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Article
Publication date: 12 May 2020

Nancy Wolff and Francisco Caravaca Sánchez

This study aims to examine the behavioral health disorders and trauma exposure are disproportionately represented among incarcerated men. Historically, prisons have been…

172

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to examine the behavioral health disorders and trauma exposure are disproportionately represented among incarcerated men. Historically, prisons have been inadequately equipped to respond to the behavioral health needs of incarcerated people. Given the abundance of behavioral health need and the relatively limited availability of prison-based treatment resources, population health management strategies, particularly need stratification, are vital.

Design/methodology/approach

A sample of 943 male inmates from three Spanish prisons completed a structured questionnaire. Need groups are based on current depression, anxiety and stress symptoms assessed by the DASS-21 and were validated using adverse childhood experiences (ACE), prison-based abuse, prison-based substance use, social support and resilience.

Findings

Three need groups were identified, namely, minimal, mild/moderate and severe, each representing about one-third of the sample. The severe group had the highest level of all three types of psychological distress, ACE and prison-based adversity and substance use. No statistical differences in social support and resilience were found among the groups. These findings provide a platform for future research to explore how the complexity of behavioral health care need can be identified and stratified for strategic and rational treatment matching. Proving whether a population health management approach improves behavioral health and personal safety outcomes within funding-constrained carceral environments is the next research priority.

Originality/value

This study is the first to group co-morbid psychological distress into need categories using a social determinants of health framework for validation.

Details

Journal of Criminal Psychology, vol. 10 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2009-3829

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Article
Publication date: 19 November 2018

Francisco Sarabia-Andreu and Francisco J. Sarabia-Sánchez

The purpose of this paper is to recognise the role of implicit and explicit attitudes on organic wine purchase intention and to segment consumers using these variables.

1246

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to recognise the role of implicit and explicit attitudes on organic wine purchase intention and to segment consumers using these variables.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted a two-part Web survey (n = 690) in Spain: an Implicit Association Test followed by a questionnaire on explicit attitudes, purchase intention and demographic data. Validity and reliability of these attitudes are contrasted using confirmatory factor analysis, attitude relationships with purchase intention using multiple linear regression analysis, and segments using k-means cluster and discriminant analyses.

Findings

The authors improve the measurement of explicit attitudes explaining organic wine purchase intention. Only attitudes towards intrinsic attributes and arousal feelings significantly explain purchase intention. Two attitudinal segments are detected, one showing moderate purchase intention with high explicit attitudinal levels and high consumption of organic wine and the other showing low levels of purchase intention and explicit attitudes, consuming mainly conventional wines. Neither segment shows any relevant differences in implicit attitudes.

Practical implications

The analysis offers information on attitudes that contribute to explain Spanish consumer purchase intention in a wine sector notable for focusing more on making quality products than by knowing its market.

Originality/value

The authors offer deeper understanding of the influence of attitudes on organic wine purchase intention. This paper also presents an attitudinal segmentation of consumers.

Details

International Journal of Wine Business Research, vol. 30 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1751-1062

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Article
Publication date: 10 January 2023

Francisco Sánchez-Cubo, José Mondéjar-Jiménez and Alejandro García-Pozo

The importance of workers in labour-intensive industries, such as tourism, is undeniable. In this sense, it has been investigated for decades from various methodological…

169

Abstract

Purpose

The importance of workers in labour-intensive industries, such as tourism, is undeniable. In this sense, it has been investigated for decades from various methodological approaches. However, in the academic literature on tourism, the partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) technique has hardly been used.

Design/methodology/approach

Therefore, this work uses that technique to contrast which factors define the employees' wages in the Spanish tourism industry. Additionally, an importance-performance map analysis (IPMA) analysis is carried out, which provides informed decision-making.

Findings

Thus, the main results obtained are the verification and measurement of the relationships of Human Capital, Labour Conditions and Market with Wages, and the relation between Human Capital and Labour Conditions. Besides, the improvement points in each variable are identified. Especial emphasis is given to those related to Human Capital and, partially, to the Market.

Research limitations/implications

However, there are certain limitations to this study. Mainly, as the indicators used are given by the 2018 Salary Structure Survey, they are stiff and so the design of the model turns to be more difficult.

Originality/value

Considering the turning point that the temporary cessation of the tourism industry activity due to the COVID-19 pandemic has been, it is essential to take advantage of it to identify and correct existing deficiencies. Therefore, this work aims to be a base document for the identification of these problems.

Objetivo

La importancia de los trabajadores de industrias intensivas en mano de obra, como el turismo, es innegable. En este sentido, se ha investigado durante décadas desde diferentes metodologías. Sin embargo, en la literatura académica en turismo, la técnica PLS-SEM path modelling apenas ha sido utilizada.

Metodología

Por ello, este trabajo emplea esta técnica para contrastar los factores que definen los salarios de los empleados en la industria turística española. Además, se lleva a cabo un análisis IPMA, que permite la toma de decisiones informada.

Resultados

Así, los principales resultados obtenidos son la verificación y medida de las relaciones del Capital Humano, Condiciones Laborales y Mercado con los Salarios, y la relación entre Capital Humano y Condiciones Laborales. Además, se identifican los puntos de mejora de cada variable. Se presta un interés especial a aquellos relacionados con el Capital Humano y, parcialmente, el Mercado.

Originalidad

Considerando el punto de inflexión que el cese de actividad temporal de la actividad de la industria turística ha supuesto a causa de la pandemia COVID-19, es esencial aprovechar para identificar y corregir las deficiencias existentes. Además, este trabajo pretende ser un documento base para la identificación de estos problemas.

Limitaciones

No obstante, existen algunas limitaciones en este estudio. Principalmente los indicadores utilizados proceden de la Encuesta de Estructura Salarial de 2018, son fijos y, por ende, el diseño del modelo se torna más difícil.

Details

Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración, vol. 36 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1012-8255

Keywords

Available. Open Access. Open Access
Article
Publication date: 4 March 2020

Francisco Sarabia-Andreu, Francisco J. Sarabia-Sanchez, María Concepción Parra-Meroño and Pablo Moreno-Albaladejo

This study aims to examine the formal and metric properties of Gil et al.’s (2000) scale of attitudes toward organic products, which is the most popular scale to measure these…

2155

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to examine the formal and metric properties of Gil et al.’s (2000) scale of attitudes toward organic products, which is the most popular scale to measure these attitudes.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample consisted of 4,992 household shoppers living in Hong Kong, Germany, Norway, Spain and the UK. The questionnaire was distributed using a third-party consumer panel, and the fieldwork was conducted using computer-assisted Web interviewing. The approach was based on confirmatory factor analysis and measurement of invariance, as well as format analysis using a wording-syntactic and semantic descriptive method.

Findings

The scale reflects an attitude-toward-object model approach. Its use has been heavily varied (in terms of wording, item semantics and the attributes to be measured). A two-factor structure that meets the metric conditions (reliability and validity) is found. However, the analysis of invariance shows that the scale behaves differently in different countries.

Research limitations/implications

This scale offers a good starting point for measuring attitudes toward organic products. However, it requires refinement to adapt to consumer evolution and improve its metric validity. Verification of its applicability in cross-national studies is recommended.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that assesses the format and quantitative characteristics of this scale on a cross-national level. For scholars and companies with international interests, preventing the use of scales with poor properties at the transnational level can improve the design of future studies and save money through a more informed choice of attitudinal scale.

Propósito

Este estudio examina las propiedades formales y métricas de la escala de actitudes hacia los productos orgánicos de Gil et al. (2000), que es la escala más popular para medir estas actitudes.

Metodología

La muestra incluye 4.992 compradores principales en hogares de Hong Kong, Alemania, Noruega, España y el Reino Unido. El cuestionario se distribuyó utilizando un panel de consumidores, y el trabajo de campo se llevó a cabo mediante entrevistas online asistidas por ordenador. El enfoque se basó en un análisis factorial confirmatorio y en la invariancia de las medidas, así como en un análisis del formato utilizando un método descriptivo de redacción-sintáctico-semántico.

Hallazgos

La escala refleja un enfoque de actitud basada en el objeto. Su uso ha sido muy variado (en redacción, semántica de sus redacciones y los atributos que mide). Se encuentra una estructura de dos factores que cumple con las condiciones métricas (fiabilidad y validez). Sin embargo, el análisis de invariancia muestra que la escala se comporta de manera diferente en distintos países.

Limitaciones/implicaciones de la investigación

Esta escala ofrece un buen punto de partida para medir las actitudes hacia los productos orgánicos, pero requiere un refinamiento para adaptarse a la evolución del consumidor y para mejorar su validez métrica. Se recomienda verificar su aplicabilidad en los estudios internacionales comparados.

Originalidad/valor

Este es el primer estudio que evalúa el formato y las características cuantitativas de esta escala a nivel internacional. Para los académicos y las empresas con intereses internacionales, evitar el uso de escalas con propiedades deficientes a nivel transnacional puede mejorar el diseño de futuros estudios y ahorrar dinero a través de una elección más informada de la escala actitudinal.

Palabras clave

Actitudes, Productos orgánicos, Estudio transnacional, Análisis factorial confirmatorio, Validación de la escala

Tipo de trabajo

Artículo de investigación.

Details

Spanish Journal of Marketing - ESIC, vol. 24 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2444-9709

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Article
Publication date: 31 May 2022

José Francisco Martínez-Sánchez, Francisco Venegas-Martínez and Gilberto Pérez-Lechuga

This paper aims to develop a money laundering risk management model for multiple-purpose financial institutions (SOFOMES, Spanish acronym for “Sociedades Financieras de Objeto…

179

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to develop a money laundering risk management model for multiple-purpose financial institutions (SOFOMES, Spanish acronym for “Sociedades Financieras de Objeto Múltiple”) based on the best international practices.

Design/methodology/approach

A study of a sample of several SOFOMES is carried out through representative surveys and focus groups to collect information to develop a causal model of risk management under a Bayesian network approach together with a Monte Carlo simulation.

Findings

The probability that SOFOMES has a high incidence to be used as a mean of money laundering is 29.3%, correspondingly with a probability of 33.1% of having medium incidence and 37.4% of low incidence.

Research limitations/implications

Only nine SOFOMES were willing to provide information for this study.

Practical implications

In Mexico, there is a large registry in the Ministry of Finance and the Attorney General’s Office of this type of practices in the SOFOMES sector, impacting tax collection and affecting the growth of the real sector. The proposed model serves to establish several preventive policies that reduce the incidence of this type of crime.

Originality/value

As far as the authors know, there is no other study as this one in Mexico or in the rest of the world.

Details

Journal of Money Laundering Control, vol. 26 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1368-5201

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Article
Publication date: 25 July 2024

Francisco Sánchez-Moreno, David MacManus, Fernando Tejero and Christopher Sheaf

Aerodynamic shape optimisation is a complex problem usually governed by transonic non-linear aerodynamics, a high dimensional design space and high computational cost…

44

Abstract

Purpose

Aerodynamic shape optimisation is a complex problem usually governed by transonic non-linear aerodynamics, a high dimensional design space and high computational cost. Consequently, the use of a numerical simulation approach can become prohibitive for some applications. This paper aims to propose a computationally efficient multi-fidelity method for the optimisation of two-dimensional axisymmetric aero-engine nacelles.

Design/methodology/approach

The nacelle optimisation approach combines a gradient-free algorithm with a multi-fidelity surrogate model. Machine learning based on artificial neural networks (ANN) is used as the modelling technique because of its ability to handle non-linear behaviour. The multi-fidelity method combines Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes and Euler CFD calculations as high- and low-fidelity, respectively.

Findings

Ratios of low- and high-fidelity training samples to degrees of freedom of nLF/nDOFs = 50 and nHF/nDOFs = 12.5 provided a surrogate model with a root mean squared error less than 5% and a similar convergence to the optimal design space when compared with the equivalent CFD-in-the-loop optimisation. Similar nacelle geometries and aerodynamic flow topologies were obtained for down-selected designs with a reduction of 92% in the computational cost. This highlights the potential benefits of this multi-fidelity approach for aerodynamic optimisation within a preliminary design stage.

Originality/value

The application of a multi-fidelity technique based on ANN to the aerodynamic shape optimisation problem of isolated nacelles is the key novelty of this work. The multi-fidelity aspect of the method advances current practices based on single-fidelity surrogate models and offers further reductions in computational cost to meet industrial design timescales. Additionally, guidelines in terms of low- and high-fidelity sample sizes relative to the number of design variables have been established.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 34 no. 9
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

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Article
Publication date: 12 March 2020

José Francisco Martínez-Sánchez, Salvador Cruz-García and Francisco Venegas-Martínez

This paper is aimed at developing a regression tree model useful to quantify the Money Laundering (ML) risk associated to a customer profile and his contracted products…

409

Abstract

Purpose

This paper is aimed at developing a regression tree model useful to quantify the Money Laundering (ML) risk associated to a customer profile and his contracted products (customer’s inherent risk). ML is a risk to which different entities are exposed, but mainly the financial ones because of the nature of their activity, so that they are legally obliged to have an appropriate methodology to analyze and assess such a risk.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses the technique of regression trees to identify, measure and quantify the ML customer’s inherent risk.

Findings

After classifying customers as high- or low-risk based on a probability threshold of 0.5, this study finds that customers with 56 months or more of seniority are more risky than those with less seniority; the variables “contracted product” and “customer seniority” are statistically significant; the variables origin, legal entity and economic activity are not statistically significant for classifying customers; institution collection, business products and individual product are the most risky; and the percentage of effectiveness, suggested by the decision tree technique, is around 89.5 per cent.

Practical implications

In the daily practice of ML risk management, the two main issues to be considered are: 1) the knowledge of the customer, and 2) the detection of his inherent risk elements.

Originality/value

Information from the customer portfolio and his transaction profile is analyzed through BigData and data mining.

Details

Journal of Money Laundering Control, vol. 23 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1368-5201

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Article
Publication date: 26 October 2021

Francisco Sánchez, Begoña Giner and Belén Gill-de-Albornoz Noguer

This paper investigates whether the greater flexibility of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in contrast to accounting models that were used before those…

502

Abstract

Purpose

This paper investigates whether the greater flexibility of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in contrast to accounting models that were used before those standards became mandatory meant a significant change in the magnitude of accruals recognized in the accounting income.

Design/methodology/approach

18,126 observations are analyzed on 1,881 non-financial companies in 19 European countries in 2000–2012. A difference-in-differences regression method is used. The treatment sample includes companies that were required to adopt IFRS as from the 2005 fiscal year, while the control sample comprises companies that voluntarily adopted IFRS prior to 2005.

Findings

Compared to prior accounting standards, the mandatory adoption of IFRS increased the absolute value of accruals. This result is seen only in those companies where the magnitude of accruals is negative. The observed effect is independent of the degree of similarity between IFRS and prior standards.

Originality/value

This paper complements the literature analyzing the effect of IFRS on the financial statements and on the financial-economic indicators of companies. It analyzes the component of accounting income that is most sensitive to the use of professional judgment: accruals. Focusing on observed accruals helps avoid an error in measurement that can be made when working with the discretionary component of accruals. Additionally, a longer time horizon than in previous studies is considered.

Propósito

Este trabajo investiga si la mayor flexibilidad de las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera (NIIF) respecto a los modelos contables que se empleaban antes de que dichas normas fueran obligatorias supuso un cambio significativo de la magnitud de los ajustes por devengo reconocidos en el resultado contable.

Diseño/metodología/enfoque

Se analizan 18.126 observaciones de 1.881 empresas no financieras de 19 países europeos en 2000–2012. Se utiliza la metodología de regresión del tipo diferencia en diferencias. La muestra de tratamiento incluye empresas que adoptaron obligatoriamente las NIIF, lo que tuvo lugar en el ejercicio contable 2005, y la muestra de control está compuesta por empresas que las adoptaron voluntariamente antes de 2005.

Hallazgos

Con respecto a las normas contables previas, la adopción obligatoria de las NIIF incrementó el valor absoluto de los ajustes por devengo. Este resultado se observa solamente en el grupo de empresas donde la magnitud de los devengos es negativa. El efecto observado es independiente del grado de similitud entre las NIIF y las normas previas.

Originalidad/valor

Este trabajo complementa la literatura que analiza el efecto de las NIIF sobre los estados financieros y los indicadores económico-financieros de las empresas, analizando el componente del resultado contable más sensible al uso del juicio profesional: los devengos. El hecho de centrarse en los devengos observados permite evitar el error de medición en el que se incurre cuando se trabaja con el componente discrecional de los mismos. Adicionalmente, se analiza un horizonte temporal más amplio que en trabajos previos.

Details

Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración, vol. 35 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1012-8255

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Article
Publication date: 11 July 2024

Francisco Sánchez-Moreno, David MacManus, Fernando Tejero, Josep Hueso-Rebassa and Christopher Sheaf

The decrease in specific thrust achieved by Ultra-High Bypass Ratio (UHBPR) aero-engines allows for a reduction in specific fuel consumption. However, the typical associated…

89

Abstract

Purpose

The decrease in specific thrust achieved by Ultra-High Bypass Ratio (UHBPR) aero-engines allows for a reduction in specific fuel consumption. However, the typical associated larger fan size might increase the nacelle drag, weight and the detrimental interference effects with the airframe. Consequently, the benefits from the new UHBPR aero-engine cycle may be eroded. This paper aims to evaluate the potential improvement in the aerodynamic performance of compact nacelles for installed aero-engine configuration.

Design/methodology/approach

Drooped and scarfed non-axisymmetric compact and conventional nacelle designs were down selected from a multi-point CFD-based optimisation. These were computationally assessed at a set of installation positions on a contemporary wide-body, twin-engine transonic aircraft. Both cruise and off-design conditions were evaluated. A thrust and drag accounting method was applied to evaluate different aircraft, powerplant and nacelle performance metrics.

Findings

The aircraft with the compact nacelle configuration installed at a typical installation position provided a reduction in aircraft cruise fuel consumption of 0.44% relative to the conventional architecture. However, at the same installation position, the compact design exhibits a large flow separation at windmilling conditions that is translated into an overall aircraft drag penalty of approximately 5.6% of the standard cruise net thrust. Additionally, the interference effects of a compact nacelle are more sensitive to deviations in mass flow capture ratio (MFCR) from the nominal windmilling diversion condition.

Originality/value

This work provides a comprehensive analysis of not only the performance but also the aerodynamics at an aircraft level of compact nacelles compared to conventional configurations for a range of installations positions at cruise. Additionally, the engine-airframe integration aerodynamics is assessed at an off-design windmilling condition which constitutes a key novelty of this paper.

Details

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 96 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1748-8842

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Article
Publication date: 30 September 2022

Fernando Tejero, David MacManus, Josep Hueso-Rebassa, Francisco Sanchez-Moreno, Ioannis Goulos and Christopher Sheaf

Aerodynamic shape optimisation is complex because of the high dimensionality of the problem, the associated non-linearity and its large computational cost. These three aspects…

171

Abstract

Purpose

Aerodynamic shape optimisation is complex because of the high dimensionality of the problem, the associated non-linearity and its large computational cost. These three aspects have an impact on the overall time of the design process. To overcome these challenges, this paper aims to develop a method for transonic aerodynamic design with dimensionality reduction and multifidelity techniques.

Design/methodology/approach

The developed methodology is used for the optimisation of an installed civil ultra-high bypass ratio aero-engine nacelle. As such, the effects of airframe-engine integration are considered during the optimisation routine. The active subspace method is applied to reduce the dimensionality of the problem from 32 to 2 design variables with a database compiled with Euler computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations. In the reduced dimensional space, a co-Kriging model is built to combine Euler lower-fidelity and Reynolds-averaged Navier stokes higher-fidelity CFD evaluations.

Findings

Relative to a baseline aero-engine nacelle derived from an isolated optimisation process, the proposed method yielded a non-axisymmetric nacelle configuration with an increment in net vehicle force of 0.65% of the nominal standard net thrust.

Originality/value

This work investigates the viability of CFD optimisation through a combination of dimensionality reduction and multifidelity method and demonstrates that the developed methodology enables the optimisation of complex aerodynamic problems.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 33 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

Keywords

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