash compensation is significantly associated with REM, suggesting that paying non-equity compensation to the CEO and CFO is negatively associated with REM. The authors also find that the CFO's cash compensation has a more significant influence on REM than the CEO's cash compensation, suggesting that the CFO's accounting and financial knowledge strengthens his or her power on the quality of financial reporting.
Practical implications
The study contributes to the literature of agency and contract theories by using cash-based compensation to provide strong evidence that CEO's and CFO's compensation is associated with REM. It also contributes to the earnings management literature by examining the effect of CEOs' and CFOs' cash compensation on earnings management using proxies for REM-related activities. The study also contributes to the institutional theory by providing empirical evidence on the governance role of executives' cash compensation in deterring REM. Finally, it is the first to examine the relationship between CEO's and CFO's cash compensation and REM, and the first to explore who is more influential regarding REM in emerging markets, the CEO or the CFO.
Originality/value
As a response to the call for investigations of the role of non-equity-based compensation in earnings management and the call to consider non-developed institutional contexts in governance research, this study extends prior studies by providing novel evidence on the relationship between CEOs' and CFOs' non-equity compensation and REM in China's emerging market. The study documents that the CFO has a greater influence on REM than the CEO does.
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Gaoliang Tian, Yi Si and M.M Fonseka
In China, private equity placement (PEP) has become the most important equity refinancing method because most listed firms issue new stocks in this method. However, previous…
Abstract
Purpose
In China, private equity placement (PEP) has become the most important equity refinancing method because most listed firms issue new stocks in this method. However, previous literature has not paid much attention to the impact of political connections on PEP. In this paper, the authors aim to focus on the effect of ultimate ownership types and political connections on approval, approval time, approval results and proceeds of PEP. Besides that the authors also explore the influence of different types and levels of political connections on PEP.
Design/methodology/approach
This study investigates the impact of ultimate ownership and political connections of private firms on the approval of PEPs. The authors obtain a final sample of 1,651 private placement events of Chinese-listed firms. To test the hypothesis that the authors developed in this paper, the authors use empirical models from the existing literature about political connections and corporate finance. They establish multiple linear regressions to test Hypothesis 1 and 3 and introduce a logit model to test Hypothesis 2.
Findings
First, this study documents that state-owned firms have significant advantages over private firms in approval procedure. Second, political connections seem to help private firms obtain approval of placements from China Securities Regulatory Commission. Third, political connections through government officers are not useful for firms to obtain refinance resources, whereas the connections of being members of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and People’s Congress are the two valuable types of political connections to help private firms obtain approval.
Originality/value
This paper has three main contributions to the previous literature. The first contribution is to provide an evidence for the relation between political connections and PEP approval procedures. The second contribution is to provide a comparison between government officer’s connection and social title’s connection. The third contribution of this paper is to reveal the influence of non-disclosed political connection on PEP approval. All the three contributions are important for understanding the relation between political connections and firm refinancial policy.
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Rui Zhang, Gaoliang Tian, Zichen Tian and Liuchuang Li
This study aims to investigate whether mainland Chinese audit firms’ entry into the H-share market to provide audit services affects their mainland audit pricing.
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to investigate whether mainland Chinese audit firms’ entry into the H-share market to provide audit services affects their mainland audit pricing.
Design/methodology/approach
Using data on A-share listed companies in China from 2008 to 2018, a difference-in-differences model to test the research question is designed. Robustness tests are conducted to rule out alternative explanations and additional tests to shed light on the extent and inner workings of the main effect.
Findings
The entry of mainland audit firms into the H-share audit market leads to a significant decrease in mainland audit pricing. Moreover, this main effect is (i) growing with the importance of H-share audit services to mainland auditors, (ii) stronger for mainland auditors with lower industry specialisation and shorter tenures, (iii) partially mediated by audit efficiency and (iv) greater when mainland clients have higher bargaining power. Furthermore, mainland auditors’ entry into the H-share audit market does not result in significant deterioration in their mainland audit quality, and significantly increases their market share in the mainland audit market.
Originality/value
This study provides new empirical evidence of the relationship between audit firms’ development strategy for internationalisation and audit pricing, extends the literature on auditing issues in emerging markets and should be of potential interest to regulators and investors.
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Xutang Zhang, Gaoliang Peng, Xin Hou and Ting Zhuang
Fixture design is a complicated task requiring both intensive knowledge and experience. This paper aims to present a computer-aided fixture design (CAFD) system framework based on…
Abstract
Purpose
Fixture design is a complicated task requiring both intensive knowledge and experience. This paper aims to present a computer-aided fixture design (CAFD) system framework based on design reuse technology.
Design/methodology/approach
Fixture design domain ontology is constructed by analyzing fixture design document corpus. A design reuse engine is proposed to realize fixture design knowledge retrieval and fixture model retrieval based on ontology and find fixture design cases similar to fixture design problem, and then use evolutionary methods to modify the retrieved model to meet the design requirements and then generate a new fixture.
Findings
The paper finds that the proposed framework is an efficient tool to improve efficiency of fixture design.
Practical implications
Fixture design existing experience and cases can be used efficiently reused and to advance new fixture design processes.
Originality/value
This paper presents a CAFD system framework capable of carrying out fixture design through full using of the existing fixture design resource and experienced knowledge.
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Xiwen Cai, Haobo Qiu, Liang Gao, Xiaoke Li and Xinyu Shao
This paper aims to propose hybrid global optimization based on multiple metamodels for improving the efficiency of global optimization.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to propose hybrid global optimization based on multiple metamodels for improving the efficiency of global optimization.
Design/methodology/approach
The method has fully utilized the information provided by different metamodels in the optimization process. It not only imparts the expected improvement criterion of kriging into other metamodels but also intelligently selects appropriate metamodeling techniques to guide the search direction, thus making the search process very efficient. Besides, the corresponding local search strategies are also put forward to further improve the optimizing efficiency.
Findings
To validate the method, it is tested by several numerical benchmark problems and applied in two engineering design optimization problems. Moreover, an overall comparison between the proposed method and several other typical global optimization methods has been made. Results show that the global optimization efficiency of the proposed method is higher than that of the other methods for most situations.
Originality/value
The proposed method sufficiently utilizes multiple metamodels in the optimizing process. Thus, good optimizing results are obtained, showing great applicability in engineering design optimization problems which involve costly simulations.
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Muhammad Jameel Hussain, Dongfang Nie, Gaoliang Tian and Adnan Ashraf
This paper aims to explore the relation between chief executive officer (CEO) tenure and the propensity to adopt the global reporting initiative (GRI) for corporate social…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to explore the relation between chief executive officer (CEO) tenure and the propensity to adopt the global reporting initiative (GRI) for corporate social responsibility reporting in Chinese firms.
Design/methodology/approach
This study used Chinese A-listed firms as sample during 2010–2020. Considering the binary nature of dependent variable, logistic regression model is applied. For robustness, lagged value of independent and control variables, additional control variables and two stage least square regression are used.
Findings
This paper finds that CEO tenure is negatively related to the adoption of GRI reporting standards. Furthermore, this paper finds that this association is less pronounced when CEOs are female and when CEOs have foreign experience. Furthermore, this paper finds that this association is not significant when CEOs are female and when CEOs have foreign experience. This paper also finds that the relationship between CEO tenure and GRI adoption is more pronounced in state-owned enterprises in China. The findings in this paper are robust after controlling for endogeneity.
Practical implications
The study results are important for understanding the development and implementation of GRI framework especially in China.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to deeply investigate how CEO tenure can affect adoption of GRI in Chinese firms.
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Peng Gaoliang, Gao Jun and He Xu
Modular fixture configuration design is a complicated task requiring both intensive knowledge and experience. Automated or semi‐automated computer‐aided modular fixture systems…
Abstract
Purpose
Modular fixture configuration design is a complicated task requiring both intensive knowledge and experience. Automated or semi‐automated computer‐aided modular fixture systems based on computer‐aided design packages do not appear to have made a significant impact within the manufacturing industry. Modular fixture designers still prefer traditional systems such as paper or physical model; as such models provide a more intuitive interaction and immediate feedback. The objective of the paper is to present an application of the desktop virtual reality (VR) to develop an interactive modular fixture assembly design system.
Design/methodology/approach
Desktop‐based friendly interface is designed and the low‐system requirement key techniques, namely assembly modeling and collision detection approach, to make proposed system run smoothly on a desktop PC, are presented.
Findings
The paper finds that the proposed system is an efficient tool for modular fixture configuration design.
Practical implications
The proposed system is a portable and affordable solution for modular fixture design.
Originality/value
A low‐cost VR application for modular fixture configuration design is presented.
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Amalesh Sharma, Sourav Bikash Borah, Anirban Adhikary and Tanjum Haque
The extant literature provides much-needed support to understand marketing accountability and how marketing actions are related to financial performance (FP). However, we have…
Abstract
The extant literature provides much-needed support to understand marketing accountability and how marketing actions are related to financial performance (FP). However, we have limited understanding of the relationships between marketing actions and firms' social performance (SP) and environmental performance (EP). Understanding these links is critical to enhancing sustainable FP, SP, and EP. Moreover, the literature provides limited understanding of the measures by which SP and EP may be operationalized, or the data necessary to reach a conclusion. This study bridges these gaps by extensively reviewing the extant literature to offer a set of measures and data sources to operationalize SP and EP, and empirically show their relationships with marketing actions. We find that greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, environmental disclosure score, waste reduction, energy consumption, and recycling are prominent measures of EP, and that social disclosure score, philanthropy or community spending, and diversity of gender and race are prominent measures of SP. The KLD, ASSET4, and Bloomberg are prominent sources of data that can be used to operationalize SP, to which CDP may be added for EP. We also show that marketing actions positively affect EP and SP. This study contributes to the extant literature on SP and EP by identifying measures and data sources and linking marketing actions to both performance types. It contributes to policy development by identifying the importance of EP and SP and how marketing actions can help achieve such performance.