Faye Banks, Amy Fielden, David O'Sullivan and Barry Ingham
Research into culture within intellectual disability services, has predominantly focussed on small group homes in Australia. The current investigation aimed to explore the…
Abstract
Purpose
Research into culture within intellectual disability services, has predominantly focussed on small group homes in Australia. The current investigation aimed to explore the transferability of the dimensions of culture identified in the literature, to a residential Intellectual Disability service in the UK. The purpose of this study was to better understand the impact of informal culture upon the behaviour of direct care staff, particularly around managing behaviour that challenges.
Design/methodology/approach
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with direct care staff. Interview transcripts were analysed thematically using template analysis.
Findings
Themes regarding leadership, perceptions of managers, team functioning, and relationships between direct care staff and service users, were identified, corroborating the existing literature. Additional themes relating to being aware of the risks posed by service users, and the emotional impact of behaviour that challenges, also emerged.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first qualitative study to explore informal culture within a community residential Intellectual Disability service in the UK.
Details
Keywords
Joseph Mbawuni and Simon Gyasi Nimako
This study aims to examine consumer perception of introduction of Islamic banking (IB) in Ghana, which is a new and emerging form of banking in many non-Islamic countries.
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to examine consumer perception of introduction of Islamic banking (IB) in Ghana, which is a new and emerging form of banking in many non-Islamic countries.
Design/methodology/approach
Empirical field data were collected from a sample of 975 respondents using self-administered structured questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was conducted using SPSS version 16.
Findings
Muslim respondents have significantly positive perceptions of IB compared to non-Muslims and have stronger intentions to adopt IB in Ghana than non-Muslims. Non-Muslims have high perceived benefit of IB. Non-Muslim respondents do not perceive potential threat of violence associated with the introduction of IB in Ghana. Although non-Muslims perceive IB that would make Islam popular, they do not perceive it as a means of Islamizing bank customers. Relatively, non-Muslims appear to have low knowledge of IB, unfavourable attitude towards IB, are reluctant to comply with Sharia law and consequently have weaker intentions to adopt IB.
Research limitations/implications
This study was limited to descriptive analysis and to only Ghana. Future research should quantitatively model IB adoption and switching factors using samples from other developing countries.
Practical implications
IB institutions could focus on attracting a niche of Muslim consumers at its initial stages. Moreover, to facilitate the introduction of IB, the Bank of Ghana and other relevant stakeholders, in addition to establishing effective governance structures, must promote consumer education to enhance consumer knowledge of IB and correct misconceptions about IB among consumers, particularly non-Muslim customers.
Originality/value
One unique contribution of this study is that it provides an initial empirical exploration of consumers’ attitude and perceptions of IB in Ghana, which is an under-researched area.
Details
Keywords
Dimas Satria Hardianto and Permata Wulandari
The aim of this research is to compare the differences of intermediation, fee-based service activity and efficiency of conventional banks vs Islamic banks in Indonesia for the…
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this research is to compare the differences of intermediation, fee-based service activity and efficiency of conventional banks vs Islamic banks in Indonesia for the 2011-2013 period. Moreover, this study also includes some control variables to find their effect on the dependent variables.
Design/methodology/approach
This research uses two methods, namely, stochastic frontier approach and panel data regression.
Findings
The result indicates that Islamic banks have a higher intermediation ratio, have higher proportion on fee income-to-total operating income and are less efficient. The control variable that has a positively significant effect on intermediation ratio is size; meanwhile, inefficiency and non–loan-earning asset are negatively affecting the intermediation ratio. The control variable that show a positively significant effect on the proportion of fee income-to-total operating income is size; meanwhile, the credit risk variable has no significant effect on the proportion of fee income-to-total operating income. Size and credit risk are the control variables that have a negative relation to efficiency.
Originality/value
This study has significantly contributed to Indonesian Islamic banking based on which the Islamic banking manager should recognize that the intermediation level, fee-based service activity and efficiency are crucially important in establishing competition and maintaining sustainable Islamic banking.
Details
Keywords
Joseph Mbawuni and Simon Gyasi Nimako
This study aims to examine factors affecting the adoption of Islamic banking (IB), which is an innovative and emerging form of banking, in a non-Islamic Sub-Saharan African (SSA…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to examine factors affecting the adoption of Islamic banking (IB), which is an innovative and emerging form of banking, in a non-Islamic Sub-Saharan African (SSA) country.
Design/methodology/approach
It used primary data collected from a cross-section of 975 respondents using self-administered structured questionnaire. Empirical data were analysed using SPSS version 16 and partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) for Muslim and non-Muslim groups.
Findings
Consumer attitude, readiness to comply with Sharia law, knowledge, perceived innovativeness and perceived benefits were critical determinants of bank customers’ intention to adopt IB in both Muslim and non-Muslim sub-groups. The least influential factors were perceived religion effect (PRE) and perceived threat of violence (PTV). PTV was not a significant factor to non-Muslims, but it was a significantly negative factor to Muslims’ intentions to adopt IB. PRE has a positive influence on Muslims’ intention to adopt IB, but it has a negative effective on non-Muslims’ adoption intentions.
Research limitations/implications
This study is limited to only bank customers in Ghana. Moreover, service quality factors were not included in the research model because IB is yet to be given full-fledged operational license in Ghana. Future research should extend the study to other emerging countries to improve the generalizability of the findings.
Practical implications
Policymakers are encouraged to develop stakeholder-oriented strategies to promote effective consumer education in IB. Also, IB institution should endeavour to develop innovative financial products that are Sharia-compliant and economically beneficial to individual and business needs of bank customers. Moreover, policymakers and management of IB institutions should ensure effect governance structures to guide IB operations.
Originality/value
This study provides initial structural equation modelling of determinants of IB adoption in emerging countries and provides empirical evidence on the spread of IB in non-Islamic SSA, which is an under-researched area. It is the first study to empirically report on the influence of PTV, readiness to compliance Sharia law and perceived innovativeness of IB on intentions to adopt IB in non-Islamic SSA context.
Details
Keywords
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the evolution of Islamic banking in Nigeria.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the evolution of Islamic banking in Nigeria.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper adopts a qualitative approach using 25 semi-structured interviews together with documentary analysis to analyse how Islamic banking has evolved in Nigeria.
Findings
The paper demonstrates that the evolution of Islamic banking in Nigeria arose from a relationship between various human and non-human actors. The development was shaped by the Nigerian socio-economic environment, particularly the wealthy Muslim segment and the poor performance of the economy.
Practical implications
The study’s findings have practical implications for how governments in countries with diverse religions or ethnicities should take action when introducing new practices or concepts, such as Islamic finance, that align with one religion or ethnicity. The findings of this study suggest that publicising what the new practice or concept is in advance to the entire populace will enhance understanding and subsequent acceptance.
Originality/value
The paper differs from previous studies on the development of Islamic banking in two ways. First, it provides a contextual account of the various factors that have influenced the development of Islamic banking in Nigeria, a sub-Saharan Africa country for which research on Islamic banking is sparse. Second, the paper is unique in analysing how Islamic banking emerged as a process of actor-network formation.
Details
Keywords
Fatima Mohammed, Michael J. Barrowclough, Michelle L. Kibler and Maria A. Boerngen
Financial inclusion is an issue of importance and increasing concern worldwide, particularly to policymakers across Africa and the rest of the developing world. The purpose of…
Abstract
Purpose
Financial inclusion is an issue of importance and increasing concern worldwide, particularly to policymakers across Africa and the rest of the developing world. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the level of usage of formal financial services among Ghanaian agricultural households as well as factors influencing these levels.
Design/methodology/approach
Financial inclusion indicators associated with the usage of formal financial services are selected from the 2017 Ghana Living Standard Survey. Using these indicators, an index measuring the level of usage of formal financial services is developed. A multinomial logistic regression model is implemented to analyze the possible effect that farm and household characteristics have on index measures.
Findings
Usage of formal financial services is very low among agricultural households, with many households using no financial products or services. Household expenditure, education, religion, geographic location, and the use of informal financial services were found to be consistent factors impacting household financial inclusion levels.
Practical implications
Findings may assist policymakers in designing policy schemes aimed at improving access to and usage of financial services for Ghanaian agricultural households. This may lead to a more inclusive financial system with the potential to improve the livelihood of agricultural households and contribute to Ghana's overall economic development.
Originality/value
A household-level index measuring usage of formal financial services was developed and characteristics influencing said index measures were examined, providing a more holistic view and understanding of factors influencing usage decisions.
Details
Keywords
This chapter examines various conditions for optimality in financial inclusion. The optimal level of financial inclusion is achieved when basic financial services are provided to…
Abstract
This chapter examines various conditions for optimality in financial inclusion. The optimal level of financial inclusion is achieved when basic financial services are provided to members of the population at a price that is affordable and that price is also economically sufficient to encourage providers of financial services to provide such financial services on a continual basis. Any level of financial inclusion that does not meet these conditions is sub-optimal and incentive-inefficient both for users and providers of financial services.
Details
Keywords
Francis Agyekum, Krishna Reddy, Yun Shen and Damien Wallace
This study investigates how finance contributes to socioeconomic development through an inclusive financial system and the impact of financial inclusion programs pursued by non…
Abstract
Purpose
This study investigates how finance contributes to socioeconomic development through an inclusive financial system and the impact of financial inclusion programs pursued by non-bank financial institutions (NBFIs) in Ghana.
Design/methodology/approach
In this study, we leverage a rich, nationally representative household survey (ICPSR, 2014) from 17 Ghanaian MFIs (1,629 households), sponsored by the World Bank, to analyze microfinance impacts using a generalized method of moment (GMM) and channel analysis.
Findings
Our findings reveal a statistically significant positive impact of donor-funded financial inclusion projects on targeted households’ welfare, regardless of implementing agency (donor, government or microfinance institution). The channel analysis further suggests that credit unions and savings and loan (S&L) institutions may be particularly effective conduits for delivering these welfare gains through financial inclusion programs. These findings hold valuable insights for funders seeking to maximize the welfare impact of such interventions: credit unions and S&Ls may be preferential channels for delivering financial inclusion programs aimed at improving household well-being.
Research limitations/implications
The poverty-reducing impact of informal non-bank financial intermediaries like credit unions and susu groups highlights the need for policies that integrate these institutions into the formal financial system. Therefore, donor-funded initiatives should not rely solely on local government implementation. Since the focus of this study is on Ghana, we caution readers to exercise caution when generalizing the findings to other jurisdictions.
Practical implications
The World Bank/IMF-backed financial sector reform in Ghana has many important implications for financial inclusion and welfare impacts which are rare in other jurisdictions. Our finding has policy implications for agencies that wish to translate financial inclusion into significant economic inclusion, especially in middle- and low-income countries (LICs) where the COVID-19 pandemic and the global impact of the recent war in Ukraine could exacerbate the exclusion gap.
Originality/value
The focus of this study is to understand if MFIs, funded by different sources, can contribute to inclusive growth and welfare. This research employs channel analysis, considering that donor and government programs are often channeled through community-based NBFIs and offer key contributions to the existing body of knowledge on financial inclusion and household welfare. This study extends the current literature by providing a deeper understanding of the role of each NBFI type in deepening financial inclusion and improving household welfare and allows policymakers, donors and governments to target inclusion efforts for maximum impact.
Details
Keywords
This paper aims to evaluate the credit risk of Islamic and conventional banks and its relationship with the capital in 14 countries of the Middle East and North Africa region. To…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to evaluate the credit risk of Islamic and conventional banks and its relationship with the capital in 14 countries of the Middle East and North Africa region. To do this, a sample of 58 Islamic banks and 89 conventional banks during the 2005-2015 period was used.
Design/methodology/approach
In fact to measure the difference between Islamic banks and their conventional counterparts in terms of credit risk, the generalized method of moments is used.
Findings
The results showed that the conventional model has a higher credit risk than the Islamic one. These results also showed that the larger an Islamic bank is, the higher its credit risk will be to get closer to that of conventional banks.
Originality/value
This investigation is based on actual data for each bank available in the Bank-Scope database provided by the Van Dijik office (2013). It should be noted that almost all the recent empirical studies interested in the world banking sector essentially use this database.