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Article
Publication date: 6 April 2020

Ahmet Korkmaz and Fatih Oz

Heterocyclic aromatic amines are mutagenic and/or carcinogenic compounds formed during cooking of meat. Therefore, the formation levels of them should be reduced. For this aim…

488

Abstract

Purpose

Heterocyclic aromatic amines are mutagenic and/or carcinogenic compounds formed during cooking of meat. Therefore, the formation levels of them should be reduced. For this aim, the purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of dry breadcrumb in meatball production on the formation of heterocyclic aromatic amines. In addition, the effect of dry breadcrumb on some quality parameters of the meatballs was also investigated.

Design/methodology/approach

Meatball dough with 15 percent fat was divided into four parts, where one group was selected as the control group (without dry breadcrumb). In the other three groups, dry breadcrumb was added in various ratios of 5 percent, 10 percent and 15 percent (w/w). Then, meatball dough was stored at 4 °C for 3 h and shaped into meatballs with a metal shaping device (7 × 1 cm). For some of the quality parameters, water, pH, cooking loss and TBARS analyses were done in the samples. Heterocyclic aromatic amine analysis was done in only cooked samples according to solid phase extraction.

Findings

The use of dry breadcrumb in meatball production decreased water content and cooking loss. As cooking temperature increased, water contents and cooking loss of meatball decreased. PhIP, AαC and MeAαC were not detected in any of the samples analyzed. As cooking temperature increased, total amount of HCAs increased and ranged between 0.05 and 0.51 ng/g. While the use of dry breadcrumb in the meatball production increased IQ content of the meatballs, the use of 5 percent dry breadcrumb caused a decrease in the total HAA content (28.57–66.67 percent) for all cooking temperatures.

Originality/value

Many research studies including our study in the literature were conducted on formation and reduction of HAAs in meat and meat products. However, although dry breadcrumb is frequently used both in domestic and commercial meatball formulations; to the best of our knowledge, effect of using dry breadcrumb in meatball production on HAAs formation has not been investigated in the literature. Therefore, in the present study, the effects of the use of dry breadcrumb in meatball production on some quality parameters and formation of HAAs in meatballs cooked at 150 °C, 200 °C and 250 °C were determined.

Details

British Food Journal, vol. 122 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0007-070X

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Article
Publication date: 19 July 2024

Fatih Huzeyfe Öztürk

Adhesive bonding is critical to the effectiveness and structural integrity of 3D printed components. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of joint configuration…

197

Abstract

Purpose

Adhesive bonding is critical to the effectiveness and structural integrity of 3D printed components. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of joint configuration on failure loads to improve the design and performance of single lap joints (SLJs) in 3D printed parts.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, adherends were fabricated using material extrusion 3D printing technology with polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG). A toughened methacrylate adhesive was chosen to bond the SLJs after adherend printing. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to examine the effect of the independent variables of failure load, manufacturing time and mass on the dependent variable of joint configuration; adherend thickness (3.2, 4.0, 4.8, 5.6, 6.4, and 7.2 mm) and overlap lengths (12.7, 25.4, 38.1, and 50.8 mm) of 3D printed PETG SLJs.

Findings

The strength of the joints improved significantly with the increase in overlap length and adherend thickness, although the relationship was not linear. The maximum failure load occurred with a thickness of 7.2 mm and an overlap of 50.8 mm, whilst the minimum failure load was determined with a thickness of 3.2 mm and an overlap of 12.7 mm. The RSM findings show that the optimum failure load was achieved with an adherend thickness of 3.6 mm and an overlap length of 37.9 mm for SLJ.

Originality/value

This study provides insight into the optimum failure load for 3D printed SLJs, reducing SLJ production time and mass, producing lightweight structures due to the nature of 3D printing, and increasing the use of these parts in load-bearing applications.

Details

Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 30 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-2546

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Book part
Publication date: 30 March 2016

Evren Savcı

Departing from Turkish national debates around Islam, national belonging, and homosexuality during 2008–2011, this paper shows how “LGBT rights” discourses ultimately worked to…

Abstract

Departing from Turkish national debates around Islam, national belonging, and homosexuality during 2008–2011, this paper shows how “LGBT rights” discourses ultimately worked to position Muslim headscarf activists as against LGBT activists by rendering complex positions that do not follow easy “for vs. against” LGBT rights political formulas as “homophobic.” In return, this foreclosed potential solidarities differently injured citizens could have formed against increasing neoliberal state violence. I show that the multitude of Muslim women’s positions on the issue of LGBT rights complicates easy religious/secular binaries and illuminates how it is not only human rights discourses but also their “Western” critiques that travel transnationally. This story also contributes to current debates on postsecularism by illustrating how the same national context can house both liberal rights frameworks that can be used against pious Muslim subjects, and a monopolization of a definition of Islam for state power. Finally, I offer “politics of cruelty” and “right to sin” as alternative frameworks for imagining social justice outside of liberal rights-based politics.

Details

Perverse Politics? Feminism, Anti-Imperialism, Multiplicity
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78635-074-9

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Article
Publication date: 6 November 2007

Betül Ayhan‐Sarac, Bekir Karlık, Tülin Bali and Teoman Ayhan

The purpose of this paper is to study experimentally enhancement of heat transfer in a tube with axial swirling‐flow promoters. The geometric features of flow geometry to improve…

689

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study experimentally enhancement of heat transfer in a tube with axial swirling‐flow promoters. The geometric features of flow geometry to improve heat transfer can be selected in order to yield the maximum opposite reduction in heat exchange flow irreversibility by using exergy‐destruction method. The paper seeks to illustrate the use of neural network approach to analyze heat transfer enhancement data for further study in the scope of the experimental program.

Design/methodology/approach

For this purpose, 402 experimental measurements are collected. About 225 of those are used as training data for neural networks, the rest is used for testing. Then, these testing results of artificial neural network (ANN) and experimental data are compared. A formula for presenting exergy loses in a tubular heat exchanger is derived first and then the thermodynamic optimum instead of economic optimum is found by minimizing the exergy losses in the system.

Findings

Results from all configurations studied show that the heat transfer rate of the heated increases when the swirling‐flow promoter is inserted. From the heat transfer improvement number defined, it is observed that about 100 percent increase in heat transfer rate and five times increase in the pressure drop can be achieved under the condition of constant flow for the single promoter which has three blades, its blade angle is 30° and its location is in the middle of the tube length.

Research limitations/implications

The back‐propagation (BP) algorithm was selected as the neural network algorithm, which uses the generalized delta learning rule. The training time of BP algorithm is considerably long. However, the testing of our neural network is real‐time.

Practical implications

The experimental setup is established to collect the experimental data. It consists of an entrance region, test region (heat exchanger and steam generator), and, flow measurement and control. Also, a software program of neural networks trained BP is written by using Pascal high‐level languages.

Originality/value

An alternative and new approach is proposed in the paper to find optimum flow geometry for a pipe flow with an axial swirling‐flow promoter inserts. It is too difficult to predict the response of a complex physical system that cannot be easily modeled mathematically. The result thus obtained compare well with experimental results, but the computational effort of the ANN and time required in the analysis is much faster as compared. These results show that the ANN can be used efficiently for prediction.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 17 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

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Article
Publication date: 10 February 2025

Irem Kose and Gulden Gumusburun Ayalp

This study aims to outline the transformative impacts of technological developments (TD) on architectural education (AE). The focus is on studying the dynamics of convergence and…

19

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to outline the transformative impacts of technological developments (TD) on architectural education (AE). The focus is on studying the dynamics of convergence and erosion, aiming to understand the impact of current digital transformations such as the COVID-19 pandemic, sustainability considerations and technology integration on AE.

Design/methodology/approach

A scientometric analysis and bibliometric search were performed to understand the current knowledge in the field. The Web of Science (WoS) was selected for its comprehensive collection of significant research articles and integrated analytical tools for generating representative data. The study involved an extensive bibliometric analysis of 131 journal articles on TD in AE from 2000 to 2023. Subsequently, the VOSviewer software was employed to illuminate the transformative impacts of technological advancements on AE. Robust methodologies, including citation analysis and co-citation networks, unravel quantitative dimensions such as publication trends, influential authors, prolific journals, geographic distribution and prevalent themes or technological domains within the discourse.

Findings

The findings reveal significant evolution in AE due to TD, with notable shifts influenced by factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic, sustainability concerns and the integration of modern technologies. Key findings include the increasing adoption of online platforms and technologies like Building Information Modeling (BIM), the crucial role of design thinking methodologies and the recognition of innovative modules such as architectural photogrammetry and augmented reality (AR) applications. Furthermore, keyword clusters were classified into six groups: “AE pedagogy and curriculum development,” “Development of architectural design process and studio,” “Educational approaches and digitalization in architectural design,” “Transition to online AE,” “Development/emergence of photogrammetry at architectural education” and “use of AR.”

Originality/value

Although several studies have addressed TD in AE from various perspectives and methods, they have yet to investigate the subject using scientometric analysis from a holistic perspective. A holistic exploration of TD in AE still needs to be improved in the existing literature. In contrast to previous investigations, this study is the first to leverage the quantitative analytical capabilities of VOSviewer. The originality lies in uncovering quantitative dimensions such as publication trends, influential authors and prevalent themes, providing a comprehensive understanding of the nuanced dimensions of this evolving intersection.

Details

Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0969-9988

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