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In the Netherlands new legislation has come into force in order to deal with insider trading. The legislator followed a new strategy. This time, instead of a provision with well‐defined criteria, a sort of catch‐all provision was created. The aim was to avoid difficulties in proving the offence. As a consequence, a new problem has arisen — usual and accepted behaviour on the stock markets, such as exercising, a green shoe option, is now within the ambit of the penalisation. The Dutch legislator has thus created some exceptions. These developments are analysed in the paper.

There is no argument among serious researchers that a mongoloid stock first colonized the New World from Asia. Nor is there controversy about the fact that these continental pioneers used the Bering Land Bridge that then connected the Asian Far East with Alaska.– Gerald F. Shields, et al.American Journal of Genetics (1992)

This study aims to identify the determinants of housing affordability in an effort to inform policy.

The authors use econometric analysis to determine variables that impact housing affordability in the USA.

The authors find that affordability depends on a number of demographic factors as well as physical characteristics of properties, including average age of homeowner, family size and average dwelling square footage. The authors also find that vacancy rates, increase in house price and median family income also have a significant impact on housing affordability. Additionally, the authors find that households with high-cost burdens are more vulnerable to mortgage rates and property taxes than those with moderate-cost burdens. As a result, changes in economic or policy variables tend to have a disproportionate impact on high-cost-burdened households, and they are more vulnerable to economic and policy shocks.

To date, the literature has not done a systematic investigation of housing affordability using detailed census data.