The Minister of Technology, Mr. Anthony Wedgwood Benn, has appointed Dr. E. V. D. Glazier as Director of the Royal Radar Establishment, Malvern, with effect from 1st September…
Abstract
The Minister of Technology, Mr. Anthony Wedgwood Benn, has appointed Dr. E. V. D. Glazier as Director of the Royal Radar Establishment, Malvern, with effect from 1st September, 1967. Other appointments include Mr. F. H. Scrimshaw as Director‐General of Electronics Research and Development, Ministry of Technology, and Mr. John R. Mills as Director of the Signals Research and Development Establishment, Christchurch, in succession to Mr. Cedric J. Stephens. The latter appointment was effective on 25th September, and Mr. Stephens took up his appointment as Chief Scientific Adviser at the Home Office on the same day.
THE basic method of air navigation is deduced reckoning or simply dead reckoning. The method comprises the maintenance of an air pilot, which is made by calculating true airspeed…
Abstract
THE basic method of air navigation is deduced reckoning or simply dead reckoning. The method comprises the maintenance of an air pilot, which is made by calculating true airspeed and hence air distance run and then plotting this along the aircraft's heading from some initial ground fix. Subsequent ground positions may then be deduced by laying off the wind vector from the air position. As an example (Fig. 1) suppose an aircraft flics for one hour on a true heading of 060 deg. starting from an initial ground position A. If the true airspeed is 180 knots the air position will be at B, and if the mean wind over the flight is 45 knots from 340 deg. true then the ground position (by D.R.) corresponding to an air position at B would be at C. Now if the aircraft flics for the next hour on a true heading of 085 deg. and the mean wind over this hour is 30 knots from 310 deg. true, the air position with respect to A would be at D and the ground position at F. If a new air plot had been started at C then the air position, at the end of the second hour, would be at E and the ground position (by D.R.) again at F.
Kaylee J. Hackney and Pamela L. Perrewé
Research examining the experiences of women in the workplace has, to a large extent, neglected the unique stressors pregnant employees may experience. Stress during pregnancy has…
Abstract
Research examining the experiences of women in the workplace has, to a large extent, neglected the unique stressors pregnant employees may experience. Stress during pregnancy has been shown consistently to lead to detrimental consequences for the mother and her baby. Using job stress theories, we develop an expanded theoretical model of experienced stress during pregnancy and the potential detrimental health outcomes for the mother and her baby. Our theoretical model includes factors from multiple levels (i.e., individual, interpersonal, sociocultural, and community) and the role they play on the health and well-being of the pregnant employee and her baby. In order to gain a deeper understanding of job stress during pregnancy, we examine three pregnancy-specific organizational stressors (i.e., perceived pregnancy discrimination, pregnancy disclosure, and identity-role conflict) that are unique to pregnant employees. These stressors are argued to be over and above the normal job stressors experienced and they are proposed to result in elevated levels of experienced stress leading to detrimental health outcomes for the mother and baby. The role of resilience resources and learning in reducing some of the negative outcomes from job stressors is also explored.
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More than once the British Food Journal has had occasion to deplore the inclusion, in official reports to local authorities, of elaborate statistical tables giving the impression…
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More than once the British Food Journal has had occasion to deplore the inclusion, in official reports to local authorities, of elaborate statistical tables giving the impression that bare figures relating to the examination of samples of food and drugs are of more value than is in fact the case. “Figures by themselves,” said an experienced teacher of arithmetic, “have no meaning.” It is highly gratifying now to find that Mr. A. N. Leather, B.Sc., F.R.I.C., Public Analyst for the City of Manchester, has found time to discuss the problem of summarising laboratory results in such a manner as to convey a far more enlightening meaning than is to be derived from “bare” statistics. Space does not permit the inclusion of the whole of Mr. Leather's comments, but the gist of his argument—which we find most convincing—is here recorded.
Vincent Ferraro, Elizabeth Doherty and Barbara Cassani
It has been generally assumed that, although there may be material costs to the entire world which result from any attempt to eliminate global poverty through development, the…
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It has been generally assumed that, although there may be material costs to the entire world which result from any attempt to eliminate global poverty through development, the only costs associated with the continued existence of poverty are human ones, costs which are borne primarily by the poor themselves. This article is a review of the literature on development and resource use; its primary purpose is to investigate the extent to which analysts have tested this assumption—that is, the extent to which they have addressed the issue of the material costs engendered by the perpetuation of global poverty. Its conclusion is that no systematic analysis of this assumption has been conducted. However, there is a recognition of the resource costs of global poverty implicit in much of the literature on development and on resource use, and there is sufficient evidence to indicate that more detailed study of the relationship is warranted, since it is clear that the continued acceptance of global poverty entails significant costs for every member of the global community.
Emily Walton and Denise L. Anthony
Racial and ethnic minorities utilize less healthcare than their similarly situated white counterparts in the United States, resulting in speculation that these actions may stem in…
Abstract
Racial and ethnic minorities utilize less healthcare than their similarly situated white counterparts in the United States, resulting in speculation that these actions may stem in part from less desire for care. In order to adequately understand the role of care-seeking for racial and ethnic disparities in healthcare, we must fully and systematically consider the complex set of social factors that influence healthcare seeking and use.
Data for this study come from a 2005 national survey of community-dwelling Medicare beneficiaries (N = 2,138). We examine racial and ethnic variation in intentions to seek care, grounding our analyses in the behavioral model of healthcare utilization. Our analysis consists of a series of nested multivariate logistic regression models that follow the sequencing of the behavioral model while including additional social factors.
We find that Latino, Black, and Native American older adults express greater preferences for seeking healthcare compared to whites. Worrying about one’s health, having skepticism toward doctors in general, and living in a small city rather than a Metropolitan Area, but not health need, socioeconomic status, or healthcare system characteristics, explain some of the racial and ethnic variation in care-seeking preferences. Overall, we show that even after comprehensively accounting for factors known to influence disparities in utilization, elderly racial and ethnic minorities express greater desire to seek care than whites.
We suggest that future research examine social factors such as unmeasured wealth differences, cultural frameworks, and role identities in healthcare interactions in order to understand differences in care-seeking and, importantly, the relationship between care-seeking and disparities in utilization.
This study represents a systematic analysis of the ways individual, social, and structural context may account for racial and ethnic differences in seeking medical care. We build on healthcare seeking literature by including more comprehensive measures of social relationships, healthcare and system-level characteristics, and exploring a wide variety of health beliefs and expectations. Further, our study investigates care seeking among multiple understudied racial and ethnic groups. We find that racial and ethnic minorities are more likely to say they would seek healthcare than whites, suggesting that guidelines promoting the elicitation and understanding of patient preferences in the context of the clinical interaction is an important step toward reducing utilization disparities. These findings also underscore the notion that health policy should go further to address the broader social factors relating to care-seeking in the first place.
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Swati Dwivedi and Ashulekha Gupta
Purpose: Significant structural changes are currently occurring in the Indian labour sector. Artificial intelligence (AI) and other emerging technologies are redefining the…
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Purpose: Significant structural changes are currently occurring in the Indian labour sector. Artificial intelligence (AI) and other emerging technologies are redefining the activities and skill requirements for various jobs in the healthcare sector. These adjustments have been accelerated by the economic crisis brought on by COVID-19, along with other considerations.
Need for the Study: Skills shortages, job transitions, and the deployment of AI at the company level are the three main challenges confronting the Indian labour market. This chapter aims to discuss policy alternatives to address a rising need for health workers and provide an overview of changes to the healthcare sector’s labour market.
Methodology: A review of the available literature was conducted to determine the causes of the widening skill gap despite a vibrant and prodigious young population. The background of the sustainable labour market is examined in this chapter, with a focus on workforce migration and mobility.
Findings: This chapter gives a comparative review of recent policy papers and evidence, as well as estimates of the health workforce and present Indian datasets. Furthermore, it highlights how important it is for all people concerned to invest in today’s workforce to close the skill gap and create better future opportunities.
Practical Implications: This chapter’s findings imply a severe shortage of human intellectual capital in India and a need to bridge this gap in the Indian labour market.
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Charitable Choice Policy, the heart of President Bush’s Faith‐Based Initiative, is the direct government funding of religious organizations for the purpose of carrying out…
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Charitable Choice Policy, the heart of President Bush’s Faith‐Based Initiative, is the direct government funding of religious organizations for the purpose of carrying out government programs. The Bush presidential administration has called for the application of Charitable Choice Policy to all kinds of social services. Advocates for child‐abuse victims contend that the Bush Charitable Choice Policy would further dismantle essential social services provided to abused children. Others have argued Charitable Choice Policy is unconstitutional because it crosses the boundary separating church and state. Rather than drastically altering the US social‐policy landscape, this paper demonstrates that the Bush Charitable Choice Policy already is in place for childabuse services across many of the fifty states. One reason this phenomenon is ignored is due to the reliance on the public‐private dichotomy for studying social policies and services. This paper contends that relying on the public‐private dichotomy leads researchers to overlook important configurations of actors and institutions that provide services to abused children. It offers an alternate framework to the public‐private dichotomy useful for the analysis of social policy in general and, in particular, Charitable Choice Policy affecting services to abused children. Employing a new methodological approach, fuzzy‐sets analysis, demonstrates the degree to which social services for abused children match ideal types. It suggests relationships between religious organizations and governments are essential to the provision of services to abused children in the United States. Given the direction in which the Bush Charitable Choice Policy will push social‐policy programs, scholars should ask whether abused children will be placed in circumstances that other social groups will not and why.