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The purpose of this paper presents the effects of actively morphing root chord and taper on the energy of the flight control system (i.e. FCS).

Via regarding previously mentioned purposes, sophisticated and realistic helicopter models are benefitted to examine the energy of the FCS.

Helicopters having actively morphing blade root chord length and blade taper consume less control energy than the ones having one of or any of passively morphing blade root chord length and blade taper.

Actively morphing blade root chord length and blade taper can be used for cheaper helicopter operations.

The main originality of this paper is applying active morphing strategy on helicopter blade root chord and blade taper. In this paper, it is also found that using active morphing strategy on helicopter blade root chord and blade taper reasons less energy consumption than using either passively morphing blade root chord length plus blade taper or not any. This causes also less fuel consumption and green environment.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of passive and active morphing of blade root chord length and blade taper on the control effort of the flight control system (FCS) of a helicopter.

Physics-based helicopter models, which are functions of passive and active morphing, are created and applied in helicopter FCS design to determine the control effort.

Helicopters, having both passively and actively morphing blade root chord length and blade taper, experience less control effort than the ones having either only passively morphing blade root chord length or only blade taper or only actively morphing blade root chord length and blade taper.

Both passively and actively morphing blade root chord length and blade taper can be implemented for more economical autonomous helicopter flights.

Main novelty of our article is simultaneous application of passive and active morphing ideas on helicopter root chord length and blade taper. It is also proved in this study that using both passive and active morphing ideas on helicopter blade root chord and blade taper causes much less energy consumption than using either only passive morphing idea on helicopter blade root chord and blade taper or only active morphing idea on helicopter blade root chord and blade taper. This also reduces fuel consumption and also makes environment cleaner.

This paper aims to offer a simultaneous design approach for helicopter having swept anhedral blade tip shape and helicopter flight control system (HFCS) to minimize controller cost.

By considering previously stated offer, control-oriented models and a stochastic optimization method are applied to minimize controller cost of the HFCS.

Using simultaneous design approach for helicopters having blade tip swept and blade tip anhedral causes considerably less control effort than the helicopters not benefiting this related design approach.

Simultaneous design approach for helicopters having blade tip swept and blade tip anhedral is applicable to consider fuel economy.

One important novelty of this paper is using simultaneous approach for determining optimum shape of blade tip swept and anhedral. Another considerable novelty of this paper is also using a stochastic optimization method called simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation for previously mentioned purpose. In this paper, it is also reached that using simultaneous design approach for swept anhedral helicopter blade tip shape and HFCS causes less control effort than the helicopters not using this approach. This leads to less fuel consumption and green environment.

This paper aims to present novel results for trajectory tracking of tandem-rotor helicopters via variance-constrained controllers.

Regarding these purposes, linearized tandem-rotor helicopter models are benefitted.

Variance-constrained controllers are very beneficial for trajectory tracking of tandem-rotor helicopters while there exists variance bounds on outputs of interest.

Variance-constrained controllers can be used for cheaper tandem-rotor helicopter operations with high trajectory tracking quality.

Applying variance-constrained control strategy for tandem-rotor helicopters during trajectory tracking. This also causes less fuel consumption and green environment, and good trajectory tracking quality.

This paper aims to explore authenticity as a multidimensional construct from both consumer and service provider perspectives in the context of culturally themed restaurants in Kolkata, India.

Utilizing a phenomenological design, data have been collected through participant observation, photographs and semi-structured interviews in Bengali-themed restaurants over a two-year period.

By articulating the processes and dimensions that operate behind the narrative of authenticity, the findings display the interaction between market/cultural forces and the perception of authenticity. These reveal that authenticity embraces four major categories, namely, traditional, staged-form, postmodern and constructivist.

This study provides insights into the collective role of both consumers and service providers in mediating perceptions of authenticity. Theoretically, this study contributes to the literature by articulating four dimensions of authenticity.

Practically, this study assists marketers with insights into the balance of authenticity and the commoditization of culture.

As globalization weakens cultural boundaries and jeopardizes regional identities, there is a need for reassuring cultural continuity that upholds ethnic legacy for local consumers. Thus, this study provides theoretical and practical insights for both researchers and practitioners concerned about maintaining authenticity in a global marketplace.