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The dynamics of fluid - saturated porous rock is a particularly interesting problem in geophysics and hydrology, nevertheless it is very important in environmental protection as well since it is able to describe, in a lot of situations, the propagation of pollutant substances dissolved in porous environmental matrices. It has been show that, for these systems, the nonlinear effects can be very important to consider. In this paper we'll discuss two novel approaches to the study of the above dynamics: one based on constitutive and conservation equations, the other considering the mass - balance equations for the solute flow and for adsorption rate of solute on the poroelastic matrix. We have shown the first model correctly describes the nonlinear behavior of the fluid pore pressure and pollutants concentration while the second gives the nonlinear term describing advection of which some numerical solutions has been calculated.

The study reported in this paper is devoted to the characterization, by thermal analysis, of human bones stored at different temperatures. Two types of bone were used, the first healthy and the second one osteoarthritis. The results reported are referred to analysis of the DSC patterns and TG, DTG values of the specimens of femoral-head banked at -30 °C and -80 °C immediately after the surgical removal or washed with acetone and then stored. These treatments must be performed immediately after the surgery in order to prevent the degradation of the collagen protein, i.e. collagenases. The thermodynamic differences between the healthy and the pathological bones add to biological contraindication as to why the osteoarthritis bone cannot be utilized for allograft.

The paper investigates the choice preferences of Gen Z individuals between products labelled as “organic” versus products labelled as “natural”. While the former category guarantees production standards set by EU legislation, no codified standard exists for natural products. Understanding whether consumers value the difference is important for policy and marketing reasons.

The paper uses a between-subject laboratory experiment. Participants are undergraduate students from a medium-sized university, randomized into two conditions. In both conditions, individuals choose between a conventional product and a sustainable one. In the first condition, we frame the organic product as “organic”. In the second condition, we frame the same organic product as “natural”. We always refer to the conventional product as “conventional”. This methodology is applied to a choice regarding wine and a choice regarding food. Choices are incentive-compatible, as one participant is randomly selected in each session to receive the chosen product.

We find no significant difference between the frequency of choices of the product framed as organic and the one framed as natural, neither for wine nor for food.

The paper tests in a controlled and incentivized laboratory experiment the choice differences regarding products framed as organic versus products framed as natural. The results provide policymakers and marketers with a better understanding of the effects of sustainability labelling on consumer behaviour. The policy implications of our results, which we discuss in the paper, are relevant and multifaceted.