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Article
Publication date: 6 August 2019

Ghazala Khan and Faiza Khan

The purpose of this study is to investigate what cues or surrogate indicators Muslims use to determine whether restaurants are suitable for dining purposes in the absence of the…

1033

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate what cues or surrogate indicators Muslims use to determine whether restaurants are suitable for dining purposes in the absence of the halal logo and to examine if the cues used are different among Muslims from non-Muslim countries as opposed to Muslims from Muslim countries.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected via semi-structured interviews in one Muslim majority (Malaysia) and one non-Muslim country (the UK). A total of 16 adults participated in the study with an equal representation from both countries.

Findings

In the absence of the halal logo, participants relied on extrinsic cues such as the presence of other Muslim-looking customers and service personnel to determine whether a restaurant was deemed safe for dining in. The location of a restaurant was a strong indicator for Muslims in both Muslim and non-Muslim countries. In the absence of the halal logo, participants read the menus carefully, queried the service personnel for additional information and selected safer options, such as vegetarian and seafood.

Research limitations/implications

The study used a small sample, and therefore, the findings are tentative.

Practical implications

Given the growth of Muslim population in many non-Muslim countries, it is important for restaurants in non-Muslim countries not to marginalize this customer base. Trust is a key issue and service providers without the halal logo should gain the trust of Muslim customers by training service personnel and equipping them with knowledge of what halal means, developing menus with vegetarian and seafood options, providing detailed information on ingredients and communicating this on their websites and social media sites. They could also consider working with Muslim food and travel bloggers to promote themselves to a Muslim audience. They can develop a more Muslim sympathetic marketing approach and consider using separate cooking and serving utensils to gain trust and patronage of Muslim customers as well as to appeal to a larger market (vegans/vegetarians).

Originality/value

The present study is one of the first studies that concentrates on gaining an insight into how Muslims make decision pertaining to the selection and dining at a restaurant in the absence of the halal logo. A major contribution of the study is the identification of cues that assist Muslims when evaluating and selecting alternative food options in the absence of a halal logo.

Details

Journal of Islamic Marketing, vol. 11 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1759-0833

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Article
Publication date: 13 November 2017

Faiza Khan and Michelle Callanan

The purpose of this paper is to address the confusing use of terminology associated with tourism undertaken by Muslims and to identify key concerns associated with this type of…

4152

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to address the confusing use of terminology associated with tourism undertaken by Muslims and to identify key concerns associated with this type of tourism.

Design/methodology/approach

This is an exploratory study and adopts a critical review of literature following the evolutionary concept analysis method. Content analysis of popular UK media, UK-based tour operators’ websites and tourism strategies of destinations popular with Muslim tourists were conducted to examine the use of terminology.

Findings

There is no clear difference between the various terms (halal, Muslim friendly, Islamic, etc.) used. Overall, academia uses the term Islamic tourism, while the industry and media use various terms. Among destinations, however, there is no clear and consistent use of terminology. A key concern of Islamic tourism is the role of certification in assuring travellers and the lack of standardisation of halal certification.

Research limitations/implications

The paper is based on literature review and secondary data analysis. It lacks primary research.

Practical implications

This study highlights the need for consistent use of terminology across industry. Another implication is the issue surrounding halal certification of food and the importance of trust in the seller/service provide. Another trend that industry providers need to consider is the growth of the Muslim millennial traveller and the needs of this market segment.

Originality/value

The paper highlights the importance of studying the Muslim tourist market and provides a starting point for further research. It highlights several issues such as the need to develop a typology of Muslim tourists. Of particular interest is the concern whether halal values in danger of being commodified in the absence of a universal agreed criterion for halal certification.

Details

Journal of Islamic Marketing, vol. 8 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1759-0833

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Article
Publication date: 4 December 2018

Ghazala Khan and Faiza Khan

The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a measurement scale for determining the “Halalness” of restaurants and related behaviour among Muslim consumers in the absence…

581

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a measurement scale for determining the “Halalness” of restaurants and related behaviour among Muslim consumers in the absence of the halal logo. The study responded to scholarly calls for further research in exploring the consumption practices of Muslims.

Design/methodology/approach

The scale was developed and validated using a rigorous methodology recommended in the scale development literature. The study used a total sample of 438 (66 respondents for pilot study, 208 for exploratory survey and 164 for the confirmatory survey) to collect the data. Reliability and validity of the measurement scale was established through average variance extracted, Cronbach’s alpha, composite reliability, critical ratios and discriminant validity.

Findings

The results from the exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory analysis propose a three-dimensional measurement scale with 14 items for establishing the “Halalness” of restaurants and including social servicescape; neighbourhood and behaviour.

Research limitations/implications

The study was unable to validate a number of cues and behaviour such as the presence of images in the restaurant or consumer responses to the presence of alcohol. The researchers are therefore encouraged to test these cues.

Originality/value

The study addresses a gap in Islamic literature, and it is among the first to provide conceptualisation and empirically validate a scale for measuring the “Halalness” of restaurants. The scale was tested and validated based on samples drawn from two different countries, thereby allowing for generalizability.

Details

Journal of Islamic Marketing, vol. 10 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1759-0833

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Article
Publication date: 21 March 2023

Wasim Qazi, Zubaida Qazi, Syed Ali Raza, Faiza Hakim Shah and Komal Akram Khan

The present research aims to investigate the impact of “COVID-19 phobia” factors (psychological, social, economic and psychosomatic) on career anxiety and perceived distress…

385

Abstract

Purpose

The present research aims to investigate the impact of “COVID-19 phobia” factors (psychological, social, economic and psychosomatic) on career anxiety and perceived distress. Further, this research assesses whether career anxiety and perceived distress foster or diminish students' employability confidence.

Design/methodology/approach

“Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM)” has been used to analyze the data.

Findings

The results depict that factors (psychological, economic and psychosomatic) are positively and significantly associated with career anxiety and perceived distress. However, social factors indicate an adverse impact on perceived distress. Further, career anxiety and perceived distress positively influence employability confidence, but the associations are not highly impactful.

Originality/value

This research elucidates an unexplored phenomenon in the context of a developing country that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) phobia scale (i.e. psychological, social, economic and psychosomatic) result in career anxiety and distress. Moreover, no studies highlighted the direct impact of career anxiety and perceived distress on employability confidence.

Details

Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, vol. 16 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2050-7003

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Article
Publication date: 1 August 2023

Syed Ali Raza, Komal Akram Khan and Faiza Hakim

The study aims to inspect the impact of employees’ perception of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and their spiritual values on their affective commitment and job…

793

Abstract

Purpose

The study aims to inspect the impact of employees’ perception of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and their spiritual values on their affective commitment and job satisfaction, which in turn may promote organizational citizenship behavior. Furthermore, this study examines the moderating effect of Islamic work ethics to identify whether they strengthen or weaken the proposed associations.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey instrument was devised to collect data from employees. The statistical analysis of the data was conducted using the Smart PLS software. Additionally, the research uses the “Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM)” technique.

Findings

The findings of the study suggest that employees’ perception of CSR exhibits a positive association with affective commitment and job satisfaction. Likewise, employees’ spiritual values demonstrate a positive and significant correlation with affective commitment and job satisfaction. Finally, the outcomes reveal that affective commitment and job satisfaction play a major role in fostering organizational citizenship behavior. Moreover, Islamic work ethics positively and significantly moderate the relationship between employee CSR perception and affective commitment and between employee CSR perception and job satisfaction.

Originality/value

This research study endeavors to fill the gaps in the current literature by investigating two crucial aspects of employees: their perception of CSR and spiritual values. Additionally, the study includes Islamic work ethics as a moderator to provide a more comprehensive understanding of how these factors contribute to fostering organizational citizenship behavior. This work highlights the significance of spiritual values and social responsibilities in employees’ lives and how Islamic work ethics shape their behavior accordingly.

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Article
Publication date: 26 November 2024

Faiza Siddiqui, Naveed R. Khan and Akhtiar Ali

This study aims to examine protean career attitude (PCA) and proactive work-behavior (PWB) conceptually and empirically by assessing the mediating role of leader-member exchange…

64

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to examine protean career attitude (PCA) and proactive work-behavior (PWB) conceptually and empirically by assessing the mediating role of leader-member exchange (LMX) in the context of 21st-century organizational challenges and transitions. The interaction of three theories underpinned the research framework. The theoretical model is based on LMX theory, career motivation theory (CMT) and self- determination theory (SDT) to investigate the implications of the banking sector.

Design/methodology/approach

Research methodology is based on quantitative and deductive research approaches. The quantitative survey was conducted with a sample size of 325 banking sector employees. The SEM technique was used with SmartPLS software to test the direct and indirect effects of the proposed hypothesis.

Findings

The empirical analysis revealed that PCA fosters LMX. The results indicate an indirect effect between PCA and PWB. LMX completely mediates the relationship between PCA and PWB. Conceptually, it is proven that in the 21st century, the traditional career management approach is a big challenge for managers and organizations.

Practical implications

This study holds implications for HR managers, CEOs, institutional employers and HRD practitioners in the context of 21st-century organizational challenges and transitions to understand the phenomenon of PCA instead of a traditional career approach. This study will help managers link their retention strategy with consequence factors, i.e. LMX and PWB.

Originality/value

This study will help to bridge the gap between the literature on PCA, PWB and LMX. It provides managers with a conceptual understanding of the phenomenon of the LMX construct with empirical evidence. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this would be the first study conducted in the context of the banking industry in Pakistan and an empirical and theoretical attempt to correlate PCA and PWB with LMX to get a high banking employee retention rate. More interestingly, the study is theoretically underpinned by CMT, LMX theory and SDT.

Details

International Journal of Organizational Analysis, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1934-8835

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Article
Publication date: 26 July 2022

Xiyu Chen, Asadullah Khaskheli, Syed Ali Raza, Faiza Hakim and Komal Akram Khan

Combining an online and traditional mode of learning is a significant challenge for third world countries. To face this challenge, educational institutions around the world…

268

Abstract

Purpose

Combining an online and traditional mode of learning is a significant challenge for third world countries. To face this challenge, educational institutions around the world adopted the strategies of blended learning (BL). This research aims to determine the factors affecting readiness to diffuse BL in Pakistani higher education institutions.

Design/methodology/approach

“Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM)” was used based on a suitable sample of 228 participants in Karachi, Pakistan.

Findings

The results reveal that resource support, management strategies (MSs) and technology infrastructure (TI) are positively and significantly associated with readiness to diffuse BL. However, institutional structure (IS) and ethical consideration (EC) have a positive but insignificant link with readiness to diffuse BL.

Originality/value

The research is reasonably required as research in the Karachi Pakistani context is scarce. Additionally, this study analyses the possibility of modern skills and techniques to diffuse BL in higher education in Pakistan.

Details

International Journal of Educational Management, vol. 36 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0951-354X

Keywords

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Case study
Publication date: 28 January 2019

Irfan Saleem, Faiza Khalid and Muhammad Nadeem

This case study can help the reader to understand how to build an effective board for family business, and why evolving board structure can help family firm to sustain for a…

Abstract

Learning outcomes

This case study can help the reader to understand how to build an effective board for family business, and why evolving board structure can help family firm to sustain for a longer period in Market. Reader can also learn about role of independent director, CEO's Succession process and ways to deal with duality issue that family owned enterprise may face during a transition from generation X to Y.

Case overview/synopsis

This teaching case study describes various decision-making situations using example of a Pakistani family firm and entrepreneurs who started the business few decades back in France. This partially disguised case is based on actual events. The data are collected based on discussions with family business owners and minutes of meetings. The objective of study is to make sense of the family business theories e.g. socio emotional wealth stakeholder and agency. Case readers can also learn about the family’s business governance practices using diverse scenarios presented in this case.

Complexity academic level

This study is suitable for graduate and undergraduate studies.

Supplementary materials

Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code

CSS 7: Management science.

Details

Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies, vol. 9 no. 1
Type: Case Study
ISSN: 2045-0621

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Article
Publication date: 5 August 2022

Zeeshan Tariq, Fatima Izhar, Mumtaz Hasan Malik, Muhammad Oneeb, Faiza Anwar, Mudassar Abbas and Asfandyar Khan

The efforts of researchers in the 21st century have been devoted to developing novel approaches to leave planet earth green for future generations. This study aims to report the…

261

Abstract

Purpose

The efforts of researchers in the 21st century have been devoted to developing novel approaches to leave planet earth green for future generations. This study aims to report the synthesis of microcapsules from natural essential peppermint oil and their application to a bleached polyester and cotton (PC) blended fabric.

Design/methodology/approach

Microcapsules were prepared by a complex coacervation process and applied through the conventional pad-dry-cure method. The liquid suspension of the microcapsules was examined by optical microscopy to investigate the surface morphology of the microcapsules. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the surface morphology of the fabric after the application of the microcapsules. The finished fabric was checked for its mosquito repellent activity at the lab scale using a standard test protocol (cage test) by inserting a human arm and hand enfolded with microcapsules treated fabric.

Findings

PC fabric treated with 6% microencapsulated peppermint oil at zero wash showed 95.3% repellency against mosquitoes, and after 30 washes, the repellency was 85.8% which confirmed the durability of the developed finished fabric. The finished samples exhibited excellent air permeabilities and absorbencies.

Originality/value

This study successfully developed peppermint oil microencapsulated fabric with excellent efficacy against three mosquito species.

Details

Research Journal of Textile and Apparel, vol. 28 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1560-6074

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Article
Publication date: 17 December 2018

Faiza Tabassum, Syeda Hina Batool, Kanwal Ameen and Mehreen Hassan

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the status (information services, infrastructure, budget, collection and staffing) of public girls’ high school libraries of the Lahore…

589

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the status (information services, infrastructure, budget, collection and staffing) of public girls’ high school libraries of the Lahore city. Lahore is the second largest and hub of educational institutions in Pakistan. Resource-based learning is the basic right of all citizens. School libraries support teaching and learning with best available information resources. In Pakistan, fewer studies have reported the status of school libraries, and keeping in view the significance of early education, the present study highlights the situation through a qualitative lens.

Design/methodology/approach

For an in-depth analysis of the situation, qualitative research approach was used. The data were collected through interviews and observation technique. Additionally, focus groups were conducted with the students of grade IX and X to find their school libraries’ perceptions.

Findings

The findings revealed that the overall status of school libraries was unsatisfactory. Libraries were facing many problems such as lack of staff, budget, place and poor infrastructure issues. It was also found that economic geographical location of schools was not the factor affecting the status of libraries; rather, the schools’ head was mainly responsible for the better condition of the libraries.

Research limitations/implications

The study has implications for educationists, librarians, library schools and library professional organizations to make effective policies. However, the findings cannot be generalized and can be applicable in a similar context.

Originality/value

The study is based on MPhil thesis and is significant to be added in global school librarianship literature.

Details

Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication, vol. 68 no. 4/5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0024-2535

Keywords

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