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Purpose – To provide differentiated teaching models and a set of instructional reading strategies and materials for current and future classroom teachers to help them enhance the quality of reading instruction for English Learners (ELs).

Design/methodology/approach – The instructional reading strategies and materials and differentiated teaching models presented in this chapter are drawn from a body of current literature on ELs' English language development and on effective reading instruction for ELs. The instructional reading strategies and materials are categorized into five subcomponents of reading instruction: sight words, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension.

Findings – Provides differentiated teaching models and specific instructional strategies and materials that target each of the five specific subcomponents of reading instruction for ELs (i.e., sight words, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension).

Research limitations/implications – Some publications related to instructional reading strategies and materials may be limited to specific ELs in United States who speak a predominate native language (i.e., Spanish). These instructional reading strategies and materials may not be appropriate for ELs speaking another native language.

Practical implications – A very useful source of differentiated teaching models and practical instructional reading strategies and materials for current and future classroom teachers of ELs.

Originality/value – This chapter provides specific information and resources for current and future classroom teachers of ELs to support them in delivering high quality reading instruction.

Ritual female genital practices, widespread throughout Africa, are essential to gender identification and often are a pre-requisite for marriage. More severe forms of the practice, which are common in parts of Northeastern Africa, are also believed to enhance a woman’s childbearing capacity. Here, we critically review the gender- and class-based theories that explain the origins and persistence of female genital practices and the factors that precipitate social change. We also critically review evidence of the association of certain forms of the practice with various health, demographic, and social consequences. Our review exposes several methodological limitations of existing research that preclude population-based inferences about the medical and social implications of these practices and suggest that existing policies targeting such practices draw more on concerns over human rights than on scientific evidence about their sequelae. This review nevertheless exposes a potential contradiction between local justifications for and consequences of certain forms of the practice. Namely, despite an intended function of female genital practices to enhance a woman’s marital capital, certain forms may ironically lead to marital instability and dissolution through their negative effects on the health and reproductive capacity of women. We conclude with recommendations for research to examine the salience and implications of this potential paradox for women in Northeastern Africa.

This study examines the impact of entrepreneurial leadership (EL) on Chinese micro and small family businesses’ (MSFBs) innovativeness. Drawing on the resource-based view, this research study further explores the intermediary roles of proactive personality (PP) and affective commitment (AC) between ELs’ and MSFBs’ innovativeness. Besides this, the present work proposes a novel contingency impact of big data-powered artificial intelligence (BDAI) between EL, PP and AC, which indirectly spurs MSFBs’ innovativeness.

This study proposed a moderated mediation model using multi-wave, multi-source, time-lagged datasets of 380 employees from 190 Chinese MSFBs. We tested our hypotheses using structural equation modeling through the PLS technique.

The findings reveal a significant impact of EL on MSFB innovativeness, underscoring the pivotal intermediary roles of EL in driving MSFB innovativeness. Furthermore, BDAI emerges as a critical contingency factor, amplifying the effects of EL on both PP and AC to spur MSFBs’ innovativeness.

Our research offers several practical implications for Chinese MSFBs aiming to enhance innovativeness and competitive advantage. Firstly, understanding the direct impact of EL on MSFBs’ innovativeness provides valuable guidance for MSFB leaders. Secondly, recognizing the mediating roles of PP and AC underscores the importance of human and social capital in driving innovation within Chinese MSFBs. Thirdly, leveraging BDAI as a contingency factor can further augment the effects of EL on both PP and AC, thereby enhancing innovation outcomes. Thus, managers can capitalize on BDAI to gain actionable insights to increase MSFBs’ innovativeness.

This study enlightened how EL can develop MSFBs innovativeness through PP and AC. Our findings reveal that MSFBs can increase their innovation by leveraging PP and AC, leading to higher proactive provision in employees’ behavior. Subsequently, our results synchronized the exploration of BDAI as a novel insight for MSFB innovativeness. This shed light on a highly notable contribution to understanding BDAI to benefit MSFBs, acting as a critical contingency between EL, PP and AC.

Presents results of data obtained regarding faculty attitudes concerning the ethical propriety of and estimated faculty involvement with 38 activities. A questionnaire was sent to 480 randomly selected information systems (IS) academicians. Insights into the ethical standards of IS faculty are provided by the data, as well as the indication that a significant minority of faculty are estimated to be involved in most activities contrary to normative standards of ethical conduct, as prescribed by peers. Also identifies several attitudinal differences, based on demographic characteristics of respondents and institutions.

The purpose of this study is to identify the association between environmental leadership (EL) and pro-environmental behaviour among the middle-level employees in iron and steel manufacturing companies. The study further emphasizes on mediation of the relationship by green rewards and green self-efficacy in EL and pro-environmental behaviour relationship, moderated by green training.

To find the reliability and validity of the model, confirmatory factor analysis was used. Pearson correlation was used to explore the relationship between variables. PROCESS macro of Hayes (2013) Model 14 was used to test mediation and moderated mediation.

EL influenced pro-environmental behaviour in middle-level employees. Green rewards and green self-efficacy mediated the relationship. Green training moderated the mediated relationship of green rewards and green self-efficacy between EL and pro-environmental behaviour.

This is a fresh contribution around EL and pro-environmental behaviour in iron and steel companies; however, there are studies available on this relationship, but the unique contribution of the study is studying EL in iron and steel companies and mediated moderated relationship by green rewards, self-efficacy and training. It is necessary for the organizations to develop environmental leaders to promote pro-environmental behaviour in employees across sectors.

Although schools across the United States are becoming increasingly linguistically and culturally diverse, many teachers remain underprepared to work with students classified as English learners (ELs), especially at the secondary level. Acknowledging the importance of developing systems of support for teachers of ELs, this paper examines the district- and school-level factors shaping secondary teachers' access to EL-focused professional learning in one large urban school district.

To examine teachers' access to EL-focused professional learning, the authors draw on 49 in-depth interviews with district leaders and staff from nine secondary schools. Data analysis was guided by a structure, culture and agency theoretical framework.

Findings revealed that decreased structural support, in terms of both fiscal and human resources, constrained teachers' access to EL-related professional learning. Further, the district culture was characterized by limited understanding of ELs' backgrounds and assets. While some school leaders exercised agency to bolster EL-focused professional learning for teachers, such supports were rare.

Findings help to contextualize secondary teachers' feelings of unpreparedness to serve ELs, illuminating several factors that district and school leaders should attend to in order to bolster the development of professional capital for teachers of ELs at the secondary level.

While prior research outlines the importance of designing systems of support for EL-focused professional learning, this study highlights specific structural and cultural factors shaping such systems.

Technology has always inspired social change, but its scale and complexity have begun to bewilder even the politicians and policymakers. Several recent national foresight studies point to a need for socio‐organizational or “soft” technologies to help Europe manage change and respond to major new economic opportunities. Research is required in fields such as neuro‐linguistic programming, the psychology of knowledge management and the ergonomics of the man‐machine interface. “Electronic pets” showed that we can learn to love machines – now the challenge is to embed technology in such a way as to marry science with society.