A SIMPLIFIED presentation of basic gust load factor theories, designed to supply information requested frequently by pilots, has been prepared by the Aircraft Airworthiness…
Abstract
A SIMPLIFIED presentation of basic gust load factor theories, designed to supply information requested frequently by pilots, has been prepared by the Aircraft Airworthiness Section of the V.G. Civil Aeronautics Authority.
In aircraft construction, a strut, a fairing, bracket means attached to the said strut, and expansible screw means adapted to attach said fairing to said bracket means by…
Abstract
In aircraft construction, a strut, a fairing, bracket means attached to the said strut, and expansible screw means adapted to attach said fairing to said bracket means by separation of a portion of said bracket means from an opposed portion of said fairing.
A device for indicating during the flight of an airplane, the approach and the existence of any flight condition characterized by Certain pre‐determined combinations of the…
Abstract
A device for indicating during the flight of an airplane, the approach and the existence of any flight condition characterized by Certain pre‐determined combinations of the variables of acceleration acting on the airplane in a direction substantially perpendicular to the lifting surface of the airplane and the dynamic pressure due to the velocity of the airplane through the air comprising indices having pointers, some of said indices comprising members shaped in accordance with the contour of curves obtained by plotting positive and negative accelerations against dynamic pressure for said combinations, means for moving one of said indices in proportion to the variable of acceleration, said means including an accelerometer, a device responsive to variations in dynamic pressure connected to said indice members, the relative motions of the indices being such that their relative positions indicate at any instant the relation between the actual value of one of said variables and the values of the same variable which would be required to produce one of said combinations at the existing value of the other variable.
An aircraft instrument comprising a casing, a weight movable for a small distance between an upper and a lower stop in said casing, means for causing a pressure differential to be…
Abstract
An aircraft instrument comprising a casing, a weight movable for a small distance between an upper and a lower stop in said casing, means for causing a pressure differential to be applied to said weight thereby tending to force it against one of said stops, means for mounting said casing in an aeroplane so that acceleration acting on the aeroplane will tend to force said weight against the lower stop, an electric switch operated by a small motion of said weight, a spring acting against said weight and tending to hold it against said upper stop, the closing of said switch being accomplished by the action of acceleration against the differential pressure and said spring.
Multi-level issues (Klein, Dansereau, & Hall (1994). Academy of Management Review, 195–229) are critical to both strategic management research and practice, and yet, we have few…
Abstract
Multi-level issues (Klein, Dansereau, & Hall (1994). Academy of Management Review, 195–229) are critical to both strategic management research and practice, and yet, we have few approaches for dealing with them both systemically and systematically. In this chapter, I take a resource-based approach to exploring multi-level linkages, suggesting that such an approach has wide applicability. A resource-based view (RBV) of competitive advantage and value creation illustrates the multi-level nature of these concepts and shows how the RBV is itself linked to the external market environment. The RBV also provides a way to link a variety of types of levels of analysis. These include different organizational levels of analysis, content and process linkages, and linkages across time.
Paul Drnevich and Mark Shanley
Most research issues in strategic management are essentially problem focused. To one extent or another, these problems often span levels of analysis, may align with different…
Abstract
Most research issues in strategic management are essentially problem focused. To one extent or another, these problems often span levels of analysis, may align with different performance metrics, and likely hold different implications from various theoretical perspectives. Despite these variations, research has generally approached questions by taking a single perspective or by contrasting one perspective with a single alternative rather than exploring integrative implications. As such, very few efforts have sought to consider the performance implications of using combined, integrated, or multi-level perspectives. Given this reality, what actually constitutes “good” performance, how performance is effectively measured, and how performance measures align with different perspectives remain thorny problems in strategic management research. This paper discusses potential extensions by which strategic management research and theory might begin to address these conflicts. We first consider the multi-level nature of strategic management phenomena, focusing in particular on competitive advantage and value creation as core concepts. We next present three approaches in which strategic management theories tend to link levels of analysis (transaction, management, and atmosphere). We then examine the implications arising from these multi-level approaches and conclude with suggestions for future research.
Muhammad Nurul Houqe, Habib Zaman Khan, Olayinka Moses and Arun Elias
The purpose of the study is to examine the impact of corporate reputation (hereafter CR) and the degree of economic development on firms’ cost of capital remains unresolved. This…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of the study is to examine the impact of corporate reputation (hereafter CR) and the degree of economic development on firms’ cost of capital remains unresolved. This study addresses these issues.
Design/methodology/approach
Using a global sample across 20 countries, the study investigates the discrete and joint effects of CR and jurisdictional economic development on the cost of equity (COE) and cost of debt (COD) capital. The analysis encompasses a dual data set, comprising 1,308 observations for COE and 1,223 observations for COD, allowing for a comprehensive exploration of these dynamics.
Findings
The findings indicate that CR leads to a reduction in the cost of capital for reputable firms. Nevertheless, the extent of this decrease varies per type of capital and firm’s reputation level and is contingent upon the economic development level within the firm’s jurisdiction. Particularly noteworthy is the moderating effect of economic development on CR, which shows that COE capital tends to be lower for reputable firms operating in economically developed jurisdictions. Albeit, this is not the case for COD capital for reputable firms in similarly developed jurisdictions.
Practical implications
This study illustrates that effective CR management, aimed at reducing the cost of capital, necessitates a combination of the firm’s unique competitive advantage and the economic development context of its jurisdiction to truly achieve its intended goal.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first global study to explore the impact of CR on both COE and COD capital. Furthermore, this study is primarily towards understanding the moderating role of economic development in the relationship between CR and cost of capital.
Details
Keywords
Jeremy C Short, Timothy B Palmer and David J Ketchen
The resource-based view of the firm and strategic groups research are two of the most investigated frameworks in strategic management. Historically, assumptions behind these two…
Abstract
The resource-based view of the firm and strategic groups research are two of the most investigated frameworks in strategic management. Historically, assumptions behind these two views have seemingly put them at odds. The resource-based view of the firm argues that sustained competitive advantage is best attained when firms have unique resources, while strategic groups research argues that a number of firms within the same industry can achieve sustained profitability with strategies that are similar to one another, but distinct from other industry members. The two views focus on different levels of analysis and each largely ignores the other’s focal level. Yet neither offers any propositions that are incompatible with the tenets of the other. Thus, conceptual integration that crosses levels of analysis is possible and potentially fruitful. Indeed, some strategic groups research has begun to bridge the gap between these two theories by suggesting that firm differences exist both within and between strategic groups. This article adopts a multi-level view by developing propositions concerning contingencies when firm differences, group processes, or both may lead to sustained competitive advantage. Implications for practitioners as well as suggestions for future theory building and empirical tests are also discussed.
AT Lockheed (Ref. 18) the double‐acting press has been used toad vantage in this work, as it permits the part to be held at the edges while the punchforms it, thereby building up…
Abstract
AT Lockheed (Ref. 18) the double‐acting press has been used toad vantage in this work, as it permits the part to be held at the edges while the punchforms it, thereby building up the desired tensile stress. This is illustrated by Fig. 32. The same general effect may be obtained in the single‐acting press with rubber punch by the use of special concave blocks in which the sheet is clamped at the edges by means of beaded plates or other devices. Mechanical stretching machines are also available for this type of work. These methods are generally not as satisfactory as the double‐acting press, however, as the latter permits greater control over the edge restraint conditions.
Alison Mackey and Jay B. Barney
This chapter applies arguments advanced by Drnevich and Shanley (this volume) to the strategic leadership literature – an area of work where such multi-level analyses seem likely…
Abstract
This chapter applies arguments advanced by Drnevich and Shanley (this volume) to the strategic leadership literature – an area of work where such multi-level analyses seem likely to be particularly appropriate. In an analysis of the relationship between managerial capabilities and firm performance, this chapter breaks from tradition in the strategic leadership literature by examining the interaction between three levels of analysis. In doing so, this chapter identifies the conditions under which leadership can be a source of competitive advantage for a firm, when labor markets will allocate managerial talent imperfectly across competing firms, and when managers will and will not be able to appropriate the rents their specific managerial talents might generate.