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The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of the induction heating phenomenon during magnetic pulse forming (MPF) of thin walled tube components. The approach is based on the advanced use of the multiphysics finite element software FORGE® coupling electromagnetism, heat transfer and solid mechanics. Although the global contribution of thermal effects is found to be almost negligible with respect to the volume forces, it can be observed that localized softening due to the heating process induces shock absorbing behavior.

Due to the strong multiphysics couplings between solid mechanics, electromagnetism and heat transfer, it is not always obvious to quantify the contributions of the various physical phenomena. It is thus intended here to take advantage of the numerical framework and tool that has developed to dissociate and quantify the influence of Joule heating phenomena due to eddy currents during MPF processes.

In this paper, the sensitivity of the MPF process has been analyzed to the induction heating source term for a specific tube forming case. An analysis of the electric output signal shows that inductance sensitivity to heating remains small when compared to the mechanical deformation. Regarding mechanical analysis of the process, induction heating contribution has a very slight impact at the global scale, but its effect is more noticeable at the small scale where it is likely that the localized heating induces shock absorption properties through softening. The extension of these results to other materials (for which the thermal dependency of mechanical behavior is different), as well as to a larger range of energy inputs, still needs to be carried out. Such phenomena should be considered for instance for high precision forming.

The analysis of the influence of heating due to eddy currents in magnetic pulse forming processes has not been extensively studied. The originality of this work is to try to quantify its effect on the process by using a numerical-based approach.

This paper aims to develop a robust set of advanced numerical tools to simulate multiphase flows under the superimposition of external uniform magnetic fields.

The flow has been simulated in a fully Eulerian framework by a {\it variational multi-scale} method, which allows to take into account the small-scale turbulence without explicitly model it. The multi-fluid problem has been solved through the convectively re-initialized level-set method to robustly deal with high density and viscosity ratio between the phases and the surface tension has been modelled implicitly in the level-set framework. The interaction with the magnetic field has been modelled through the classic induction equation for 2D problems and the time step computation is based on the electromagnetic interaction to guarantee convergence of the method. Anisotropic mesh adaptation is then used to adapt the mesh to the main problem’s variables and to reach good accuracy with a small number of degrees of freedom. Finally, the variational multiscale method leads to a natural stabilization of the finite elements algorithm, preventing numerical spurious oscillations in the solution of Navier–Stokes equations (fluid mechanics) and the transport equation (level-set convection).

The methodology has been validated, and it is shown to produce accurate results also with a low number of degrees of freedom. The physical effect of the external magnetic field on the multiphase flow has been analysed.

The dam-break benchmark case has been extended to include magnetically constrained flows.

In order to optimize production and save material, numerical simulation is becoming more and more used in industrial forging processes.

Large structures (e.g. plane, bridge, etc.) often include several hundreds of assembly points. Structural computations often use over-simplistic approximations for these points; among others, they do not take into account the thermo-mechanical history due to the assembling process. Running computations with each assembly point modelled completely would require too much time to achieve a simulation. There is thus a need to create equivalent elements for assembly points in order to: take into account the mechanical state of the assembly point in the design stage – while reducing the computational time cost at the same time. This paper aims to discuss these issues.

This paper introduces an innovative strategy based on a coupling procedure between a finite element tool for modelling the assembly process in order to access to the mechanical state of the assembly point and an optimisation algorithm, in order to identify the equivalent element parameters.

The strategy has proven to be successful. A connector model easier to use and much faster than the complete model, has been obtained. Results obtained with this element are in good agreement with experimental tests in the case of multipoint assemblies and with the simulation results of the complete numerical model. Finally the connector model appears to be easier to use and much faster than the complete model, more difficult to model properly.

The main innovative aspects of this strategy lie in the fact that the creation of this equivalent element is based on a complete numerical approach. The thermo-mechanical history due to the assembly process is considered – the element parameters are identified thanks to an evolution strategy based on the coupling between a finite element model and a zero-order minimisation algorithm.

IN our July issue wc published a very fully illustrated description of the new French high‐altitude, photographic survey aeroplane designed by the Société Nationale de Constructions Aéronautiques du Sud‐Est for l'Institut Géographique National François and at about the time that that article appeared the first aeroplane was making its maiden flight at Marignane.

The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the economics of providing well-located housing in the inner city of Cape Town. The paper emphasises the need to maintain an appropriate balance between the viability and affordability of the product offered to the market and overcoming the value versus cost challenges. While developers have limited influence over value, they do have influence over cost structures through the development approach that is chosen. Moreover, local authorities influence the viability of projects through standards and regulations. The conclusion drawn from the research has considerable implications for the formulation of market-driven housing policy interventions.

In addition to the review of urban economics theory and the literature on the drivers and costs of inner-city, higher-density residential development, a series of interviews with inner-city residential developers was conducted to access current property development cost data and to identify the parameters that determine the viability of inner-city, high-density residential development.

Cape Town, like other South African cities, suffers from being inefficient and inequitable largely due to its low density and sprawling nature. As a result, most planning- and housing-related policy interventions advocate the provision the higher-density, more affordable residential housing in well-located areas such as the inner city. However, to date, these policies have, on the whole, been unsuccessful in achieving these outcomes. This paper argues that this is because these policies largely do not take urban economics into account and fail to address the value versus cost tension that needs to be overcome to allow for the provision of such accommodation. Based on the viability calculations provided, the research illustrates the main cost drivers associated with higher-density, inner-city residential development and makes certain recommendations as to how these cost barriers can be reduced.

Financing arrangements and taxation implications have not been accounted for as these are often specific to the developer and thus cannot be generalised.

The solutions put forward by the paper offer lower-income households the ability to successfully compete with higher-income households and other land uses for well-located space in Cape Town’s inner city.

The findings of this research illustrate the type of interventions that the public and private sectors can consider to improve the viability and affordability of affordable housing units in city centres located in emerging countries.

While traditional urban economic concepts are drawn upon, the paper contributes to addressing the challenge of providing higher-density, more affordable accommodation in South African inner cities. It does this by applying these well-known concepts to the inner city of Cape Town and draws on current data and developer views to accurately diagnose the problem and, in turn, to offer pragmatic solutions.

Many librarians are asked questions about copyright and intellectual property. They may be expected to advise on copyright or provide copyright education as part of their duties. Others may be “voluntold” to take on copyright, which may come as an unexpected addition to their workload. This case study provides suggestions for librarians to increase their copyright knowledge and create copyright education programs.

This case study showcases two copyright education programs created by a librarian in a college and another in a university. The librarians collaborated to learn more about the state of copyright education within academic libraries and explore their commonalities and differences. This case study introduces two copyright education programs and summarizes the state of copyright education within library and information science (LIS) and academic libraries.

The following themes within the two copyright education programs were identified through a case study: the complexity of copyright, the engagement (or lack thereof) across a college or university, the necessity of including copyright in information literacy instruction and the calls for professional development with copyright.

This case study covers two differing institutions so its conclusions may not be applicable to all libraries or educational settings.

Many individuals who are in disciplines or occupations that regularly work with copyright may generate ideas for creating and providing continuing education within their organizations.

Library or education professionals can use the case study’s conclusions to inform and support their ongoing work with teaching and learning about copyright and intellectual property. By doing so, they can better support their students, faculty and institutions.