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Article
Publication date: 1 July 1974

G.G. Campbell, G.G. Schurr and D.E. Slawikowski

In this study, research was concerned primarily with the development of test methods that are sufficiently sensitive to detect the initial degradation of selected exterior…

30

Abstract

In this study, research was concerned primarily with the development of test methods that are sufficiently sensitive to detect the initial degradation of selected exterior coatings exposed to various pollutant‐containing environments. The test methods employed in generating dose response data included erosion rates, attenuated total reflectance (ATR), gloss and sheen, surface roughness, tensile strength and scanning election microscopy. Five commercially important paint systems were selected for characterizations including an oil house paint, latex coating, an alkyd industrial maintenance coating, a coil coating and an automotive refinish lacquer. The properties of the coating systems were determined periodically consequent to ‘short term’ exposure at four exterior locations and to various pollutant‐containing environments under controlled, but accelerated conditions in an Atlas Xenon Arc Weather‐Ometer® Model 600WR12. The test sites for the former ‘short term’ exterior study were located at Leeds (north central), North Dakota; Los Angeles, California; Chicago (Research Center), Illinois and Valparaiso, Indiana. These sites represent a ‘clean’ rural environment, a high O3 environment, a high SO2 environment, and a relatively high O3 environment plus a moderate SO2 environment, respectively. In the accelerated laboratory exposure study, five enenvironmental pollutant conditions were employed in the Weather‐Ometer including a zero pollutant, 0·1ppm and 1·0ppm SO2 and 0·1ppm or 1·0ppm O3 level. The zero pollutant condition represents the control (clean air) with 0·1 ppm of each pollutant type considered representative of the levels frequently reached in polluted cities. The 1·0ppm levels represent a highly polluted (industrial) site.

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Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 3 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

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Book part
Publication date: 13 August 2014

Elina Pernu, Tuija Mainela and Vesa Puhakka

The present study approaches multinational corporations as internal networks that are constantly newly organized on the basis of relationships, operations, activities, and tasks…

Abstract

The present study approaches multinational corporations as internal networks that are constantly newly organized on the basis of relationships, operations, activities, and tasks at hand. It combines MNCs-as-networks view with the research on supplier–customer relationship development to conceptualize the relational dynamics in the MNCs. The dynamics are seen created as the interplay of organizing within internal networks and managing of the global customer relationships. Through an empirical study on a project business MNC and analysis of the events in its global customer relationship the study defines strategies of political compromising in MNC internal networks.

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Orchestration of the Global Network Organization
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78350-953-9

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Article
Publication date: 2 August 2011

Jesús J. Cambra‐Fierro and Yolanda Polo‐Redondo

This article seeks to analyze the concept of the long‐term orientation of relationships in the supply chain (SC). This research aims to study interactions between satisfaction and…

1481

Abstract

Purpose

This article seeks to analyze the concept of the long‐term orientation of relationships in the supply chain (SC). This research aims to study interactions between satisfaction and commitment with the relational perspective of firm‐supplier relationships.

Design/methodology/approach

The establishment of a “post‐satisfaction” framework is necessary. A model based on structural equations is used to test the set of hypotheses.

Findings

The findings show that cooperation, communication, satisfaction, proved trust and commitment explain the long‐term orientation of the relationships in the SC.

Research limitations/implications

This research only considers the buyer's perspective. The article considers some implications relating to different profiles of trust.

Practical implications

The article includes several implications about how to communicate with customers and suppliers, how to cooperate with customers and suppliers, why buyers trust suppliers, how buyers perceive satisfaction, and how buyers commit to suppliers.

Originality/value

This research, based on its “post‐satisfaction” approach, aims to complete the framework proposed by Cambra and Polo. Ideas related to the evolution of trust (“previous” vs “proved” trust) are discussed.

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Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, vol. 26 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0885-8624

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Article
Publication date: 14 February 2018

Afzaal Ali, Guo Xiaoling, Mehkar Sherwani and Adnan Ali

The purpose of this paper is to apply the concept of traditional branding constructs – brand image, brand satisfaction, brand trust and brand loyalty to an unexplored field of…

6284

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to apply the concept of traditional branding constructs – brand image, brand satisfaction, brand trust and brand loyalty to an unexplored field of Halal products – Halal brand image, Halal brand satisfaction, Halal brand trust and Halal brand loyalty. In addition, this study seeks to elaborate the relationships among brand perceived quality, Halal brand image, Halal brand satisfaction, and Halal brand trust, Halal brand loyalty and consumer purchase intention.

Design/methodology/approach

A theoretical model with hypothesised relationships is developed and tested with the help of structural equation modelling procedure in AMOS. This research used the questionnaire survey method to collect data from 347 consumers in Pakistan who had the experience of purchasing Halal milk brand.

Findings

The empirical results suggest that perceived brand quality has a significant and positive influence on the Halal brand image, Halal brand satisfaction, Halal brand trust, Halal brand loyalty and purchase intention. Similarly, the Halal brand image, Halal brand satisfaction, Halal brand trust and Halal brand loyalty significantly influence consumer Halal brand purchase intention.

Research limitations/implications

The Muslim population is growing in many parts of the world, including non-Muslim countries. Although this study’s focus is limited to Pakistani Muslims, findings related to the effects of brand perceived quality, Halal brand image, Halal brand satisfaction, and Halal brand trust and Halal brand loyalty on intentions may not be equally valid for Muslim consumers in others Muslim and non-Muslim countries and for other types of products.

Practical implications

The findings indicate that ignoring the important quality elements of a brand could be costly to marketers who failed to realise the importance of traditional brand attributes whilst embracing Halal brand marketing initiatives. In addition, Halal branding can allow the businesses to access to new markets, to enjoy more competitive advantages and to increase their profitability by selling at higher prices with higher profit margins.

Originality/value

Although previous research has explored the relevant issues about brand image, brand satisfaction, brand trust and brand loyalty, none highlights these traditional constructs to an unexplored field of Halal products.

Details

Management Decision, vol. 56 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0025-1747

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Book part
Publication date: 28 March 2006

Inger Beate Pettersen and Aksel I. Rokkan

Research within the inter-organizational field has until recently focused on the formation and maintenance of business relationships, while less research has been directed toward…

Abstract

Research within the inter-organizational field has until recently focused on the formation and maintenance of business relationships, while less research has been directed toward the study of relationship ending. Lately, however, research on dissolution and related constructs, such as exit intention and switching has emerged (Halinen, Havila, & Tähtinen, 1999a; Prim-Allaz, 2000; Tähtinen & Havila, 2004; Vaaland, Haugland, & Purchase, 2004). Some literature focuses on the reasons and antecedents to relationship dissolution (Ping, 1999; Haugland, 1999; Wathne, Biong, & Heide, 2000), while other research investigates the process and consequences of relationship dissolution (Grønhaug, Henjesand, & Koveland, 1999; Giller & Matear, 2001; Alajoutsijärvi, Möller, & Tähtinen, 2000). Yet, few studies have investigated relationship dissolution in cross -national dyads. Specifically, the current research examines how supplier reps’ cultural knowledge, cultural adaptation and communication affect buyer tolerance of conflict in cross-national business relationships. The construct tolerance of conflict refers to the intention to discontinue the business relationship with the current partner given conflict situations. This construct is therefore conceptually close to exit intention; a construct frequently used in relationship dissolution studies (e.g. Ping, 1993,1995; Halinen & Tähtinen, 1999b).

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Relationship Between Exporters and Their Foreign Sales and Marketing Intermediaries
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-84950-397-6

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 2011

Timothy G. Hawkins and Jeffrey R. Cuskey

Alpha contracting is a collaborative effort between a buyer and supplier during contract formation to maximize efficiency and effectiveness. Collaborative efforts between the…

35

Abstract

Alpha contracting is a collaborative effort between a buyer and supplier during contract formation to maximize efficiency and effectiveness. Collaborative efforts between the United States Department of Defense and its suppliers have recently been scrutinized. Although several benefits of Alpha contracting are identified within the literature, the phenomenon is not ubiquitous nor is it well understood. Using the case study methodology, this research explores Alpha Contracting to define success and to identify its contributing factors. Additionally, this research identifies antecedents for and consequences of use, variations of the processes employed, and some misuse. The study culminates in the development of a conceptual model of collaborative pricing, and provides five recommendations for enhanced use.

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Journal of Public Procurement, vol. 11 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1535-0118

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Book part
Publication date: 4 September 2003

Robert B Woodruff and Daniel J Flint

In today’s markets, many organizations feel pressure to become more responsive to their customers. Managing your business to deliver superior value to targeted customers may…

Abstract

In today’s markets, many organizations feel pressure to become more responsive to their customers. Managing your business to deliver superior value to targeted customers may provide a strong avenue to improved performance. The route from value-based strategies to share holder value can be complicated, however. These strategies have the most direct impact on performance with your customers in the form of customer satisfaction, word of mouth and loyalty. Successful customer performance should translate into higher market performance, as evidenced by a supplier’s higher customer retention rates and sales. Finally, market performance provides the engine for increasing company performance or shareholder value. Attaining shareholder value through customer value strategies requires committing major management attention to how best to create, deliver and communicate superior value to targeted customers.

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Evaluating Marketing Actions and Outcomes
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-76231-046-3

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Book part
Publication date: 25 November 2024

Maria Hedlund and Erik Persson

The aim of this chapter is to explore the safety value of implementing Asimov's Laws of Robotics as a future general framework that humans should obey. Asimov formulated laws to…

Abstract

The aim of this chapter is to explore the safety value of implementing Asimov's Laws of Robotics as a future general framework that humans should obey. Asimov formulated laws to make explicit the safeguards of the robots in his stories: (1) A robot may not injure or harm a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm; (2) A robot must obey the orders given to it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law; (3) A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law. In Asimov's stories, it is always assumed that the laws are built into the robots to govern the behaviour of the robots. As his stories clearly demonstrate, the Laws can be ambiguous. Moreover, the laws are not very specific. General rules as a guide for robot behaviour may not be a very good method to achieve robot safety – if we expect the robots to follow them. But would it work for humans? In this chapter, we ask whether it would make as much, or more, sense to implement the laws in human legislation with the purpose of governing the behaviour of people or companies that develop, build, market or use AI, embodied in robots or in the form of software, now and in the future.

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The Ethics Gap in the Engineering of the Future
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83797-635-5

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Article
Publication date: 1 February 1979

P. Kresse

3.2. Water permeation without water accumulation at the pigment/binder interface From the anti‐corrosion point of view it is of course preferable to use pigments which do not…

27

Abstract

3.2. Water permeation without water accumulation at the pigment/binder interface From the anti‐corrosion point of view it is of course preferable to use pigments which do not accumulate water at the pigment/binder interface when the film is soaked with water. Then water permeation decreases with rising PVC; the anti‐corrosive action should reach an optimum close below (CPVC. In practice such a behaviour is not very often observed. Since there is nearly always a small amount of water accumulated at the pigment/binder interface, a decrease of the degree of corrosion with the PVC until nearly reaching the CPVC can very seldom be noticed.

Details

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 26 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0003-5599

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Article
Publication date: 1 May 1978

The author of the Paint Testing Manual: Physical and Chemical Examination of Paints, Varnishes, Lacquers, Dr. Henry A. Gardner, has been honoured post‐humously by the…

12

Abstract

The author of the Paint Testing Manual: Physical and Chemical Examination of Paints, Varnishes, Lacquers, Dr. Henry A. Gardner, has been honoured post‐humously by the establishment of the Henry A. Gardner Award by Committee D‐1 on Paint and Related Coatings and Materials of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 7 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

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