The quality of labor‐market entry achieved by newly qualified apprentices in West Germany from 1948 to 1992 is analyzed. A bivariate probit model, using data from the BIBB/IAB…
Abstract
The quality of labor‐market entry achieved by newly qualified apprentices in West Germany from 1948 to 1992 is analyzed. A bivariate probit model, using data from the BIBB/IAB employment survey, is applied to estimate simultaneously the quality of the school‐to‐apprenticeship transition and that of the apprenticeship‐to‐work transition. This shows that school leavers with lower levels of general education are selected into apprenticeships with less favorable employment prospects in all analyzed time periods. However, when controlling for this selection effect, it is only in the most recent period that lower academic achievers are further penalized for the shortcomings in their general education at the apprenticeship‐to‐work transition. Furthermore, the crowding‐out of trainees with lower levels of general education can be observed in both the less demanding and the more challenging occupational fields.
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Felix Bu¨chel and Matthias Pollmann‐Schult
Tests the hypothesis that overeducation is contingent upon the differing human capital endowments of employees. The analyses are based on data from the German Life History Study…
Abstract
Tests the hypothesis that overeducation is contingent upon the differing human capital endowments of employees. The analyses are based on data from the German Life History Study (GLHS). Applies a trivariate probit model which takes into account the selective acquisition of school qualifications, and the selective choice of vocational training programs with varying levels of quality. The findings confirm that the type of school diploma obtained has a strong effect on the later risk of overeducation. Furthermore, in the case of the intermediate school diploma – the qualification typically held by those entering initial vocational training in Germany – the grade attained also proves to have a strong effect on the risk of overeducation. In line with the existing literature, this paper finds that the risk of overeducation decreases as traditional human capital endowments such as experience, tenure, and on‐the‐job‐training increase.
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Ali B. Mahmoud, Leonora Fuxman, Yousra Asaad and Konstantinos Solakis
The Metaverse is rapidly reshaping the understanding of tourism, yet the public perception of this new domain remains largely uncharted empirically. This paper aims to build on…
Abstract
Purpose
The Metaverse is rapidly reshaping the understanding of tourism, yet the public perception of this new domain remains largely uncharted empirically. This paper aims to build on the technology acceptance model (TAM) and diffusion of innovations theory (DIT) to fill this gap, offering crucial insights that could inform scholars and practitioners in both the tourism and technology sectors.
Design/methodology/approach
Using a big-data approach, the authors applied machine learning to scrape comments made by social media users on recent popular posts or videos related to tourism in the Metaverse from three prominent social media platforms. The cleaning process narrowed down 15,461 comments to 2,650, which were then analysed using thematic, emotion and sentiment analysis techniques.
Findings
The thematic analysis revealed that virtual tourism evokes a complex range of public beliefs. While many express awe and excitement toward its immersive capabilities, others remain sceptical about authenticity compared to physical travel. Additional themes show people draw comparisons to real-world tourism, discuss technology’s role and note educational value and novelty. However, some comments raise concerns about potential societal harms, exploitation and mental health impacts. Sentiment analysis found over half of the comments positive, though some were negative. Emotion analysis showed contentment, happiness and excitement as most frequent, though sadness, worry and loneliness also featured. Overall, perceptions of Metaverse tourism encompass enthusiasm yet substantial ambivalence.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the first to comprehensively analyse public discussions on Metaverse tourism. It takes TAM and Rogers’s DIT a step further and provides fresh insights into how these theories can be employed in the emerging field of Metaverse tourism. The themes revealed new conceptual insights into multidimensional factors shaping public beliefs about Metaverse tourism and thus informing scholarly research on virtual interaction and technology acceptance regarding Metaverse tourism. In addition, the results can help tourism providers, platforms and marketers address salient public beliefs and sentiments/attitudes in developing marketing offerings, experiences and communications. Over time, this analysis methodology can be used to track the evolving public perceptions of Metaverse tourism.
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Álvaro Hernández-Tamurejo, María Fernández-Fernández and Paula González-Padilla
This study investigates Generation Z’s perceptions of entrepreneurial innovation through the Metaverse, including user perceptions of privacy and trust, and their impact on the…
Abstract
Purpose
This study investigates Generation Z’s perceptions of entrepreneurial innovation through the Metaverse, including user perceptions of privacy and trust, and their impact on the acceptance of Metaverse technology.
Design/methodology/approach
Using a quantitative approach to examine relationships between the targeted factors, this study employs a structural equation modeling (SEM) based on the technology acceptance model extended with the variables related to privacy, trust and product innovation. The data were collected through a survey distributed to a representative sample of Gen Z individuals.
Findings
The results reveal that user perception of trust and product innovation positively influences attitudes toward using the Metaverse and the behavioral intention to use it. However, while privacy risk is found to significantly influence trust, it does not affect user attitudes or intention to use the Metaverse.
Practical implications
The results of this study provide useful insights for enterprises, raising considerations to maximize the innovative potential of the Metaverse in the current business ecosystem. The understanding of Gen Z’s perceptions can help enterprises to better adapt their innovation management practices so as to effectively engage this demographic, ensuring the successful adoption of Metaverse technologies.
Originality/value
This study is among the first empirical investigations on the impact of Gen Z on innovation management through the Metaverse, which is an emerging and increasingly important area.
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Simplice Asongu and Nicholas M. Odhiambo
The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between tourism and social media from a cross section of 138 countries with data for the year 2012.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between tourism and social media from a cross section of 138 countries with data for the year 2012.
Design/methodology/approach
The empirical evidence is based on Ordinary Least Squares, Negative Binomial and Quantile Regressions.
Findings
Two main findings are established. First, there is a positive relationship between Facebook penetration and the number of tourist arrivals. Second, Facebook penetration is more relevant in promoting tourist arrivals in countries where initial levels in tourist arrivals are the highest and low. The established positive relationship can be elucidated from four principal angles: the transformation of travel research, the rise in social sharing, improvements in customer service and the reshaping of travel agencies.
Originality/value
This study explores a new data set on social media. There are very few empirical studies on the relevance of social media in development outcomes.