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The purpose of this paper is to propose a miniaturized tri-band bandstop filter that finds application in a modern dense communication system where size and multi-band plays a vital role.

In this paper, the authors propose a miniaturized tri-band microstrip bandstop filter which combines the conventional bandstop filter and spur microstrip line structures such that this design achieves tri-band operation at 1.8 GHz and 3 GHz. The overall length of the microstrip filter is found to reduce from 126 to 45 mm because of introduction of spur lines and via-hole grounding. The addition of spur lines replaces two resonators, introduces two additional resonant frequencies and enhances the −6 dB bandwidth of the center frequency by 14 %.The addition of via-holes in each resonator reduces its length into half of its original length, thereby reducing filter size.

Resonance occurs at three different frequencies 1.8, 2.4 and 3 GHz. The filter size reduces from 126 to 45 mm, and the −6 dB rejection bandwidth of center frequency improves by 14 %.

The overall filter size is reduced by 65% and it resonates at three different frequencies 1.8, 2.4 and 3 GHz with an improved bandwidth of 10 % around the center frequency.

In features based design systems that are underpinned by solid models, buildings are designed by applying features to the design domain. A feature may be translated and/or rotated in order to position it in the desired place. Contradiction between the applied features and resulting features may occur due to the features interaction, wrong positioning, or inadequate parameters supplied by the user during the product definition. Moreover, the application of other features may cause some features to degenerate to further features. Therefore, verification of the resulting features must be performed against the applied features to establish whether the resulting features conform to the underlying geometry. Current feature‐based design systems employ a mechanism of tagging feature labels onto geometry. This approach does not guarantee the geometric correctness of the resultant feature and knowledge of the topology of the resulting feature and a geometric analysis is necessary to correctly identify the validity of the resultant feature. The research reported in this paper proposes an alternative approach which uses a product model that permits all geometrical and technological information associated with the design and construction stages to be represented. Individual features can be extracted from the product model and analysed to determine their accessibility. Methods which use the product description and other construction data to determine feature validity, accessibility and machinability are used. Each volumetric feature corresponds to a solid that can be added by one or more construction process or removed by one or more machining operations; as a consequence of applying volumetric features, surface features are generated. These surface features provide enough information to enable the accessibility, and machinability of the individual features to be determined and establish the possible routes in which the feature can be accessed if any.

The main point of these analyses is to find out the skills and capabilities engineers should have in order to act successfully in the field of innovation.

The main approach is the identification of the profiles which are expected by the enterprises and companies from their engineers. The actual literature and scientific studies are screened in order to identify evidences for the characteristics of innovative engineers.

This study shows that professional, methodological, social, and personal competencies are important factors for innovation engineers in order to be successful in their professional life.

The final result of this analysis can be used as a guideline for universities and institutes of higher education to enrich their study courses in engineering with important elements of innovation engineering in order to fill the gap between the requested profiles of innovation engineers companies need and the profiles of university graduates.

New ventures contribute to the competitiveness of the United States in global markets, creating jobs and wealth. Understandably, public policy makers and researchers alike have shown an interest in understanding the factors that spur these ventures’ growth, which is also an important research issue in the field of entrepreneurship. Researchers have highlighted the role of owners’ needs and aspirations and industry conditions as determinants of new ventures’ growth. This study proposes that new ventures’ resource endowments influence their growth in domestic and international markets. Using the resource-based view (RBV) of the firm, the study examines the effect of select technological resources on the domestic and international sales growth of 419 new ventures. Start-ups (5 years or younger) benefit from using a different set of technological resources in achieving growth than those of adolescent firms (6–8 years old). These differences persist in low vs. high technology industries, reflecting the maturation of these ventures.

The industrial robot has now become accepted in almost every sector of manufacturing industry as this review of robot applications and specifications shows.

Purpose – The process of European integration presents an excellent opportunity for analyzing the social construction of society under modern conditions, and simultaneously for identifying a central pseudo-problem that has preoccupied sociologists, namely: how to define “society.” This attempt to link the sociology of European integration and the sociological theory of society must achieve two tasks: while the latter must explain how presupposing an unequivocal understanding of “society” is problematic, the former must provide a reference frame for evaluating empirical information about the practical use of the term, “society,” within actually existing societies.

Design/methodology/approach – Modern sociological thinking requires that we take seriously the roles and place of actors in society. As a consequence, sociology is obligated to engage in second-order observations. Sociology must observe how people observe and interpret society, and how such observations shape their actions.

Findings – Second-order observations directly influence the sociological use of the term “society”; yet sociology must not rely on a seemingly ready-made understanding of society. It is for this reason that the process of European integration is a stroke of luck for sociology. The process of European integration irritates sociological routines and offers rich empirical data, enabling us to analyze the social construction of a society empirically.

Research limitations/implications – As a sociological concept, “society” has different meanings depending on whether it is used for first-order observations or for second-order observations.

Originality value – The dialectics between institution building and action in the Euro crisis will spur a development quickly transcending the nation-state, concretizing in practice the well-known critique of “methodological nationalism.”

Novel ideas emerge from conversational interaction dynamics in meetings that are organizational practices of interaction. Drawing from meeting science with a focus on multiparty talk in meetings as communicative events, we refer to interaction dynamics as sequences of verbal statements. We explore patterns of verbal statements in idea generation processes in an explorative, inductive field study of ministerial think tank meetings. These are recurring agile meetings with interactive, free-flowing communication. By utilizing the validated, fine-grained act4teams coding scheme, we differentiate between task-related, procedural, and socio-emotional statements made in these meetings. Our findings show that the interactions within agile meetings are characterized by intensified turn-taking, overlapping speech, and joint heightened involvement. By means of lag sequential analysis, we find that novel ideas emerge from interaction cycles of task and socio-emotional statements. Among the latter, active listening expressed by “mm” or “yeah” is of particular importance for triggering novel ideas. As such, we reveal the micro-level emergence of novel ideas in conversational interaction by highlighting the facilitative function of active listening.

This chapter analyses the causes and effects of the financial crisis that commenced in 2008, and it examines the dramatic government rescues and reforms. The outcomes of this, the most severe collapse to befall the United States and the global economy for three-quarters of a century, are still unfolding. Banks, homeowners and industries stood to benefit from government intervention, particularly the huge infusion of taxpayer funds, but their future is uncertain. Instead of extending vital credit, banks simply kept the capital to cover other firm needs (including bonuses for executives). Industry in the prevailing slack economy was not actively seeking investment opportunities and credit expansion. The property and job markets languished behind securities market recovery. It all has been disheartening and scary – rage against those in charge fuelled gloom and cynicism. Immense private debt was a precursor, but public debt is the legacy we must resolve in the future.

Translated Abstracts of a Selection from the New Post‐war Series of Patents Granted in the German Federal Republic. The invention consists in the provision of the detonator fuse inside the fuselage connected with the explosive cap. The edge of the section of the fuselage (1) is stiffened by a rib (2) to which the strengthening frame (3) for the hood (4) is secured by rivets. Between the strengthening frame (3) and the fastening edge (5) for the hood (4) there is provided a closed detonator fuse (6) which is in connexion with an explosive cap (7) secured to the frame (2). The fuse (6) runs round the hood body (4) on the strengthening frame (3) in the fastening edge (5) above the securing rivets (4) for the hood (4). The explosive cap (7) is protected towards the inside of the fuselage (1) by a protecting wall (8) of armour plating. To the protecting wall (8) there is secured a housing (9) covered by a lid (10) which serves for the reception of the draw ring (11) for firing the explosive cap (7).

Policies aimed at intensifying innovation, and how they relate to industrial activities, is the major theme of this chapter. We build on Industrial Marketing and Purchasing (IMP) studies of innovation, as well as relational approaches to policy studies, to examine the means and goals of innovation policy. From the IMP literature, we take the notion that interaction in business relationships implies continuous learning and adaptations. From this perspective, investments in innovation are marginal in relation to existing patterns of investment, including those in business relationships. From policy studies, we take the view that policymaking and implementation should be treated as sets of interactions, whose outcomes are the effects of multiple and heterogeneous relationships. Based on these principles, we pursue three arguments: (1) Innovations are not primarily effects of innovation policies; (2) Policy-initiated innovation systems, clusters and networks do not necessarily intensify innovation; and (3) Innovation policies and their instruments produce tangible effects, although often in unexpected or unintended ways. We conclude the chapter with suggestions for research and for innovation policymaking.