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Article
Publication date: 1 June 1996

W.P. Brown, H. Galand, G.R. Kingsbury and M. Scott

Modern engines place increasing demands on crankshaft systems, and thus bearings are required to have properties which conflict with the simultaneous need for strength and…

262

Abstract

Modern engines place increasing demands on crankshaft systems, and thus bearings are required to have properties which conflict with the simultaneous need for strength and compliance under all operational conditions. Lists property requirements to describe bearing behaviour. Covers strengthening mechanisms for aluminium alloys, conformability tests, compatibility, metallurgical consequences.

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Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 48 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

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Article
Publication date: 7 June 2019

Peng Geng and Jianhua Liu

The more precise decision map is important to generate better-fused image. Guided filter can preserve edge information effectively. The purpose of his study is to use guided…

76

Abstract

Purpose

The more precise decision map is important to generate better-fused image. Guided filter can preserve edge information effectively. The purpose of his study is to use guided filter to form the precise decision map and highly informatively fused image.

Design/methodology/approach

The dual tree complex wavelet transform is adopted to decompose the source images into high frequency and low frequency coefficients. Sum of modified Laplacian method is introduced as the focus metric in dual tree complex wavelet coefficients. The guided filter is guided by the dual tree complex wavelet coefficient when the sum of modified Laplacian is used as the input image. The output image of guided filter is used to produce the decision map to fuse dual tree complex wavelet coefficient of source images.

Findings

The sum of modified Laplacian of dual tree complex wavelet coefficient can be used as the guided image in guided filter to generate better decision map. Comparison with the other state-of-the-art methods illustrates that the proposed approach is more effective in fusing the multifocus images both visual performance and objective evaluation.

Originality/value

The sum of modified Laplacian of dual tree complex wavelet coefficient is introduced to be used as the guided image in guided filter to generate better decision map. This method is fast and effect to fuse the source images. Comparison with the other state-of-the-art methods illustrates that the proposed approach is more effective in fusing the multifocus images both visual performance and objective evaluation.

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Industrial Robot: the international journal of robotics research and application, vol. 46 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0143-991X

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Article
Publication date: 5 August 2014

B.K. Prasad

The purpose of the paper is to assess the influence of the volume fraction solid lubricants like talc lead and graphite in oil separately and in combination towards controlling…

137

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of the paper is to assess the influence of the volume fraction solid lubricants like talc lead and graphite in oil separately and in combination towards controlling the sliding wear behaviour of a grey cast iron and understand the factors controlling the response of the material in a given set of experimental conditions.

Design/methodology/approach

The composition of the lubricating medium (oil) has been changed by dispersing 5 per cent graphite, talc and lead particles separately and in combination. Sliding wear tests were conducted on grey cast iron samples over a range of applied pressures. Parameters determined were wear rate and frictional heating. The wear behaviour of the samples was further substantiated through the features of wear surfaces, subsurface regions and debris particles. Material removal mechanisms and factors responsible for a specific response of the samples have also been analysed.

Findings

The wear rate increased with increasing applied pressure. Addition of graphite and lead to the oil separately or in combination brought about a reduction in the wear rate of the samples; talc and talc + lead produced a reverse trend. Temperature near the specimen surface increased with test duration and applied pressure. The test environment influenced the frictional heating in a manner similar to that of the wear rate. Adhesion and abrasion were observed to be the operating material removal mechanisms. Smearing of the solid lubricating phase and delamination resulting from cracking tendency also controlled the wear response.

Research limitations/implications

Oil is a very popular lubricant used in engineering applications involving friction and wear. Solid lubricants are used along with the oil. The nature, characteristics and content of the solid lubricants very much control the performance. Limited information is available pertaining to assessing the influence of the type and fraction of solid lubricants in the oil towards controlling the wear behaviour of cast irons (popularly known tribomaterials). The present study enables to understand the effectiveness of talc, lead and graphite in oil towards governing the wear characteristics of cast iron and analyse wear mechanisms and controlling parameters.

Practical implications

Graphite and talc are available in nature in abundance. Graphite is a popularly known solid lubricant, while talc is less explored. Lead is also well-known as a solid lubricant but poses health hazard in practice due to its toxic nature. The present study explores the lubricating capability of talc when mixed with oil separately or in combination with lead and graphite towards controlling the wear response of a grey cast iron. It enables to understand the factors responsible for the specific response of talc.

Social implications

Assessment of the lubricating potential of talc as a possible substitute to lead is important in view of the toxic nature of the latter. If successful, the exercise could enable to replace lead with talc.

Originality/value

The present manuscript is an original piece of the author's research work.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 66 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

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Article
Publication date: 18 September 2009

Gerald R. Ferris, Laci M. Rogers, Fred R. Blass and Wayne A. Hochwarter

Job‐limiting pain (JLP) is an increasingly relevant topic in organizations. However, research to date has failed to examine the stress‐inducing properties of pain and its effects…

3457

Abstract

Purpose

Job‐limiting pain (JLP) is an increasingly relevant topic in organizations. However, research to date has failed to examine the stress‐inducing properties of pain and its effects on job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). To address this gap, the purpose of this paper is to examine the interactive relationship between JLP and political skill (PS) on job satisfaction (Studies 1 and 2) and OCB (Study 2).

Design/methodology/approach

In the first study, data are gathered from 143 employees of a product distribution company in the Southeastern USA. In Study 2, the independent and dependent variables are collected two months apart (and matched) from 237 members of a state agency located in the Southeastern USA, who are participating in developmental exercises.

Findings

PS is supported as a neutralizer of stress brought on by JLP. Job satisfaction and organizational citizenship scores decline as pain increases for those with low levels of PS. Increased JLP has little effect on satisfaction and citizenship for those with high levels of PS.

Research limitations/implications

The data are collected exclusively via a survey; however, tests indicate that multicollinearity does not inflate results.

Practical implications

The research has implications for individuals and managers. Managers can understand and account for the widespread effects of JLP. Individuals can activate PS to neutralize stress.

Originality/value

This is the first study to examine the interaction between JLP and PS in the work environment. Gaps in several bodies of literature, including stress, organizational behavior, psychology, and the biopsychosocial approach, are addressed.

Details

Journal of Managerial Psychology, vol. 24 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0268-3946

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Article
Publication date: 25 September 2018

Linjuan Rita Men and Katy L. Robinson

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of emotional culture on the quality of employee–organization relationships (EORs). To understand the nuances of the influence of…

3128

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of emotional culture on the quality of employee–organization relationships (EORs). To understand the nuances of the influence of positive and negative emotional cultures on employee relational outcomes, this study specifically examined four fundamental emotional cultures, namely, joy, love, fear and sadness, in the cultivation of EORs. Further, as more recent emotional connotations of culture delve into the connections between employees’ fundamental need for psychological satisfaction and business success, likewise, this study proposes employees’ psychological need satisfaction as a potential mediator that explains how emotional culture influences employee–organization relational outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach

To test the hypothesized model, the authors conducted an online survey on a random sample of 509 employees working in 19 diverse industry sectors in a one-week period in February 2017, with the assistance of a premier global provider of survey services, Survey Sampling International. To test the hypothesized model, structural equation modeling analysis was employed using AMOS 24.0 software.

Findings

Results indicated that joy, happiness, excitement, companionate love, affection and warmth could meet employees’ psychological need for mutual respect, care, connection and interdependence within the organization. Such culture contributed to employees’ feelings of trust, satisfaction, mutual control and commitment toward the organization. By contrast, employees in organizations with a dispirited, downcast and sad emotional culture were less inclined to develop quality relationships with the organization. Employees in organizations where the emotional culture was fearful, anxious, tense or scared were less likely to satisfy their psychological need for relatedness.

Originality/value

This study is among one of the earliest attempts to theorize and operationalize organizational emotional culture, which fills the research gap in decades of organizational culture research that focused predominantly on the cognitive aspect. Also, this study expands the thriving relationship management literature, in particular, employee relationship management research by showing the positive impact of emotional culture of joy and love and negative impact of emotional culture of sadness on employee relational outcomes.

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Corporate Communications: An International Journal, vol. 23 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1356-3289

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Book part
Publication date: 31 May 2016

Richard Ek and Mekonnen Tesfahuney

In the Western thought tradition, the tourist has not been a subject worthy of intellectual musings and philosophical deliberations. Indeed, the tourist has been portrayed in…

Abstract

In the Western thought tradition, the tourist has not been a subject worthy of intellectual musings and philosophical deliberations. Indeed, the tourist has been portrayed in primarily derisive ways. Nietzsche’s remark, “Tourists—they climb mountains like animals, stupid and perspiring, no one has told them that there are beautiful views on the way,” epitomizes the dominant attitude. Why does the figure of the tourist elicit such negative reactions? Do the sentiments perhaps imply something else, or is the tourist a doppelgänger, not anomalous or marginal but normative—a paradigmatic figure? If so, then what can be said of the poetics and politics of the tourist conceptualized as a paradigmatic subject?

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Tourism Research Paradigms: Critical and Emergent Knowledges
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78350-929-4

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Book part
Publication date: 13 April 2015

Maria Alejandra Calle

This chapter provides a legal and theoretical overview of environmental PPMs articulated in private standards. It seeks to expand the debate about environmental PPMs, elucidating…

Abstract

Purpose

This chapter provides a legal and theoretical overview of environmental PPMs articulated in private standards. It seeks to expand the debate about environmental PPMs, elucidating important dimensions to the issue from the perspective of global governance and international trade law. One of the arguments advanced in this chapter is that a comprehensive analysis of environmental PPMs should consider not only their role in what is regarded as trade barriers (governmental and market driven) but also their significance in global objectives such as the transition towards a green economy and sustainable patterns of consumption and production.

Methodology/approach

This chapter is based on an extensive literature review and doctrinal legal research.

Findings

This research shows that environmental PPMs represent a key issue in the context of the trade and environment relationship. For decades such measures have been thought of as being trade distortive and thus incompatible with WTO law. Although it seems clear now that they are not unlawful per se, their legal status remains unsettled. PPMs can be regarded as regulatory choices associated with a wide range of environmental concerns. However, in trade disputes, challenged measures involving policy objectives addressing production issues in the conservation of natural resources tend to focus on fishing/harvesting techniques. On the other hand, an important goal of Global Environmental Governance (GEG) is to incentivise sustainable consumption and production in order to achieve the transition to a green economy. In this sense, it can be argued that what are generally denominated as ‘PPMs’ in the WTO terminology can alternatively be regarded ‘SCPs’ in the language of environmental governance. Environmental PPMs are not only limited to state-based measures, such as import bans, tariff preferences, and governmental labelling schemes. Environmental PPMs may also amount to good corporate practices towards environmental protection and provide the rationale for numerous private environmental standards.

Practical implications

Most academic attention afforded to environmental-PPMs has focused on their impacts on trade or their legality under WTO law. Although legal scholars have already referred to the significance of such measures in the context of environmental governance, this issue has remained almost entirely unexplored. This chapter seeks to fill the gap in the literature in this regard. In particular, it addresses the relevance of environmental PPMs in the context of decentralised governance initiatives such as the UN Global Compact and private environmental standards.

Originality/value

Overall, this chapter assists in the understanding of the significance of environmental PPMs in the context of private environmental standards and other governance initiatives involving goals related to sustainable consumption and production. This chapter adds to the existing body of literature on the subject of PPMs in international trade and environmental governance.

Details

Beyond the UN Global Compact: Institutions and Regulations
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78560-558-1

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Book part
Publication date: 24 October 2003

Timothy J Dowd

The study of markets encompasses a number of disciplines – including anthropology, economics, history, and sociology – and a larger number of theoretical frameworks (see Plattner…

Abstract

The study of markets encompasses a number of disciplines – including anthropology, economics, history, and sociology – and a larger number of theoretical frameworks (see Plattner, 1989; Reddy, 1984; Smelser & Swedberg, 1994). Despite this disciplinary and theoretical diversity, scholarship on markets tends toward either realist or constructionist accounts (Dobbin, 1994; Dowd & Dobbin, forthcoming).1 Realist accounts treat markets as extant arenas that mostly (or should) conform to a singular ideal-type. Realists thus take the existence of markets as given and examine factors that supposedly shape all markets in a similar fashion. When explaining market outcomes, they tout such factors as competition, demand, and technology; moreover, they can treat the impact of these factors as little influenced by context. Constructionist accounts treat markets as emergent arenas that result in a remarkable variety of types. They problematize the existence of markets and examine how contextual factors contribute to this variety. When explaining market outcomes, some show that social relations and/or cultural assumptions found in a particular setting can qualify the impact of competition (Uzzi, 1997), demand (Peiss, 1998), and technology (Fischer, 1992). Constructionists thus stress the contingent, rather than universal, processes that shape markets.

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Comparative Studies of Culture and Power
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-76230-885-9

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Book part
Publication date: 10 December 2018

Philip Miles

Abstract

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Midlife Creativity and Identity: Life into Art
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78754-333-1

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Article
Publication date: 24 September 2024

Zhe Liu, Wenjing Zhang, Zhen Guo, Fang Yang, Heng Liu and Wei Chen

This paper aims to select an appropriate contact force model and apply it to the interaction model between the balls and the cage in the rolling bearings to describe the…

33

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to select an appropriate contact force model and apply it to the interaction model between the balls and the cage in the rolling bearings to describe the elastic–plastic collision phenomena between the two.

Design/methodology/approach

Taking the ball–disk collision mode as an example, several main contact force models were compared and analyzed through simulation and experiment. In addition, based on the consideration of yield strength of materials and initial collision velocity, a variable recovery coefficient model was proposed, and its validity and accuracy were verified by the ball–disk collision experiments. Then, respectively, the Flores model and the Hertz model were applied to the interaction between the balls and the cage, and the dynamics simulation results were compared.

Findings

The results indicate that the Flores model has good regression of recovery coefficient, indicating good applicability for both elastic and elastic–plastic contacts and can be applied to the contact collision situations of various materials. Under certain working conditions, there are significant differences in the dynamics results of rolling bearings simulated using the Flores model and Hertz model, respectively.

Originality/value

This paper applies the Flores model with variable recovery coefficients to the dynamics simulation analysis of ball bearings to solve the elastic–plastic collision problem between the rolling elements and the cage that cannot be reasonably handled by the Hertz model.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-04-2024-0138/

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 76 no. 9
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

Keywords

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