During hot rolling and subsequent cooling, scaling always occurs on the steel strip. It is necessary to be completely removed before further processing (such as cold rolling)…
Abstract
During hot rolling and subsequent cooling, scaling always occurs on the steel strip. It is necessary to be completely removed before further processing (such as cold rolling). Usually continuous pickling is a more economic and convenient process to be used to remove the scale. However, the pickling rate is affected by many variables such as the type of acid, acid solution condition, steel composition, scale structure and different inhibitors at various concentrations as reported in the literature. In the mill, except machine breakdown, the troubles in the pickling line are often caused by the presence of acid‐resisted scale of nonuniform scale structure. Although a lot of information has been accumulated on the relationship between the microstructure of scales on steel strip and their response to pickling, most of them concerned the pickling in sulphuric acid. In the present work, the scale composition and thickness are examined after isothermal oxidation and simulated different mill cooling processes. Furthermore, their effects on pickling rate in hydrochloric acid solution is also studied and discussed.
Although China has claimed since 2005 that it will move towards a more market-oriented system of managing its foreign exchange, it has remained, in part, a managed economic…
Abstract
Although China has claimed since 2005 that it will move towards a more market-oriented system of managing its foreign exchange, it has remained, in part, a managed economic system. This chapter examines the relative importance of fundamentalist, chartist and currency arrangements in determining the RMB exchange regime using both traditional linear and non-linear artificial intelligence models. We find that the emphasis on the US dollar as a reference currency has declined. Fundamentalist forces are becoming strong determinants of the currency exchange. The genetic programming approach is among the best performing in minimizing forecasting error.
Details
Keywords
Yafei Zu and Ruonan Zhang
The purpose of this paper is to study enterprise innovation in the perspective of external supplier relationship. On this purpose, this paper examines the impact of supplier…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study enterprise innovation in the perspective of external supplier relationship. On this purpose, this paper examines the impact of supplier change on enterprise innovation with the moderating role of market competition.
Design/methodology/approach
Using 2012–2020 empirical data of Chinese listed manufacturing enterprises, this paper investigates the relationship among supplier change, market competition and enterprise innovation through a two-way interaction model.
Findings
The results show that supplier change has a negative impact on enterprise innovation. And market competition intensifies the negative relationship between supplier change and enterprise innovation. Additional analyses indicate that the main effect and the moderating effect are more significant when the enterprise is non-state-owned or has lower ownership concentration.
Originality/value
This paper studies enterprise innovation from the perspective of external stakeholders. It focuses on supplier relationship in a dynamic variation view, instead of the traditional static ones. Moreover, this paper explores the contingency effect of market competition and gives practical implications for managers to adjust innovation strategy flexibly.