D. Jayaperumal, S. Muralidharan, P. Subramanian, G. Venkatachari and S. Senthilvel
The inhibition effect of propargyl alcohol on the acidic corrosion of mild steel in 5 per cent commercial hydrochloric acid was studied at different temperatures by mass loss…
Abstract
The inhibition effect of propargyl alcohol on the acidic corrosion of mild steel in 5 per cent commercial hydrochloric acid was studied at different temperatures by mass loss measurements and polarization studies. Corrosion potential and corrosion current have been calculated in the presence and in the absence of inhibitor. The inhibitor efficiency increases with increase in concentration and it decreases with rise in temperature. The interrelationship between the surface coverage and concentration of the inhibitor was also studied. It has been found that the inhibitor obeys Temkin adsorption isotherm.
S. Palraj, G. Venkatachari and G. Subramanian
The bio‐fouling and corrosion characteristics of 60/40 brass were investigated in the Palk Bay waters of the Mandapam Coast, India, over a period of a year. The experimental…
Abstract
The bio‐fouling and corrosion characteristics of 60/40 brass were investigated in the Palk Bay waters of the Mandapam Coast, India, over a period of a year. The experimental methods included corrosion rate by weight loss measurement and analysis of the corrosion product by X‐ray diffraction. The bio‐fouling characteristics of 60/40 brass were studied in terms of seasonality of recruitment of organisms and quantification of the fouling community development pattern. The XRD analysis of the products on brass threw more light on the protective nature of the compounds formed and their impact on the overall corrosion rate of the material. The organisms found in fouling deposits on brass included algae, bryozoans and hydroids. The results of the study are discussed in the light of the sea‐water characteristics and monsoonal effects.
D. Jayaperumal, S. Muralidharan, G. Venkatachari and N.S. Rengaswamy
Acidization is one of the most important techniques to increase the productivity of crude petroleum oil and gas wells. The effective way for protecting these oil well tubular…
Abstract
Acidization is one of the most important techniques to increase the productivity of crude petroleum oil and gas wells. The effective way for protecting these oil well tubular materials is by using corrosion inhibitors during the acidization process. The present study deals with the evaluation of inhibition effect of ethanolamines on oil well tubular materials of grade N‐80 steel in 15 per cent hydrochloric acid at room temperature with 0‐2 per cent amine concentrations. The amines such as mono, di and triethanolamine were studied for their inhibiting capacity by mass loss method, DC polarization method and AC Impedance method. The inhibitor efficiency increases with increasing concentration of amines. Monoethanolamine is found to be more effective than the other two amines.
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M. Vishnudevan, G. Venkatachari, S. Muralidharan and N.S. Rengaswamy
The corrosion behaviour of Inconel 600 and 601 alloys has been evaluated by DC polarisation method in orthophosphoric acid solution of concentrations 0.5N to 15N. The passivation…
Abstract
The corrosion behaviour of Inconel 600 and 601 alloys has been evaluated by DC polarisation method in orthophosphoric acid solution of concentrations 0.5N to 15N. The passivation range from + 200mV to + 800mV has been observed for 601 alloy. In the case of Inconel 600 a less passivation range in comparison with Inconel 601 is observed. In addition, the passivation current has been found to be higher than that of 601 alloy. Tafel polarisation study indicates that Inconel 601 alloy is more corrosion resistant than Inconel 600.
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S. Mohanan, S. Maruthamuthu, A. Mani and G. Venkatachari
Reports on corrosion and microfouling analyses carried out in natural pondwater using mild steel under static condition. Corrosion rates were measured at regular intervals by…
Abstract
Reports on corrosion and microfouling analyses carried out in natural pondwater using mild steel under static condition. Corrosion rates were measured at regular intervals by weight loss and polarization techniques. The corrosion rate obtained by weight loss measurement was found to be less in the biotic system, but corrosion current obtained by polarization studies was higher in the biotic than abiotic system. Surface analysis by x‐ray diffraction indicates that bacteria with organic nutrients inhabited the corrosion to formation of surface film.
Vinh Nhat Lu, Jochen Wirtz, Werner H. Kunz, Stefanie Paluch, Thorsten Gruber, Antje Martins and Paul G. Patterson
Robots are predicted to have a profound impact on the service sector. The emergence of robots has attracted increasing interest from business scholars and practitioners alike. In…
Abstract
Purpose
Robots are predicted to have a profound impact on the service sector. The emergence of robots has attracted increasing interest from business scholars and practitioners alike. In this article, we undertake a systematic review of the business literature about the impact of service robots on customers and employees with the objective of guiding future research.
Design/methodology/approach
We analyzed the literature on service robots as they relate to customers and employees in business journals listed in the Financial Times top 50 journals plus all journals covered in the cross-disciplinary SERVSIG literature alerts.
Findings
The analysis of the identified studies yielded multiple observations about the impact of service robots on customers (e.g. overarching frameworks on acceptance and usage of service robots; characteristics of service robots and anthropomorphism; and potential for enhanced and deteriorated service experiences) and service employees (e.g. employee benefits such as reduced routine work, enhanced productivity and job satisfaction; potential negative consequences such as loss of autonomy and a range of negative psychological outcomes; opportunities for human–robot collaboration; job insecurity; and robot-related up-skilling and development requirements). We also conclude that current research on service robots is fragmented, is largely conceptual in nature and focused on the initial adoption stage. We feel that more research is needed to build an overarching theory. In addition, more empirical research is needed, especially on the long(er)-term usage service robots on actual behaviors, the well-being and potential downsides and (ethical) risks for customers and service employees.
Research limitations/implications
Our review focused on the business and service literature. Future work may want to include additional literature streams, including those in computer science, engineering and information systems.
Originality/value
This article is the first to synthesize the business and service literature on the impact of service robots on customers and employees.
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C. Jeyaprabha, S. Muralidharan and G. Venkatachari
Nickel alloys are widely used as constructional materials in chemical processing industries. They are very resistant to pitting and crevice corrosion. In the present work, the…
Abstract
Nickel alloys are widely used as constructional materials in chemical processing industries. They are very resistant to pitting and crevice corrosion. In the present work, the corrosion behaviour of Monel in phosphoric acid of different concentrations has been studied by weight loss and electrochemical methods. It has been observed from the polarization studies that the passivation range slightly varies with H3PO4 concentration. The nature of the passive film has been investigated using the electrochemical impedance method.
C. Jeyaprabha, S. Muralidharan, D. Jayaperumal, G. Venkatachari and N.S. Rengaswamy
To reduce the corrosion of oil‐ and gas‐well equipment during acid treatment, the acid must be inhibited. The behaviour of N‐80 oilfield material in 15 per cent hydrochloric acid…
Abstract
To reduce the corrosion of oil‐ and gas‐well equipment during acid treatment, the acid must be inhibited. The behaviour of N‐80 oilfield material in 15 per cent hydrochloric acid solution inhibited by different inhibitor formulations containing amine, ester and a quaternary ammonium compound was studied at 303K for five hours by the mass loss method. The corrosion rates were obtained by polarisation. Impedance studies were carried out to evaluate the performance of the inhibitor formulations. It was found that the formulation containing 3,000ppm amine, 1,000ppm ester and 1,000ppm quaternary ammonium compound was effective for the specific oil‐well tubular material.
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P. Narmada, M. Venkateswara Rao, G. Venkatachari and B.V. Appa Rao
To develop a new corrosion inhibitor formulation for carbon steel in low chloride environments.
Abstract
Purpose
To develop a new corrosion inhibitor formulation for carbon steel in low chloride environments.
Design/methodology/approach
Corrosion inhibition efficiencies were evaluated by the weight loss method and by impedance measurement studies. The nature of the inhibition process was evaluated using potentiostatic polarization studies. The nature of the protective film was investigated using X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The concept of synergistic effect was used in the development of the new synergistic inhibitor formulation.
Findings
A new corrosion inhibitor formulation, containing tertiary butyl phosphonate (TBP), zinc ions and citrate, has been developed to control the corrosion of carbon steel in low chloride environments. This inhibitor formulation was found to offer a maximum inhibition efficiency of 96 per cent in a neutral pH test environment. It was interesting to observe that the binary system, consisting of higher concentrations of the TBP and zinc ions, offered only 79 per cent inhibition efficiency. The ternary system, consisting of relatively lower concentrations of the phosphonate, zinc ions and citrate offered a higher (96 per cent) efficiency. This ternary inhibitor system also was found to be efficient in acidic as well as basic environments in the pH range 5‐8. The inhibitor combination was determined to function as a “mixed”‐type inhibitor, though being predominantly cathodic. A plausible explanation of the mechanism of corrosion inhibition is proposed.
Practical implications
The ternary inhibitor formulations based on phosphonate, zinc ions and another environmentally friendly synergists like citrate will be quite useful for corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in cooling water systems as they contain relatively less concentrations of phosphonate and zinc ions.
Originality/value
The research paper presents the results of a new synergistic inhibitor formulation and also discusses the mechanistic aspects of corrosion inhibition.
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Gaia Rancati and Isabella Maggioni
Retailers are increasingly considering the introduction of service robots in their stores to support or even replace service staff. Service robots can execute service scripts…
Abstract
Purpose
Retailers are increasingly considering the introduction of service robots in their stores to support or even replace service staff. Service robots can execute service scripts during the service encounter that can influence customer interactions and the overall experience. While the role of service agents is well documented, more research is needed to understand customer responses to a technology-infused servicescape and to investigate the value of service robots as interaction partners. The purpose of this study is to examine the degree of customer immersion in human-human or human-robot interactions across different stages of the service experience and to understand how immersion affects store visit duration under each condition.
Design/methodology/approach
An experimental field study was developed to test the research hypotheses. The study was conducted in a retail store selling premium Italian leather goods with 50 respondents randomly allocated to one of two experimental conditions, interaction with a service robot or interaction with a human sales associate. Participants’ biometrics were collected to measure their immersion in the service encounter and to assess its impact on store visit duration.
Findings
The interaction with a service robot increases the level of customer immersion during the service encounter’s welcome and surprise moments. Immersion positively affects visit duration. However, participants exposed to a robot sales associate reported a shorter visit duration as compared to those who interacted with a human sales associate.
Originality/value
This study contributes to the emerging service and retail marketing literature on service robot applications applying a neuroscientific approach to the study of human–robot interactions across different moments of the service encounter. For managers, this study shows the conditions under which service robots can be successfully implemented in retail stores in accordance with the type of task performed and the degree of immersion generated in customers.