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Article
Publication date: 7 January 2014

Lynda K. Vázquez, Francisco R. Mesa and Daniel A. López

Although student mobility worldwide is increasing dramatically, systematic analysis of the effects and variables associated with its results is still recent, especially in new…

425

Abstract

Purpose

Although student mobility worldwide is increasing dramatically, systematic analysis of the effects and variables associated with its results is still recent, especially in new destinations. The purpose of this paper is to examine student mobility in southern Chile from a case study perspective. An exploratory study is presented to analyze the experiences of students in an exchange program over a five-year period and the academic performance of local students abroad.

Design/methodology/approach

A single-case design with two embedded units of analysis is presented. Data were drawn from semi-structured surveys and students’ grade records. Content analysis was applied to the students’ reports and statistical methods were used to verify the influence of certain variables.

Findings

The experience of Chilean students abroad centered on building up personal competences, while visiting international students concentrated on intercultural interaction, influenced mainly by the quality of accommodation and language factors, the latter determining their relations with professors and local students. Academic performance of local students abroad was determined by the type of academic activity undertaken, course validation, and the selected destination.

Practical implications

Some patterns recorded in international literature are similar to the results of this particular case. However, this study reveals some unique findings that can be associated to the operation of study abroad programs in emerging countries, especially in young regional universities unprecedented in aspects related to student mobility.

Originality/value

The lack of scientific studies on student mobility in Chile, a country which international student population is rapidly growing, concedes great value to this exploratory study.

Details

International Journal of Educational Management, vol. 28 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0951-354X

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Article
Publication date: 1 February 1986

JOSEPH MURPHY and PHILIP HALLINGER

The study reported on in this article examines how instructional leadership is exercised by superintendents in effective school districts. We employ concepts drawn from school…

453

Abstract

The study reported on in this article examines how instructional leadership is exercised by superintendents in effective school districts. We employ concepts drawn from school effectiveness studies and from organizational literature on coordination and control in an attempt to understand how superintendents organize and manage instruction and curriculum in these effective districts. Specific instructional management practices are examined within a framework of six major functions, setting goals and establishing expectations and standards, selecting staff, supervising and evaluating staff, establishing an instructional and curricular focus, ensuring consistency in technical core operations, and monitoring curriculum and instruction. Based on interviews with superintendents from 12 of the most instructionally effective school districts in California and analysis of selected district documents, we present descriptions of district‐level policies and practices that these superintendents use to coordinate and control the instructional management activities of their principals. Similarities and differences in the patterns of control and coordination found in these districts are highlighted. The implications of the findings are then examined in light of recent findings regarding coupling and linkages in schools. The results of this study suggest that superintendents in instructionally effective school districts are more active “instructional managers” than previous descriptions of superintendents would have led us to expect. In particular, coordination and control of the technical core appears more systematic in these districts. The results do not, however, provide a uniform picture of how instruction is coordinated and controlled. A wide range of both culture building activities and bureaucratic policies and practices were emphasized by the superintendents in this study as they exercised their instructional leadership roles.

Details

Journal of Educational Administration, vol. 24 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0957-8234

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Book part
Publication date: 5 January 2016

Abstract

Details

Storytelling-Case Archetype Decoding and Assignment Manual (SCADAM)
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78560-216-0

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Article
Publication date: 3 June 2019

Igor Tomasevic, Vladimir Tomovic, Predrag Ikonic, Jose Manuel Lorenzo Rodriguez, Francisco J. Barba, Ilija Djekic, Ivan Nastasijevic, Slavisa Stajic and Dusan Zivkovic

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the ability of the computer vision system (CVS) to evaluate the colour of poultry meat. The advantages of the CVS over traditional…

488

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the ability of the computer vision system (CVS) to evaluate the colour of poultry meat. The advantages of the CVS over traditional methods were also explored.

Design/methodology/approach

The research was carried out on m. pectoralis major samples of three animals for each of the following four species: chicken, turkey, duck and goose. The total colour difference (ΔE) and the degree of difference of hue, chroma and lightness between the methods were calculated. In addition, a trained panel of 14 people was used to carry out three different similarity tests analysed using χ2 one sample test and one-way ANOVA. The correlation coefficient between CVS and colourimeter measures was evaluated using the Spearman rank correlation test.

Findings

The total colour difference (ΔE) between the methods employed was so large that the generated colour(s) could be considered more opposite than similar. The CVS-generated colour chips were more similar to the sample of the meat products visualised on the monitor compared to colourimeter-generated colour chips in all (100 per cent) individual trials performed. The use of the colourimeter for colour evaluation of lighter coloured poultry meat (chicken and turkey) was unrepresentative.

Practical implications

In this study, a CVS was developed to measure the colour of poultry meat as an alternative to conventional colourimeters.

Originality/value

The research has demonstrated that the use of a CVS should be considered a superior alternative to the traditional method for measuring colour of chicken, turkey, duck and goose meat.

Details

British Food Journal, vol. 121 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0007-070X

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Article
Publication date: 6 November 2009

Guadalupe Vidales, Kristen M. Day and Michael Powe

Recent years have witnessed a national policy shift towards involving state and local police in enforcing US federal immigration laws. Critics argue that involving local police in…

2676

Abstract

Purpose

Recent years have witnessed a national policy shift towards involving state and local police in enforcing US federal immigration laws. Critics argue that involving local police in enforcing immigration law will decrease Latino(a) and immigrant residents' willingness to report crime and their cooperation with the police, and will also increase racial profiling and negatively impact documented and undocumented residents. This paper aims to examine Latino(a) residents' perceptions of the police before and after an extended local controversy about involving police in enforcing immigration laws in Costa Mesa, California.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper reports findings of a before‐and‐after study in the Westside area of the City of Costa Mesa, California. Methods include Spanish and English language telephone surveys of Latino(a) and non‐Latino(a) residents in the Westside (n=169 respondents before and n=91 respondents after), conducted in 2002 and in 2007.

Findings

In survey responses, Latino(a) residents report that they are more likely to be stopped by the police in 2007 compared to 2002. Latino(a) respondents also have more negative perceptions of the police, find the police less helpful, feel less accepted in the community, and say that they are less likely to report crimes after the controversy, compared to before.

Originality/value

The findings show the importance of policies that encourage cooperation with and trust of the police. These results can help inform cities about the potential impacts of involving local police in immigration enforcement.

Details

Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, vol. 32 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1363-951X

Keywords

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Book part
Publication date: 24 July 2020

Félix Orlando Martínez-Ríos, José Antonio Marmolejo-Saucedo and Gonzalo Abascal-Olascoaga

This chapter proposes a protocol based on blockchain technology applied to corporate social responsibility (CSR). The first part discusses the characteristics associated with CSR…

Abstract

This chapter proposes a protocol based on blockchain technology applied to corporate social responsibility (CSR). The first part discusses the characteristics associated with CSR actions and the main difficulties its development faces, such as transparency, security, fault tolerance, among others. Subsequently, the authors describe the characteristics and concepts related to blockchain-based developments to later describe our framework for the control and development of CSR actions based on blockchain. Herein, the authors also describe how to publicly and privately identify the participating elements of CSR and the operations and resources necessary for the implementation and operation of the proposed protocol.

Details

Strategy, Power and CSR: Practices and Challenges in Organizational Management
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83867-973-6

Keywords

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Book part
Publication date: 4 November 2024

Chun-Yu Ho, Xiaojie Liu and Patrick S. McCarthy

This study examines the relationship between COVID-19 uncertainty and stock returns across US airlines. Using the pandemic uncertainty index (PUI) developed by Ahir et al. (2022)

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between COVID-19 uncertainty and stock returns across US airlines. Using the pandemic uncertainty index (PUI) developed by Ahir et al. (2022), we estimate a pandemic beta by augmenting the capital asset pricing model with the PUI as an additional factor. We find that the pandemic beta varies across airlines, which indicates the risk premiums of airline stocks associate with the level of pandemic uncertainty. Also, pandemic uncertainty amplifies the market risk of airline stocks. These results are relevant for asset managers whose portfolio allocation focuses on the airline industry. Further, we find that larger airlines with higher incomes and cash balances are less sensitive to the COVID-19 pandemic. These results highlight an important managerial implication for risk management, namely, that airlines with lower financial risks (i.e., a larger financial buffer) are more resilient to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Details

Airlines and the COVID-19 Pandemic
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80455-505-7

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Article
Publication date: 5 June 2009

Francisco J. Veredas, Héctor Mesa and Laura Morente

Pressure ulcer is a clinical pathology of localized damage to the skin and underlying tissue caused by pressure, shear, and friction. Diagnosis, treatment and care of pressure…

558

Abstract

Purpose

Pressure ulcer is a clinical pathology of localized damage to the skin and underlying tissue caused by pressure, shear, and friction. Diagnosis, treatment and care of pressure ulcers involve high costs for sanitary systems. Accurate wound evaluation is a critical task to optimize the efficacy of treatments and health‐care. Clinicians evaluate the pressure ulcers by visual inspection of the damaged tissues, which is an imprecise manner of assessing the wound state. Current computer vision approaches do not offer a global solution to this particular problem. The purpose of this paper is to use a hybrid learning approach based on neural and Bayesian networks to design a computational system to automatic tissue identification in wound images.

Design/methodology/approach

A mean shift procedure and a region‐growing strategy are implemented for effective region segmentation. Color and texture features are extracted from these segmented regions. A set of k multi‐layer perceptrons is trained with inputs consisting of color and texture patterns, and outputs consisting of categorical tissue classes determined by clinical experts. This training procedure is driven by a k‐fold cross‐validation method. Finally, a Bayesian committee machine is formed by training a Bayesian network to combine the classifications of the k neural networks (NNs).

Findings

The authors outcomes show high efficiency rates from a two‐stage cascade approach to tissue identification. Giving a non‐homogeneous distribution of pattern classes, this hybrid approach has shown an additional advantage of increasing the classification efficiency when classifying patterns with relative low frequencies.

Practical implications

The methodology and results presented in this paper could have important implications to the field of clinical pressure ulcer evaluation and diagnosis.

Originality/value

The novelty associated with this work is the use of a hybrid approach consisting of NNs and Bayesian classifiers which are combined to increase the performance of a pattern recognition task applied to the real clinical problem of tissue detection under non‐controlled illumination conditions.

Details

International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics, vol. 2 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1756-378X

Keywords

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Book part
Publication date: 29 November 2024

Christine Abagat Liboon, Rose Ann E. Gutierrez and Ariana Guillermo Dimagiba

While the concept of reciprocity has gained traction in qualitative research, especially as the term relates to challenging power dynamics inherent within the research and…

Abstract

While the concept of reciprocity has gained traction in qualitative research, especially as the term relates to challenging power dynamics inherent within the research and evaluation process, a gap remains in understanding how a researcher's or elevator's cultural background shapes the way reciprocity is conceptualized and practiced. We explore how Filipino concepts connected to reciprocity (utang na loob, pakikipagkapwa, and alalay) inform the practice of Filipina American researchers and evaluators in academia. We use Sikolohiyang Pilipino and Critical Kapwa in the conceptual framework to guide our study and employ a collaborative autoethnography (CAE) methodology. We present three findings: (1) reciprocity and utang na loob as a nontransactional debt, (2) reciprocity and pakikipagkapwa as seeing the humanity in others, and (3) reciprocity and alalay as carrying the weight together. We discuss this study's implications – regarding theorizing reciprocity, using collaborative autoethnography as methodology, and reclaiming deeper ways of knowing from a critical perspective – for transforming evaluation and research practice. Specifically, through a collaborative autoethnography, we learned the importance of understanding the nuances of language (i.e., Tagalog and other Filipino languages) as a decolonizing approach to arriving at our analysis of pakikipagkapwa through kuwentuhan. Methodologies that attend to a culturally responsive evaluation and research practice – –such as CAE and kuwentuhan– – amplify the voices of silenced communities. Lastly, deeply understanding the cultural context of evaluators' and researchers' experiences and cultural identities as well as studying oneself through a collaborative autoethnography can create practices of reciprocity that have been buried by settler colonialism.

Details

Theories Bridging Ethnography and Evaluation
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83549-019-8

Keywords

Abstract

Details

Global and Culturally Diverse Leaders and Leadership
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78743-495-0

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