I am delighted that Darrat has taken the trouble to re‐estimate his original function as suggested by my earlier comment. However, I find that his reply to my comment was highly…
Abstract
I am delighted that Darrat has taken the trouble to re‐estimate his original function as suggested by my earlier comment. However, I find that his reply to my comment was highly selective and neglected the stability test of the function in its new form. A stable function is pertinent to the purpose of the model and its conclusions as original predicted.
In a recent article in this journal Ali Darrat estimated a money demand function for Saudi Arabia (1962/I‐1981/IV) showing that domestic money holdings were significantly…
Abstract
In a recent article in this journal Ali Darrat estimated a money demand function for Saudi Arabia (1962/I‐1981/IV) showing that domestic money holdings were significantly influenced by external factors: foreign interest rates and currency exchange rates. This comment is intended to clarify some basic misconceptions about the scale variable he used in this function, which may affect the validity of his strong empirical evidence.
The main objective of my article, (Darrat, 1984), was to examine the sensitivity of domestic money demand in Saudi Arabia to changes in external monetary and financial factors…
Abstract
The main objective of my article, (Darrat, 1984), was to examine the sensitivity of domestic money demand in Saudi Arabia to changes in external monetary and financial factors such as foreign interest rates. Regression results over the quarterly period 1962/I‐1981/IV indicated that the Saudi money demand was significantly influenced by movements in foreign short‐term interest rates and currency exchange rates.
The purpose of this paper is to analyze consumer switching behavior, which in the retail banking sector is of outmost importance, particularly during financial crises and in their…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze consumer switching behavior, which in the retail banking sector is of outmost importance, particularly during financial crises and in their ensuing consolidation pressures. Moreover, research indicates that cultural values play a critical role in determining a customer’s likelihood to switch the service provider. The theory of planned behavior offers a comprehensive theoretical framework for an understanding of this behavior. Its application implies that switching is influenced not only by one’s attitudes toward changing banking service providers, but also by the merger situation at hand, the influence of significant others, and whether the switching decision is under one’s behavioral control.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper scrutinizes the merger between Lloyds TSB and Halifax Bank of Scotland in the Spanish market, with a focus on the differences between British and Spanish consumers. In all, 30 face-to-face exploratory interviews were conducted with a sample of customers from both nationalities selected through a purposive sampling technique.
Findings
The results indicate that the switching behavior within the banking sector is largely determined by one’s cultural background. While individualistic consumers are more prone to switch banks, collectivist consumers are highly risk averse and are unwilling to lose the established relations with a bank’s personnel. These particular characteristics make them unlikely to switch banks irrespective of a merger and its related consequences.
Originality/value
This paper examines the impact of cross-cultural differences on consumer switching motivations and intentions in the particular case of a real-life banks’ merger.
Details
Keywords
Shahid Adeel, Fazal-Ur Rehman, Ayesha Amin, Nimra Amin, Fatima Batool, Atya Hassan and Meral Ozomay
This study aims to observe the coloring efficacy of coffee-based natural brown colorant for cotton dyeing under microwave (MW) treatment.
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to observe the coloring efficacy of coffee-based natural brown colorant for cotton dyeing under microwave (MW) treatment.
Design/methodology/approach
The colorant extracted in particular (neutral and acidic) media was stimulated by MW treatment up to 6 min. Dyeing variables were optimized and 2–10 g/100 mL of sustainable anchors (mordants) have been used to get colorfast shades.
Findings
It has been found that un-irradiated acidic extract (RE) containing 5% of table salt at 80 °C for 50 min has given high color yield onto MW-irradiated cotton fabric (RC = 2 min). The utilization of 2% of Fe, 10% of tannic acid and 10% of sodium potassium tartrate before bio-coloration, whereas 4% of Fe, 10% of tannic acid and 6% of sodium potassium tartrate after bio-coloration has given good color characteristics. In comparison the application of 6% of pomegranate and turmeric extracts before bio-coloration and 6% of pomegranate and 10% of turmeric extracts after bio-coloration have given good color characteristics. New bio-mordants can be added to get more new colorfast shades.
Research limitations/implications
There is no research limitation for this work. New bio-mordants can be added to get more new colorfast shades.
Practical implications
This work has practical application for artisans, textile industry and handicrafts. It is concluded that colorant from coffee beans can be possible alternative of synthetic brown dyes and inclusion of MW rays for extraction and plant molecules as shade developers can make process more green.
Social implications
Socially, it has good impact on eco-system and global community because the effluent load is not carcinogenic in nature.
Originality/value
The work is original and contains value-added product for textiles and other allied fields.