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Article
Publication date: 1 December 2000

C.N. Pandazaras and G.P. Petropoulos

A study of piston ring‐cylinder tribological behaviour under mixed lubrication mode is usually based upon data regarding surface contact magnitudes, fluid film characteristics and…

810

Abstract

A study of piston ring‐cylinder tribological behaviour under mixed lubrication mode is usually based upon data regarding surface contact magnitudes, fluid film characteristics and resultant mixed friction forces. The present paper introduces a Fisher‐Pearson statistical model to describe elastic deformation of piston rings and liners’ asperities in order to derive more realistic functions that represent the aforementioned functional quantities considering real surfaces of used and worn liners. The hypothesis that the microtopography follows Gaussian law overestimates critical contact magnitudes such as: minimum film thickness‐surface separation distance, deformed asperities supported load, number of contacts and contact area. Increased time of use and wear of liners decreases transverse geometrical anisotropy. Correction contact integral functions in cases of used liners’ surfaces may be calculated through surface profile measurements. Theoretical and experimental results are in good agreement for the configuration considered.

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Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 52 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

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Article
Publication date: 1 August 2001

C.N. Pandazaras and G.P. Petropoulos

Presents theoretical results regarding the computational estimation of the critical rotational speed in smooth or of negligible roughness and waviness hydrodynamically lubricated…

496

Abstract

Presents theoretical results regarding the computational estimation of the critical rotational speed in smooth or of negligible roughness and waviness hydrodynamically lubricated journal bearings. Results were provided using a developed calculational simulation code adapted to modelling of hydrodynamic lubrication regime encountered in the operation of various conventional or unconventional configuration finite journal bearings (j‐b). It is concluded that empirical formulae of general character used to determine j‐b rotational speed critical domain may either considerably underestimate or overestimate operational magnitudes. This fact leads to the necessity of use of high values for rotational speed safety factors in order to assure liquid lubrication and to avoid j‐b contacts during operation. Relevant diagrams resulting from the present investigation show a direct estimation of critical j‐b operational magnitudes.

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Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 53 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

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Article
Publication date: 10 August 2015

Jun Cheng, Xianghui Meng, Youbai Xie and Wenxiang Li

The purpose of this paper is to study the real-time change of surface roughness at different small regions of piston rings during running-in process. Meanwhile, the effects of…

317

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the real-time change of surface roughness at different small regions of piston rings during running-in process. Meanwhile, the effects of real-time change of the rough surface topography on the lubrication and friction of piston rings are investigated.

Design/methodology/approach

An uneven wear model has been developed to research the running-in behavior at the different small regions of piston rings. The model is verified by comparing the simulation results with the experimental results on a reciprocating friction and wear test rig.

Findings

This research shows that the wear process of piston ring surface is uneven during running-in. At most time of the operating cycle except the vicinity of top dead center and bottom dead center, the minimum oil film thickness ratio increases while the friction force and power loss decrease after the running-in period.

Originality/value

Through this research, the running-in behavior of piston rings is investigated in detail. The interaction between the running-in and the lubrication and friction of piston rings is understood more deeply.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 67 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

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Article
Publication date: 1 September 2002

Nikolaos V. Kantartzis, Theodoros K. Katsibas, Christos S. Antonopoulos and Theodoros D. Tsiboukis

A systematic, non‐orthogonal FDTD algorithm for the unified and fully dual construction of curvilinear PMLs in 3‐D lossy electromagnetic and advective acoustic problems, is…

1498

Abstract

A systematic, non‐orthogonal FDTD algorithm for the unified and fully dual construction of curvilinear PMLs in 3‐D lossy electromagnetic and advective acoustic problems, is presented in this paper. Postulating a consistent mathematical formulation, the novel methodology introduces a set of general vector parametric equations that describe wave propagation in both media and facilitate the effective treatment of the remarkably complex, arbitrarily‐aligned (non‐uniform) source or mean flow terms, particularly at low frequencies. The discretization procedure is performed via accurate higher‐order FDTD topological concepts, which along with a well‐posed variable transformation, suppress the undesired lattice dispersion and anisotropy errors. Hence, due to these additional degrees of design freedom and their optimal establishment, the new stable PMLs (split‐field or Maxwellian) accomplish a critical attenuation of the evanescent, vorticity or elastic wave families by carefully accounting for every loss mechanism. Numerical investigation reveals the superiority of the proposed technique in terms of various open‐region, waveguide and ducted‐domain simulations.

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COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, vol. 21 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 2008

Yusuf Sahin and A. Riza Motorcu

This paper presents a study of the development of surface roughness model when turning the mild steel hardened up to 484 HV with mixed alumina ceramic (KY1615) and coated alumina…

263

Abstract

This paper presents a study of the development of surface roughness model when turning the mild steel hardened up to 484 HV with mixed alumina ceramic (KY1615) and coated alumina ceramic cutting tools (KY4400). The model was developed in terms of main cutting parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut, using response surface methodology. The established equation indicated that the feed rate affected the surface roughness the most, but other parametres remined stable for arithmetic average height parametre (Ra). However, it decreased with increasing the cutting speed, and with the starting and finishing point of cut for ten point height parametre (Rz). The cutting speed and the depth of cut had a slight effect on surface roughness values of Ra, Rz when using KY4400 cutting tools. Furthermore, the average surface roughness value of Ra was about 0.926 um, 1.089 um for KY1615, KY4400 cutting tools, respectively. The predicted surface roughness was found to be very close to experimentally observed ones at 95% confidence level. Moreover, analysis of variance indicated that squares terms were significant but interaction terms were insignificant for both cutting tools.

Details

Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures, vol. 4 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1573-6105

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Article
Publication date: 21 January 2022

Theodoros Zygiridis and Nikolaos Kantartzis

The computational accuracy and performance of finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) methods are affected by the implementation of approximating derivative formulae in diverse ways…

79

Abstract

Purpose

The computational accuracy and performance of finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) methods are affected by the implementation of approximating derivative formulae in diverse ways. This study aims to focus on FDTD models featuring material dispersion with negligible losses and investigates two specific aspects that, until today, are usually examined in the context of non-dispersive media only. These aspects pertain to certain abnormal characteristics of coarsely resolved electromagnetic waves and the selection of the proper time-step size, in the case of a high-order discretization scheme.

Design/methodology/approach

Considering a Lorentz medium with negligible losses, the propagation characteristics of coarsely resolved waves is examined first, by investigating thoroughly the numerical dispersion relation of a typical discretization scheme. The second part of the study is related to the unbalanced space-time errors in FDTD schemes with dissimilar space-time approximation orders. The authors propose a remedy via the suitable choice of the time-step size, based on the single-frequency minimization of an error expression extracted, again, from the scheme’s numerical dispersion formula.

Findings

Unlike wave propagation in free space, there exist two parts of the frequency spectrum where waves in a Lorentz medium experience non-physical attenuation and display non-changing propagation constants, due to coarse discretization. The authors also show that an optimum time-step size can be determined, in the case of the (2,4) FDTD scheme, which minimizes the selected error formula at a specific frequency point, promoting more efficient implementations.

Originality/value

Unique characteristics displayed by discretized waves, which have been known for non-dispersive media, are examined and verified for the first time in the case of dispersive materials, thus completing the comprehension of the space-time discretization impact on simulated quantities. In addition, the closed-form formula of the optimum time-step enables the efficient implementation of the (2,4) FDTD method, minimizing the detrimental influence of the low-order temporal integration.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering , vol. 41 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

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Article
Publication date: 11 August 2021

Wienand Kölle, Matthias Buchholz and Oliver Musshoff

Satellite-based weather index insurance has recently been considered in order to reduce the high basis risk of station-based weather index insurance. However, the use of satellite…

235

Abstract

Purpose

Satellite-based weather index insurance has recently been considered in order to reduce the high basis risk of station-based weather index insurance. However, the use of satellite data with a relatively low spatial resolution has not yet made it possible to determine the satellite indices free of disturbing landscape elements such as mountains, forests and lakes.

Design/methodology/approach

In this context, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used based on both Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) (250 × 250 m) and high-resolution Landsat 5/8 (30 × 30 m) images to investigate the effect of a higher spatial resolution of satellite-based weather index contracts for hedging winter wheat yields. For three farms in north-east Germany, insurance contracts both at field and farm level were designed.

Findings

The results indicate that with an increasing spatial resolution of satellite data, the basis risk of satellite-based weather index insurance contracts can be reduced. However, the results also show that the design of NDVI-based insurance contracts at farm level also reduces the basis risk compared to field level. The study shows that higher-resolution satellite data are advantageous, whereas satellite indices at field level do not reduce the basis risk.

Originality/value

To the best of the author’s knowledge, the effect of increasing spatial resolution of satellite images for satellite-based weather index insurance is investigated for the first time at the field level compared to the farm level.

Details

Agricultural Finance Review, vol. 82 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0002-1466

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Article
Publication date: 11 May 2010

A. Bouquet, C. Dedeban and S. Piperno

The use of the prominent finite difference time‐domain (FDTD) method for the time‐domain solution of electromagnetic wave propagation past devices with small geometrical details…

683

Abstract

Purpose

The use of the prominent finite difference time‐domain (FDTD) method for the time‐domain solution of electromagnetic wave propagation past devices with small geometrical details can require very fine grids and can lead to unmanageable computational time and storage. The purpose of this paper is to extend the analysis of a discontinuous Galerkin time‐domain (DGTD) method (able to handle possibly non‐conforming locally refined grids, based on portions of Cartesian grids) and investigate the use of perfectly matched layer regions and the coupling with a fictitious domain approach. The use of a DGTD method with a locally refined, non‐conforming mesh can help focusing on these small details. In this paper, the adaptation to the DGTD method of the fictitious domain approach initially developed for the FDTD is considered, in order to avoid the use of a volume mesh fitting the geometry near the details.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on a DGTD method, a fictitious domain approach is developed to deal with complex and small geometrical details.

Findings

The fictitious domain approach is a very interesting complement to the FDTD method, since it makes it possible to handle complex geometries. However, the fictitious domain approach requires small volume elements, thus making the use of the FDTD on wide, regular, fine grids often unmanageable. The DGTD method has the ability to handle easily locally refined grids and the paper shows it can be coupled to a fictitious domain approach.

Research limitations/implications

Although the stability and dispersion analysis of the DGTD method is complete, the theoretical analysis of the fictitious domain approach in the DGTD context is not. It is a subject of further investigation (which could provide important insights for potential improvements).

Originality/value

This is believed to be the first time a DGTD method is coupled with a fictitious domain approach.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, vol. 29 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

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Article
Publication date: 10 October 2016

Gururaj Upadhyaya and Subrahmanya Bhat

The purpose of this paper is to examine the interactive nature/mutual influence (MI) among quality initiatives (QI) and quality awards (QA) in Indian organizations subject to…

316

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the interactive nature/mutual influence (MI) among quality initiatives (QI) and quality awards (QA) in Indian organizations subject to three contingencies, namely, QA won, QI adopted before winning a QA and QI adopted after winning a QA.

Design/methodology/approach

Administration of survey to collect the data were followed by validity and reliability analyses of the instrument. Hypotheses were tested by parametric/non-parametric one-sample and independent-samples tests.

Findings

The inferences on the effect of contingencies on the MI were inconclusive. Eight QI adopted before winning the QA, have influenced four such Indian QA. Three Indian QA have influenced four QI that were adopted after winning these QA. However, this MI is independent of specific QI adopted/QA won.

Research limitations/implications

The approach to test the hypotheses, small sample size and generic research questions have led to “preliminary” recommendations/inferences. Further research with larger data and advanced methods for analysis of interaction is suggested.

Practical implications

Based on clarity of MI, preliminary recommendations for adopting some QI before/after winning a QA were made. The way in which these recommendations can be used by experienced and fresh adopters of QI/QA and givers of QA has been outlined.

Originality/value

This study attempts to fill the gap of scarce holistic studies (that evaluate numerous QI and QA models) on the interactive nature of QI and the dissemination of QI into different periods of Continuous Improvement journey.

Details

The TQM Journal, vol. 28 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1754-2731

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Article
Publication date: 3 December 2024

Nasrollah Alinejad, Sungmoon Jung, Jinglun Cai and Xiuwen Liu

The wind loading on a building is likely to deviate further from the known wind loading due to the complexity of the real-world land coverage. To address this issue, research is…

30

Abstract

Purpose

The wind loading on a building is likely to deviate further from the known wind loading due to the complexity of the real-world land coverage. To address this issue, research is needed in two separate areas. First, wind tunnel testing needs to be conducted for more complex terrains. Second, research is needed to classify real-world land coverage with high accuracy, specifically for wind engineering applications. This paper deals with this second area of research. The machine learning-based land cover prediction is a promising technique because it can remove subjectivity in human interpretation of upwind terrain.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper presents a new deep neural network for land coverage prediction that can distinguish low- and mid-rise buildings in the built environment to enhance the estimation of surface roughness necessary in wind engineering. For the dataset, Landsat 8 satellite images were used. A patch-based convolutional neural network was employed and improved. The network predicted the land coverage at the center of the patch. Two different label schemes were used where the proposed network either achieved better accuracy than the conventional model or recognized additional building types while maintaining a similar level of accuracy.

Findings

Compared to the validation accuracy of 78% in a previous study, the proposed method achieved the validation accuracy of 90% thanks to the improvements made in this study as well as the consolidation of labels with similar surface roughness. When additional building categories were added, the validation decreased to 80%, which is comparable to the previous study but is now able to predict different building types.

Originality/value

The improvement of the proposed method will depend on the site characteristics. For the sites tested in this paper, the error reduction in wind speed and pressure was up to about 55%. In addition to more accurate wind speed and pressure, better identification of buildings will benefit wind engineering research, as different building types cause different downwind effects. An example application would be automated recognition of areas that have a certain distance from the target building type to identify downwind areas affected by high winds.

Details

Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2046-6099

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