Efrida Basri, Resa Martha, Ratih Damayanti, Istie Rahayu, Wayan Darmawan and Philippe Gérardin
The surface characteristics of thermally and chemically modified wood, such as surface roughness, surface free energy (SFE) and wettability, are important properties that…
Abstract
Purpose
The surface characteristics of thermally and chemically modified wood, such as surface roughness, surface free energy (SFE) and wettability, are important properties that influence further manufacturing processes such as gluing and coating. The aim of this paper was to determine the influence of the surface roughness of thermally and chemically modified teak wood on their SFE, wettability and bonding quality for water-based acrylic and solvent-based alkyd varnishes. In addition, durability against subterranean termites in the field of these modified teak woods was also investigated to give a valuable information for their further application.
Design/methodology/approach
The woods tested in this study were fast-growing teak woods that were prepared in untreated and treated with furfuryl alcohol (FA), glycerol maleic anhydride (GMA) and thermal. SFE values were calculated using the Rabel method. The wettability values were measured based on the contact angle between varnish liquids and wood surfaces using the sessile drop method, and the Shi and Gardner model model was used to evaluate the wettability of the varnishes on the wood surface. The bonding quality of the varnishes was measured using a cross-cut test based on ASTM 3359-17 standard. In addition, durability against subterranean termites in the field of these modified teak woods was also investigated according to ASTM D 1758-06.
Findings
The results showed that furfurylated and GMA-thermal 220°C improved the durability of teak wood against termites. The furfurylated teak wood had the roughest surface with an arithmetic average roughness (Ra) value of 15.65 µm before aging and 27.11 µm after aging. The GMA-thermal 220°C treated teak wood was the smoothest surface with Ra value of 6.44 µm before aging and 13.75 µm after aging. Untreated teak wood had the highest SFE value of 46.90 and 57.37 mJ/m2 before and after aging, respectively. The K values of untreated and treated teak wood increased owing to the aging treatment. The K values for the water-based acrylic varnish were lower than that of the solvent-based alkyd varnish. The untreated teak wood with the highest SFE produced the highest bonding quality (grades 4–5) for both acrylic and alkyd varnishes. The solvent-based alkyd varnish was more wettable and generated better bonding quality than the water-based acrylic varnish.
Originality/value
The originality of this research work is that it provides evaluation values of the durability and SFE. The SFE value can be used to quantitatively determine the wettability of paint liquids on the surface of wood and its varnish bonding quality.
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G. Pari, Santhosh Kumar and Vinay Sharma
Through this analysis an attempt has been made to improve the reliability of an ESDS used in the cockpit.
Abstract
Purpose
Through this analysis an attempt has been made to improve the reliability of an ESDS used in the cockpit.
Design/methodology/approach
The process used for carrying out FMEA is specified by MIL‐STD‐1629A procedure for carrying out failure mode, effects and criticality analysis.
Findings
In an increasing demand in avionics sector, particularly in modern defence and civil aircraft, safety and reliability are the prime concern to complete the mission successfully. This made technocrats to rethink over the safety of complete system by adding redundancy to the critical activities or what else not? The electronic stand by display system (ESDS), being an avionics unit and fitted in the cockpit for displaying very important navigation and engine parameters to pilot whenever main display unit fail to perform it primary functions. So even standby system need to have high reliability to serve the purpose by providing important flight parameters for the safe landing of pilot and crew. Failure modes and effect analysis (FMEA) is one of the effective reliability assessment tool, which evaluate systematically and document the potential failure modes of a system or equipment and their causes. It helps in grading the severity of all potential failure modes and useful in carrying out the changes in early phase of design. The analysis starts with the potential failure of a smallest component at the final indenture and goes up to the initial indenture level.
Originality/value
The paper adds insight into the reliability improvement of electronics standby display systems of modern aircraft.
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Today's society contains an extensive service sector, both in terms of the individual and the public at large. Development work within the service sector has, so far, been carried…
Abstract
Today's society contains an extensive service sector, both in terms of the individual and the public at large. Development work within the service sector has, so far, been carried out on a rather small scale compared to the efforts made on behalf of trade and industry to create new products. The fact that research and development in this area have been so limited can be one of the causes of the relatively small‐scale development of productivity within both the individual and the public part of the service sector.
Vinay Sharma, Minakshi Kumari and Santosh Kumar
The purpose of this analysis was to attempt to improve the reliability of a rotor support system of a modern aircraft engine.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this analysis was to attempt to improve the reliability of a rotor support system of a modern aircraft engine.
Design/methodology/approach
The process used for carrying out FMEA is specified by MIL‐STD‐1629A procedure for carrying out failure mode, effects and criticality analysis.
Findings
In increasing demand in the avionics sector, particularly in modern defence and civil aircraft, safety and reliability are the prime concerns to complete the mission successfully. Technocrats are made to rethink the safety of complete systems by adding redundancy to the critical activities. A rotor support system (RSS) is an integral part of a gas turbine engine used in any aircraft. As its name implies, the rotor support system shares the load of the rotating component of an engine, hence the rotor support system plays a vital role in any aircraft engine. It shares the load of compressor rotor and stator, turbine rotor and stator, inter‐casing, and exhaust system of a gas turbine engine. Any failure in such a system may make the entire aircraft fail. Therefore it is worth carrying out Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) on such a critical system. FMEA is one of the effective reliability assessment tools, which evaluate systematically and document the potential failure modes of a system or equipment and their causes. It helps in grading the severity of all potential failure modes and is useful in carrying out the changes in the early phase of design. The analysis starts with the potential failure of the smallest component at the final indenture and goes up to the initial indenture level.
Originality/value
The paper adds insight into the reliability improvement of the rotor support system of modern aircraft.
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Altaf Halim Basta, Houssni El-Saied, Amin Mahmoud Baraka and Vivian Fayez Lotfy
The purpose of this research paper focused on studying the role of activated carbons (ACs), which were synthesized from long-chain aldehyde-based xerogels (Xs-AC), as benefit…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this research paper focused on studying the role of activated carbons (ACs), which were synthesized from long-chain aldehyde-based xerogels (Xs-AC), as benefit additives to enhance the application of a low-cost urea formaldehyde (UF) adhesive for production of rice straw (RS) composites complying with both the standard specifications of particle-board type and the board produced from using conventional adhesive of RS fibers (methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, MDI). The results are supported by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, which indicated the curing and interaction of RS fibers with the adhesive systems.
Design/methodology/approach
RS-based composites of particle-board type were prepared from applying new Xs-AC–UF adhesive systems to RS particles. For comparison, particle boards by using commercial UF and 4 per cent MDI were also prepared. To clear the beneficial effect of X-ACs as new HCHO (formaldehyde)-scavengers, the properties of the resulted boards were compared with those produced from the previous investigated scavenger: amide-containing starch-UF (AM/St–UF), and treated RS. DSC analysis was performed on the RS adhesive system, to follow the curing and the interaction behavior of UF with fibers in the presence of Xs-ACs.
Findings
The promising results obtained of RS particle boards from using the investigated new HCHO-scavenger are modulus of rupture (MOR) = 17.2 MPa, modulus of elasticity (MOE) = 4,689 MPa and internal bond (IB) strength = 0.49 MPa. While, the thickness swelling (TS) and maximum reduction in free-HCHO are 48.5 and 44.6 per cent, respectively; this reduction value specified the particle-board of E1-E2 type.
Research limitations/implications
The X-AC-UF adhesive systems and treated RS provided particle boards with mechanical properties (MOR, MOE and IB) that met the standard specification values (class M-2 according to ANSI standard and P-2 according to EN standard requirements), together with maximum reduction in toxicity of UF. However, the resistance in water swelling property is weak and needs further study to be solved.
Practical implications
The incorporation of small percentage of new HCHO-scavenger (X-AC) to UF is an effective way to improve its thermal behavior. Moreover, the mechanical properties of agro-based composites based on the treated RS waste together with the X-AC-UF system exceeded those values of panels produced from (AM/St-UF) and also from (4 per cent MDI).
Social implications
Incorporating the Xs-AC to commercial UF will be of benefit for saving the health of wood co-workers and motivating the wood mill to export its wood products, as well as minimizing the export of MDI.
Originality/value
This paper was based on enhancing the potential utilization of both undesirable RS agro wastes and environmentally unacceptable low-cost UF adhesive in the production of agro-composites that comply with the International Standard Specifications of particle board type. In this respect, a new HCHO-scavenger was synthesized and applied, based on AC from non-conventional xerogels. This study presents a solution to protect the environment from pollution, as a result of burning the undesirable RS, as well as to protect the workers and users of wood panels from exposure to the toxic and carcinogenic gas (formaldehyde). It also benefits in replacing the high cost of the RS adhesive (MDI) by using low-cost modified UF.
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As testified by its secular history, Catholic Social Teaching is closely bound to the various attempts that have been made at putting it into practice. Today, one of the most…
Abstract
As testified by its secular history, Catholic Social Teaching is closely bound to the various attempts that have been made at putting it into practice. Today, one of the most interesting ones is that of the enterprises' association Compagnia delle Opere. Particularly in Italy, the Compagnia wants to become an important point of reference for Small and Medium Enterprises, the heart of Italian production system, through a new socioeconomic concept, based on the Subsidiarity Principle and the growth of the nonprofit sector. In many ways, it aims to create an alternative to classical capitalism, also supported by Benedict's XVI recent social encyclical; nevertheless, numerous ambiguities persist.
Yaw A. Debrah and Ian G. Smith
Presents over sixty abstracts summarising the 1999 Employment Research Unit annual conference held at the University of Cardiff. Explores the multiple impacts of globalization on…
Abstract
Presents over sixty abstracts summarising the 1999 Employment Research Unit annual conference held at the University of Cardiff. Explores the multiple impacts of globalization on work and employment in contemporary organizations. Covers the human resource management implications of organizational responses to globalization. Examines the theoretical, methodological, empirical and comparative issues pertaining to competitiveness and the management of human resources, the impact of organisational strategies and international production on the workplace, the organization of labour markets, human resource development, cultural change in organisations, trade union responses, and trans‐national corporations. Cites many case studies showing how globalization has brought a lot of opportunities together with much change both to the employee and the employer. Considers the threats to existing cultures, structures and systems.
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Rizal Bahara, Muhammad Nur Aidi, Khaswar Syamsu, Euis Sunarti, Anuraga Jayanegara and Marco Tieman
This study aims to explore the country’s contribution to research on halal food small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) taken from the Scopus database for 10 years from 2013 to…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to explore the country’s contribution to research on halal food small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) taken from the Scopus database for 10 years from 2013 to 2022 so that it can provide an overview of the effort that needs to be made by the government to improve research in this field.
Design/methodology/approach
The method used in this study was bibliometric analysis. The data comes from the Scopus database over the past 10 years (2013–2022). To create data visualization and network analysis using VOSviewer, Scimago Graphica, Bibliometrix and MS Excel.
Findings
Research on halal food SMEs has grown by almost 25%, with Malaysia leading with 447 publications. The UK is the leading country in publishing research articles with 44 journals. Malaysia has the most institutions (40 institutions for 25% globally). Malaysia has most research funding agencies (22 for 14% globally). Malaysia has the highest number of citations in halal food SMEs, with 3547 citations, followed by China and Indonesia. Malaysia has also the highest number of collaborating researchers and the most invitations. Future research focuses on sustainability, social issues, Internet of Things technologies, innovative technologies and strategies to increase productivity and competitiveness.
Originality/value
This research is a reference and overview of future research in halal food SMEs with the perspective of a country contribution angle. It provides input to the government on what needs to be done to develop research in the halal field in line with the goal of a country becoming the center of the global halal industry.
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Carl A. Rodrigues and Eileen Kaplan
Examines the European Union (EU) countries’ uncertainty avoidance measures (based on Hofstede’s work) and proposes the degree of formalization (high, moderate or low) applied by…
Abstract
Examines the European Union (EU) countries’ uncertainty avoidance measures (based on Hofstede’s work) and proposes the degree of formalization (high, moderate or low) applied by organizations in the EU countries. Proposes that high formalization organizational structures are more prevalent in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain; that low formalization organizational structures are more prevalent in Denmark, Great Britain, Ireland and Sweden; and that moderate formalization organizational structures are more prevalent in Finland and The Netherlands. Claims that these propositions can be tested at the organizational level using the Aston study instrument but warns that cultural factors are only an element among a number of other contextual variables such as the subsidiary’s local context (environmental complexity and the amount of local resources available to it), the size and age of the organization, type of organizational function, the way in which organizations confront a crisis, and management preferences for control. Indicates that it should not be assumed that this research can be applied to Confucian‐based Far East cultures. Mentions also that a country’s cultural values can change over time so should be periodically updated using Hofstede’s Value Survey Module.