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Since the days of Lilienthal and the Wright Brothers, aircraft structural design and materials have changed dramatically. The early wire braced wooden frames have given way to stressed skin, all metal, glass and carbon fibre, and more recently composite structures. Each method of manufacture has its place either by replacing earlier techniques as newer technology has become available or being best suited for particular applications.

IN the Douglas Super DC‐3 twin‐engined commercial transport, now being demonstrated throughout North and South America, may be seen an instructive example of what has come to be known in the aircraft industry as ‘bread‐and‐butter engineering’—the extension of the normal life‐span of a well‐tried design by rebuilding to modern operational and airworthiness standards. The ubiquitous DC‐3, from which the ‘super’ version is derived, has itself long been the bread‐and‐butter work‐horse of the air transport world, but its days are numbered under promulgated I.C.A.O. regulations which become operative in 1953. By rebuilding and modernizing the DC‐3 to international civil airworthiness standards, Douglas are out to show operators that the Super DC‐3 is the logical post‐war replacement in the twin‐engined short‐haul category.

REPRESENTING America's latest bid for the twin‐engined medium range civil transport world market—hitherto largely monopolized by the ubiquitous Douglas DC‐3 —the Consolidated‐Vultee 300 m.p.h., 40‐passenger, pressurized ‘Convair‐Liner’ is now making its debut in regular airline service. Three basic airline types are now on the production lines, differing mainly in the location and type of passenger‐loading facility and baggage compartments: thus type (a) has an integral stairway, with the door located on the right side, ahead of the wing; type (b) an. integral stairway, with the door located in the after belly of the fuselage; and type (c) the more conventional door arrangement located on the left side, aft of the wing. Executive versions are also being produced to meet individual customer preferences.

Previous research has predominantly concentrated on examining risk spillovers through single-layer networks, neglecting the multi-related and multilayer network characteristics of the economic system. This study constructs multilayer connectedness networks, including return, volatility and extreme risk layers, to systematically analyze the risk spillovers across Chinese industries at the system and industry levels.

Previous studies have constructed multilayer networks using Diebold and Yilmaz’s (2012) approach or the time-varying parameter vector autoregressive (TVP-VAR) connectedness model. In this study, we employ the TVP-VAR-extended joint connectedness approach, which improves these methods and captures risk spillovers more accurately.

At the system level, the risk spillover across industries exhibits distinct network structures and dynamic evolution behaviors across different layers. During extreme events, the intensity, scope and speed of risk spillovers increase markedly across all layers, with volatility and extreme risk layers demonstrating greater sensitivity to crises. At the industry level, industrial and optional consumption typically serve as risk transmitters, while medicine and health, as well as financial real estate, tend to be risk receivers across three layers. Moreover, industrial, optional consumption and materials exhibit significant systemic importance.

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to apply multilayer networks with return, volatility and extreme risk layers to systematically examine risk spillovers between Chinese industries.

Damage functions constitute an essential part of the modelling of critical infrastructure (CI) performance under the influence of climate events. This paper aims to compile and discuss publications comprising damage functions for transport assets.

The research included the collection of contemplable literature and the subsequent screening for damage functions and information on them. In conclusion, the derived damage curves and formulae were transferred to a unified design.

Damage functions for the transport sector are scarce in the literature. Although specific damage functions for particular transport assets exist, they mainly consider infrastructure or transport in general. Occasionally, damage curves for the same asset in different publications vary. Major research gaps persist in wildfire damage estimation.

The study scope was restricted to the hazards of fluvial floods and wildfires. Despite all efforts, this study did not cover all existing literature on the topic.

This publication summarises the state of the art of research concerning transport asset damage functions, and hence contributes to the facilitation of prospective research on CI performance, resilience and vulnerability modelling.

Gives a bibliographical review of the finite element methods (FEMs) applied for the linear and nonlinear, static and dynamic analyses of basic structural elements from the theoretical as well as practical points of view. The range of applications of FEMs in this area is wide and cannot be presented in a single paper; therefore aims to give the reader an encyclopaedic view on the subject. The bibliography at the end of the paper contains 2,025 references to papers, conference proceedings and theses/dissertations dealing with the analysis of beams, columns, rods, bars, cables, discs, blades, shafts, membranes, plates and shells that were published in 1992‐1995.

People with intellectual disabilities are at a significantly higher risk than the general population for experiencing a wide range of adverse and potentially traumatic events. This paper aims to explore the incidence of experiences of lifetime trauma across this population in one Forensic Intellectual Disability Service. Risk management recommendations and psychological risk formulations were also examined for their consideration of traumatic experiences.

Risk assessment reports (n = 39) were reviewed for evidence of traumatic experiences and the consideration of trauma in patient risk formulations and risk management treatment recommendations.

Trauma was rated as present or partially present in 84.6% (n = 33) of risk assessment reports reviewed. None of the patients had received a post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis. Recommendations regarding trauma were identified in 39.4% (n = 13) of the risk assessment reports where trauma was rated either “present” or “partially present”.

Findings suggest a need for diagnostic tools to be used to measure trauma symptoms and potential cases of PTSD to best support needs of patients. Trauma-focused interventions should also be considered. Further investigation is needed to clarify the disparity between the consideration of trauma in formulations and treatment recommendations.

This study highlights the different traumatic experiences that forensic patients across three settings have been exposed to during their lifetimes.

THE article which we publish from the pen of Mr. L. Stanley Jast is the first of many which we hope will come from his pen, now that he has release from regular library duties. Anything that Mr. Jast has to say is said with originality even if the subject is not original; his quality has always been to give an independent and novel twist to almost everything he touches. We think our readers will find this to be so when he touches the important question of “The Library and Leisure.”

Aarhus Kommunes Biblioteker (Teknisk Bibliotek), Ingerslevs Plads 7, Aarhus, Denmark. Representative: V. NEDERGAARD PEDERSEN (Librarian).