Ebtsam Abdelmowla Ahmed, Galal Elgemeie and Kawther Abd-Elzaher Ahmed
This study aims to represent a successful simple method for the synthesis of some novel dyes based on thiazole derivatives and their applications in textile printing.
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to represent a successful simple method for the synthesis of some novel dyes based on thiazole derivatives and their applications in textile printing.
Design/methodology/approach
2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylmethyl)thiazol-4(5H)-one compound is prepared by convention heating and microwave technique then used as a coupling agent, which reacts with different diazonium Salt to form diazo dyes.
Findings
The synthesized diazo dyes are confirmed via spectral data (IR,1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and Mass spectra). The dyes are used to print polyester fabric. The obtained results clarified that the prints have good color strength, brilliant color and highly durable antibacterial activity.
Originality/value
The authors designed efficient synthesis for some novel thiazolone dyes. The novel procedure features short-reaction time, very good yields and a simple workup. The authors studied the antibacterial activity and their application in printing polyester fabrics.
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G.H. Elgemeie, K.A. Ahmed, E.A. Ahmed, M.H. Helal and D.M. Masoud
The purpose of this study is to successfully implement microwave irradiation for the rapid synthesis of novel fluorescent dyes. The prepared dyes are then applied for printing of…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to successfully implement microwave irradiation for the rapid synthesis of novel fluorescent dyes. The prepared dyes are then applied for printing of polyester and polyamide by silk screen printing process.
Design/methodology/approach
A series of new N′-(methylene)-2-imino-2H-chromene-3-carbohydrazide derivatives 3a–r were synthesised in excellent yield and high atom economy by the Knoevenagel condensation of salicylaldehyde derivatives 1 and cyano-N′-methyleneaceto-hydrazide derivatives 2 in the presence of piperidine catalyst. The optical properties of the synthesised compounds were recorded; all of the compounds were found to be fluorescent in 1, 4-dioxane solution; they all emitted blue light (440-460 nm). This work shows that the optical properties strongly depend on the nature of the substituent, and indicate which type of substituent is favourable for a given application. It confirms that iminocoumarin derivatives could lead to a new generation of fluorescent probes, prone to easy modification of their chemical structure. These synthesised dyes are used to print polyester and polyamide fabrics using synthetic thickener in the printing paste for silk screen technique.
Findings
The structures of synthesised dyes were established and confirmed for the reaction products on the basis of their elemental analysis and spectral data (MS, IR and 1H-NMR). The suitability of the prepared dyestuffs for traditional printing on polyester and polyamide fabrics has been investigated. The prints obtained using the synthesised dyes were found to possess high colour strength and excellent overall fastness properties but relatively low light fastness.
Research limitations/implications
The synthesised fluorescent dyes were prepared by a simple reaction process in microwave. The optical properties for obtained dyes show include the fact that it will have various important applications. In addition, they were used for printing synthetic fabrics and were found to have good results.
Practical implications
The new fluorescent dyes’ system has excellent printing properties. Also they are superior in terms of yield, purity, colour strength and fastness properties which may lend them valuable commercial production.
Originality/value
The result of this work aimed to define the scope and limitation of the procedures for the synthesis of novel iminocoumarin dyes via a simple and economic way.
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Galal H. Elgemeie, Maher H. Helal and Kawther A. Ahmed
Several new condensed carbocyclic arylazopyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine derivatives were obtained from 4‐arylazo‐3,5‐diaminopyrazoles as starting components. The application and dye…
Abstract
Several new condensed carbocyclic arylazopyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine derivatives were obtained from 4‐arylazo‐3,5‐diaminopyrazoles as starting components. The application and dye characteristics for the synthesized dyes are demonstrated.
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Galal H. Elgemeie, Maher H. Helal, Emam M. Abbas and Ebtissam A. Abdel Mowla
Several new pyridine‐2(1H)‐thione and thieno[2,3‐b]pyridine derivatives containing an arylazo function were obtained. The application and characteristics for the synthesised dyes…
Abstract
Several new pyridine‐2(1H)‐thione and thieno[2,3‐b]pyridine derivatives containing an arylazo function were obtained. The application and characteristics for the synthesised dyes are demonstrated.
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M.A. El‐Kashouti, G.H. Elgemeie, M.M El‐Molla, H.S. El‐Sayad and K.A.E. Ahmed
To synthesize some new heterocyclic disperse azo dyes and their utilization in textile printing.
Abstract
Purpose
To synthesize some new heterocyclic disperse azo dyes and their utilization in textile printing.
Design/methodology/approach
To prepare 1‐cayno‐1‐substituted aryl azo‐2‐methyl benzothiazole by the reaction of 2‐aminothiophenol with malononitrile and the end product coupled with different diazonium salts. The prepared dyestuffs are established using element analysis, IR measurements, 1H‐NMR and Mass spectra. Printing pastes containing the prepared dyestuffs and a thickener were used for printing polyester and/or nylon 6 using either transfer printing or traditional printing.
Findings
New selected arylazo cyanomethyl benzothiazole dyes were obtained from the reaction of diazotized aniline derivatives with 2‐cyanomethyl benzothiazole as a coupling component. The suitability of the prepared dyestuffs for either heat transfer printing or traditional printing on polyester and nylon 6 fabrics has been investigated. The prints obtained from dyes containing non polar groups which have sublimation properties possess high colour strength as well as good overall fastness properties if compared to those obtained using dyes containing polar groups.
Research limitations/implications
The new heterocyclic disperse azo dyes were prepared from 2‐cyanomethylbenzothiazole and were utilized in preparing pastes for textile printing to print polyester and nylon 6 fabrics. In addition, the variation in substituents on the synthesized dyes could also be studied.
Practical implications
The method of synthesis of the new dyestuffs provides a simple and practical solution to prepare some new heterocyclic disperse azo dyes with low molecular weight, suitable for sublimation in heat transfer printing methods.
Originality/value
The methods for synthesis of the new heterocyclic disperse azo dyes are simple. These dyestuffs could be used in textile printing of polyester and nylon 6 on an industrial scale.
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Keywords
M.A. El‐Kashouti, M.M. El Molla, H.S. Elsayad, K.A. Ahmed, M.H. Helal and G.H. Elgemeie
To synthesise several new pyridine‐2(1H)thione containing an arylazo function and their applications in textile printing.
Abstract
Purpose
To synthesise several new pyridine‐2(1H)thione containing an arylazo function and their applications in textile printing.
Design/methodology/approach
To prepare substituted 5‐arylazopyridine‐2(1H)thione by the coupling of diazonium salts of aniline derivatives with dibenzoyl methane (1,3‐diphenyl‐1,3‐propanedione) to form arylhydrazone of dibenzoylmethane which react with cyanothioacetamide in boiling ethanolic sodium ethoxide to yield the 5‐arylazo‐2(1H)‐pyridinethione derivatives. The printing properties by screen printing or transfer printing technique of these dyes are reported by using sodium alginate as thickening agent.
Findings
The structure of 5‐arylazopyridine‐2(1H)thione dyes were established and confirm for the reaction products on the basis of their element analysis and spectral data (MS, IR and 1H‐NMR). The suitability of the prepared dyestuffs for either heat transfer printing or traditional printing on polyester and nylon 6 fabrics has been investigated. The prints obtained from dyes possess high‐colour strength as well as good overall fastness properties.
Research limitations/implications
Synthesis of azo dyes containing pyridinethiole moiety has never been reported in textile printing.
Practical implications
Production of simple and less costly dyes.
Originality/value
5‐arylazo pyridine‐2(1H)thione, the result of our work aimed to define the scope of and limitation of our procedures for the synthesis of novel 5‐arylazopyridine‐2(1H)thione.
Galal H. Elgemeie, Magdy K. Zahran, Emam M. Abbas and Ebtissam A. Abdel Mowla
Several new methylsulfanylpyrazolopyrimidines and methylsulfanylpyrazolotriazine derivatives containing an arylazo function were obtained. The application and characteristics for…
Abstract
Several new methylsulfanylpyrazolopyrimidines and methylsulfanylpyrazolotriazine derivatives containing an arylazo function were obtained. The application and characteristics for the synthesised dyes are demonstrated.
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Keywords
M.H. Helal, G.H. Elgemeie, M.A. El‐kashouti, M.M. ElMolla, H.S. Elsayad and K.A. Ahmed
The purpose of this paper is to synthesise some disperse dyes containing a reactive group and study their applications on polyamide and wool printing by heat transfer and screen…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to synthesise some disperse dyes containing a reactive group and study their applications on polyamide and wool printing by heat transfer and screen printing.
Design/methodology/approach
To prepare these dyes, arylhydrazones of acetylacetone were reacted with cyanothioacetamide in boiling ethanolic sodium ethoxide. The resultant salt was collected by filtration and dried, then the salt was dissolved in ethanol and reacted with chloroacetylchloride with stirring for 3 h, where chloroacetylechloride was added dropwise. The final precipitated product was collected by filtration and crystallised with an appropriate solvent. These prepared dyes were used to print polyamide and wool fabrics by using synthetic thickener in the printing paste for all techniques.
Findings
The structure of the synthesised dyes were established and confirmed for the reaction products on the basis of their elemental analysis and spectral data (MS, IR and 1H‐NMR). The suitability of the prepared dyestuffs for either heat transfer printing or traditional printing on nylon 6 and wool fabrics was investigated. The prints obtained from dyes possess high‐colour strength as well as excellent overall fastness properties.
Research limitations/implications
The synthesised heterocyclic reactive disperse azo dyes were prepared from the reaction of arylhydrazones of acetylacetone and thiocyanoacetamide to form the corresponding pyridinethione salts which underwent further reaction with chloroacetylchloride. The obtained dyes were utilised in preparing a paste for polyamide and wool fabric printing. In addition, both of the variation of the substituents on the synthesised dyes and the fastness properties were also studied.
Practical implications
The synthesis and use of reactive disperse dyes provide practical solution to over come the low fastness on polyamide and wool, when they are printed with disperse dyes only.
Originality/value
The result of the work aimed to define the scope and limitation of the authors' procedures for the synthesis of novel reactive disperse azo dyes to improve the low‐fastness properties of polyamide and wool, the dyes were synthesised in a simple way.
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M.H. Helal, G.H. Elgemeie, M.A. El‐kashouti and K.A. El‐zaher Ahmed
The purpose of this paper is to synthesise new heterocyclic disperse azo dyes based on benzothiazapine moiety and their printability on synthetic fabrics.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to synthesise new heterocyclic disperse azo dyes based on benzothiazapine moiety and their printability on synthetic fabrics.
Design/methodology/approach
Ethyl cyanoacetate was refluxed with aniline derivatives for 3 h to form cyanoacetanilides which coupled with different diazonium salts. The products obtained were cyclised with 2‐amino thiophenol to form arylazo benzothiazapine derivatives. The structures of the new dyes were characterised by micro‐analysis as well as IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. Printing pastes containing the dyestuffs prepared and thickened with sodium alginate were used for printing synthetic fabrics using either transfer printing or traditional screen printing.
Findings
New heterocyclic monoazo dyes derived from benzothiazabine moiety were obtained by the coupling of diazotised aniline derivatives with ethylcyanoacetate anilides followed by cyclisation with 2‐amino thiophenol. The use of synthesised dyes for transfer‐ or screen‐printing polyester and nylon 6 fabrics has been studied. The synthesised dyes which contain electron withdrawing substituents (NO2) in the phenyl ring attached to the azo groups and electron‐donating (OCH3) group on the other phenyl ring exert a bathochromic effect.
Research limitations/implications
Synthesis of azo dyes containing benzothiazapine moiety has never been reported in textile printing.
Practical implications
Production of simple and less costly dyes.
Originality/value
Synthesis of aryl azo benzothiazapine dyes by a simple method and application in printing of synthetic fabrics.
Details
Keywords
M.H. Helal, G.H. Elgemeie and D.M. Masoud
This paper aims to synthesize some new heterocyclic disperse azo dyes and their application in dyeing of polyester and polyamide fabrics.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to synthesize some new heterocyclic disperse azo dyes and their application in dyeing of polyester and polyamide fabrics.
Design/methodology/approach
Pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives containing arylazo function by the reaction of 3,5‐ diaminopyrazole with ketene dithioacetals were prepared. The prepared dyestuffs are established using elemental analysis, IR measurements, 1H‐NMR and Mass spectra.
Findings
2,5‐diamino‐3‐arylazo‐N‐aryl‐6‐carboxamide‐7‐methylthio‐pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine have been synthesized by the simple method. The dyed fabrics have a very good (4‐5) to excellent (5) results toward washing, perspiration, and rubbing fastness properties. The dyes are superior in terms of preparation and fastness properties.
Research limitations/implications
The disperse azo dyes used in this paper were synthesized via a step‐wise pathway leading to the new azo dyes. In addition, the variations in substituents and sites of location on the heterocyclic moiety could also be studied.
Practical implications
The new azo dye systems based on substituted pyrazolopyrimidine provided a series of azo dyes with improved dyeing properties. The dyes are superior in terms of yield, purity, colour strength, and fastness properties and will lead to valuable achievements for commercial production.
Originality/value
The synthesized disperse azo dyes are superior in terms of preparation, yield, purity, and fastness properties.