Gagan Gurung, Carol Atmore, Robin Gauld and Tim Stokes
The purpose of this paper is to identify and describe the international and New Zealand (NZ) evidence for models of integrated ambulatory care and describe key implementation…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify and describe the international and New Zealand (NZ) evidence for models of integrated ambulatory care and describe key implementation issues and lessons learnt.
Design/methodology/approach
A scoping review was conducted for published and grey literature on integrated care. Publications from 2000 to February 2019 that described integrated ambulatory care were included.
Findings
A total of 34 articles were included. Internationally and in NZ, the most common models of integrated care found were: transfer, relocation and joint working. The international literature showed that transferring care from hospitals to community and other integrated models of care between the primary–specialist interface increased access and convenience for patients. However, there was insufficient evidence of clinical and economic outcomes. Very few NZ-based studies reported on effectiveness of models of care. Key implementation issues were: no viable and sustainable funding, lack of infrastructure, lack of confidence, trust and communication between providers, increased workload and time and knowledge and skills gap to perform new roles. The NZ literature highlighted the need for an appropriate location for services, committed leadership, development of a governance group representing different provider groups, strong communication mechanisms, new workforce skills and overall change management.
Originality/value
The review provides an overview of key components of integrated care models in ambulatory settings and identifies some common elements across the models of care. The findings can inform the design and implementation of integrated ambulatory care in health systems.
Details
Keywords
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the job satisfaction level of universal bank employees in India. It focusses on identifying the factors of job satisfaction and their…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the job satisfaction level of universal bank employees in India. It focusses on identifying the factors of job satisfaction and their influence on the overall job satisfaction of universal bank employees.
Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected from a sample of 380 bank employees using convenience sampling technique.
Findings
The results of exploratory factor analysis reveal that eight factors, i.e. workplace environment, supervision, cooperation from peers, work discrimination, employee acceptance, work allocation, job security and remuneration extracted as important determinants of job satisfaction. The results of multiple regression analysis shows that supervision, cooperation from peers, work allocation and employee acceptance (independent variables) influences the level of job satisfaction (dependent variable of bank employees.
Originality/value
Since liberalization, banking sector is considered to be one of the major recruiters. People prefer bank as a career and social status. In order to further improve the satisfaction level of bank employees, bank management should provide regular feedback to the employees about their performance. In the absence of feedback, employees will be discouraged because they do not know how they are doing or may believe their contribution is unacknowledged. The most important factor effecting employee satisfaction with their job is their immediate supervisor. Many employees dislike their supervisor though they like the work they do. To make employees happier in their position, stay longer and the most important to ensure that customers receive better services, banks must start improving the management skills of supervisors.