Those of us who are advocates of change are now very much at the receiving end as far as the training scene is concerned. Against all the rules of good change management however…
Abstract
Those of us who are advocates of change are now very much at the receiving end as far as the training scene is concerned. Against all the rules of good change management however, there is a noticeable absence of direction and we are left in a period of uncertainty and confusion. Most of the ITBs are on their way out and the MSC is promoting a New Training Initiative which may well prove useful in providing certain key skills in the future but is unlikely to make a significant impact in tackling urgently the national disease of poor business productivity. As a result, the ball is now firmly back in the hands of management. For those who are brave enough to take up the cudgels, there is a golden opportunity to bring a new sense of purpose to training.
Stephan Körner and Frank Holzäpfel
Wake vortices that are generated by an aircraft as a consequence of lift constitute a potential danger to the following aircraft. To predict and avoid dangerous situations, wake…
Abstract
Purpose
Wake vortices that are generated by an aircraft as a consequence of lift constitute a potential danger to the following aircraft. To predict and avoid dangerous situations, wake vortex transport and decay models have been developed. Being based on different model physics, they can complement each other with their individual strengths. This paper investigates the skill of a Multi-Model Ensemble (MME) approach to improve prediction performance. Therefore, this paper aims to use wake vortex models developed by NASA (APA3.2, APA3.4, TDP2.1) and by DLR (P2P). Furthermore, this paper analyzes the possibility to use the ensemble spread to compute uncertainty envelopes.
Design/methodology/approach
An MME approach called Reliability Ensemble Averaging (REA) is adapted and used to the wake vortex predictions. To train the ensemble, a set of wake vortex measurements accomplished at the airports of Frankfurt (WakeFRA), Munich (WakeMUC) and at a special airport Oberpfaffenhofen was applied.
Findings
The REA approach can outperform the best member of the ensemble, on average, regarding the root-mean-square error. Moreover, the ensemble delivers reasonable uncertainty envelopes.
Practical implications
Reliable wake vortex predictions may be applicable for both tactical optimization of aircraft separation at airports and airborne wake vortex prediction and avoidance.
Originality/value
Ensemble approaches are widely used in weather forecasting, but they have never been applied to wake vortex predictions. Until today, the uncertainty envelopes for wake vortex forecasts have been computed among others from perturbed initial conditions or perturbed physics as well as from uncertainties from environmental conditions or from safety margins but not from the spread of structurally independent model forecasts.
Details
Keywords
We have observed in the reports of those engaged in the administration of the Acts several references to the practice of milking so that a portion of the milk is left in the udder…
Abstract
We have observed in the reports of those engaged in the administration of the Acts several references to the practice of milking so that a portion of the milk is left in the udder of the cow, this portion being removed subsequently and not included in the milk sent out to customers. The inspector for the southern division of the county of Northampton reports that on a sample of milk being found deficient in fat to the extent of 17 per cent., a further sample was taken at the time of milking when a milkman was found to be not properly “stripping” the cows. He was warned. The analyst for the county of Notts writes: “The first strippings obtained before the milk glands have been normally excited by the milking are very low in fat yet are “genuine” milk in the sense that nothing has been added to or taken from it. It is nonsense to talk of genuine milk in the sense that everything that comes from the udder of the cow is to be taken as genuine milk fit for sale.” In a case tried before the Recorder of Middlesbrough, one witness said that among some farmers it was a common practice not to “strip” cows until after the milk was sent away.
Christine Helliar, Theresa Dunne and Lance Moir
The past twenty years have seen a significant increase in the use of derivative financial instruments by companies throughout the world (Berkman and Bradbury 1996; Berkman…
Abstract
The past twenty years have seen a significant increase in the use of derivative financial instruments by companies throughout the world (Berkman and Bradbury 1996; Berkman, Bradbury and Magan, 1997a; Berkman, Bradbury, Hancock and Innes, 1997b; Bodnar, Hayt, Marston and Smithson, 1995; Bodnar, Hayt and Marston, 1996; 1998; Collier and Davis, 1985). This paper examines the impact of Financial Reporting Standard 13: Derivatives and Other Financial Instruments, Implementation and Disclosures, on treasury department activities. In particular, the researchers conducted interviews with UK treasury department staff to assess their general attitudes to, and the perceived impact of, FRS 13. In general, the treasurers responded favourably to the standard, and considered the narrative disclosures to be particularly useful. The numerical disclosures were considered to be very detailed and specialised; interviewees thought that users might have difficulty in understanding them. However, the implementation of IAS 39, that becomes mandatory for all EC countries from 2005, was causing treasurers far more concern.
Details
Keywords
The purpose of this paper is to explore Australian educators’ work with “other people’s children” (OPCs) (Delpit, 2006) from the informal education market of the 1840s to the mass…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore Australian educators’ work with “other people’s children” (OPCs) (Delpit, 2006) from the informal education market of the 1840s to the mass education market in contemporary times.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper is structured as a narrative about the expansion of the educational state and the concomitant development of technologies of inclusion and exclusion. Snapshots of various educators’ work with “OPCs” are woven into the narrative.
Findings
Notwithstanding contemporary efforts to “confront educational disadvantage” and an ever increasing array of technologies with which to differentiate students, OPCs remain on the margins of Australian education.
Originality/value
This paper is a unique look at Australian educators’ work with “OPCs” over the past 175 years.
Details
Keywords
Francis J. Yammarino and Fred Dansereau
“Multi-Level Issues in Organizations and Time” is Volume 6 of Research in Multi-Level Issues, an annual series that provides an outlet for the discussion of multi-level problems…
Abstract
“Multi-Level Issues in Organizations and Time” is Volume 6 of Research in Multi-Level Issues, an annual series that provides an outlet for the discussion of multi-level problems and solutions across a variety of fields of study. Using a scientific debate format of a key scholarly essay followed by two commentaries and a rebuttal, we present, in this series, theoretical work, significant empirical studies, methodological developments, analytical techniques, and philosophical treatments to advance the field of multi-level studies, regardless of disciplinary perspective.
Michael K. Muchiri, Ray W. Cooksey and Fred O. Walumbwa
The purpose of this paper is to examine the separate and combined effects of transformational leadership behaviour and social processes of leadership on key organisational…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the separate and combined effects of transformational leadership behaviour and social processes of leadership on key organisational outcomes within Australian local councils.
Design/methodology/approach
A survey research methodology was used to gather quantitative data from employees from nine local councils. Data were analysed using Item clustering analysis for scale construction. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was employed to test the proposed conceptual framework.
Findings
It was found that transformational leadership predicted performance outcomes, collective efficacy/outcomes expectancies and organisational commitment. Social processes of leadership predicted performance outcomes, collective efficacy/outcomes expectancies and organisational citizenship behaviours.
Practical implications
Results indicate that by practising aspects of transformational leadership such as articulating clear standards and expectations for performance and showing recognition to work unit members for specific task or goal achievements, work unit leaders may establish a foundation that later leads to higher performance outcomes. Furthermore, promoting aspects of social processes of leadership such as communication, enhancing adaptability and resolving uncertainties may lead to greater clarification and subsequent higher performance outcomes.
Originality/value
The paper is one of the first to examine the separate and combined effects of transformational leadership behaviour and social processes of leadership on key organisational outcomes in Australian local councils.
Details
Keywords
With reference to the report of the Annual General Meeting of the Pure Food and Health Society of Great Britain, which was published in the February issue of THE BRITISH FOOD…
Abstract
With reference to the report of the Annual General Meeting of the Pure Food and Health Society of Great Britain, which was published in the February issue of THE BRITISH FOOD JOURNAL, and to the speech delivered by MR. GOSLIN upon the proper handling and purveying of meat, an article which has subsequently appeared in The Standard is of considerable interest. It is pointed out that no one who gives the matter serious consideration can approve of the present methods. “Many years ago Oxford made its protest against carcasses or joints being exposed in open‐fronted shops. It is just possible that when the powers that were objected to and forbade this proceeding they thought more of the æsthetics than the science of it, but they most certainly did a good thing when they took flesh foods away from the contamination of street dust and the variations of temperature that are dependent on every gust of wind or every moment of sunlight or shadow.”
Denise Davis, Morgan Miller and Erica Karmes-Jesonis
Purpose – This chapter explains how the library profession is well-suited to developing and delivering library services that target the growing opportunity gap in the United…
Abstract
Purpose – This chapter explains how the library profession is well-suited to developing and delivering library services that target the growing opportunity gap in the United States and identifies barriers to advancing this professional objective more widely in public libraries. The chapter identifies leadership and organizational development, enhanced graduate training and continuing education, and the need to overcome excessive modesty and passivity as fundamental to advancing this role.
Approach – This chapter documents declining opportunity in the United States. It summarizes the history of librarians’ professional accomplishments and services, and recent public library projects that illustrate the aptitude, expertise, values, and culture necessary to address declining opportunity. Reviewing pertinent literature and the authors’ observations, this chapter identifies barriers librarians face in rising to this challenge and offers solutions.
Findings – Factors limiting public librarians’ ability to address declining opportunity include too few leaders with a vision for librarianship rising to pivotal challenges, such as declining opportunity, and the management skills or training necessary to develop librarians’ potential to target such objectives; professional modesty and passivity rooted in gender bias; absence of graduate training and continuing education in quantitative and qualitative analyses as applied to decision-making, basic evaluation, and advocacy; and inadequate understanding of research and its application to services that target declining opportunity.
Originality/Value – The chapter elucidates the underdeveloped capacity of professional librarians to apply their aptitude, expertise, and professional values to one of the greatest challenges of our era – the decline of opportunity in the United States – and outlines steps that will support that goal.
Details
Keywords
Philip J. Kitchen and Jagdish N. Sheth
The purpose of this paper is to consider the development and application of marketing theory and practice over time and its current status. The terms “brickbats” and “bouquets”…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to consider the development and application of marketing theory and practice over time and its current status. The terms “brickbats” and “bouquets” are used as metaphors to extend praise or criticism for marketing. In doing so, the authors draw upon the views of leading theorists over time and apply these in the current environmental context.
Design/methodology/approach
The approach adopted is discursive, critical and conceptual.
Findings
Following literature review, and drawing upon current examples, marketing as a discipline is subject to both kudos and criticisms. Nonetheless, it is concluded optimistically in that marketing can be an even greater source for societal good. That “goodness” is partly based upon the added impetus of social media adoption and use by consumers, the need for growth and accelerative innovation in the digital age coupled with the democratisation of consumption. Nonetheless, the authors offer the caveat that free competitive markets lead to market failures, and the need for market regulation by governments is becoming more evident.
Research limitations/implications
The implications of the paper are profound. Academics should be concerned in and involved with marketing theory. Questions need to be raised concerning non-robust definitions of marketing and its application. The authors wait for a consumer-led approach to marketing to add depth to the marketing theory.
Practical implications
Marketers need to be made more accountable for their actions. Consumers need to become part of the marketing process. Marketing claims need to be verified by delivered benefits. Companies need to take steps to ensure that the marketing process does not end at purchase. Satisfaction needs to be made manifest. Likewise, dissatisfactions need to be managed well as part of the marketing process.
Social implications
Too much marketing currently is relatively unregulated in the sense that there are so few opportunities to evade its myriad reach and – despite social media – little chance of changing marketing practice for the good of societies. Many criticisms of marketing practice are not being addressed in the literature.
Originality/value
Marketing is a vibrant force in all nations and markets. It is deeply rooted in business practice. It is contemporaneous and relevant. It is global and national. But, it is not entirely all good news. There are caveats and criticisms as well as kudos and praise. While both are addressed here, the topic needs to be considered for marketing and its accompanying theory and practice to change.