MANY problems associated with aircraft investigations involve the accurate measurement of fluctuating fluid pressures. Various types of pickup exist from which choice may be made…
Abstract
MANY problems associated with aircraft investigations involve the accurate measurement of fluctuating fluid pressures. Various types of pickup exist from which choice may be made for this purpose. The suitability of a particular type for a specific application depends on the characteristics of the type and its associated electronic recorder. The fundamental requirements of fluctuating pressure pickups are discussed, and various types are described and typical examples of their application are given. Design data are derived based on experiments conducted on condenser type pickups, from which it is possible to design single diaphragm types for particular frequency and sensitivity requirements.
AS little information has been published, the subject of bombsights is shrouded in mystery, and hence from time to time it is natural that the daily press should make amazing…
Abstract
AS little information has been published, the subject of bombsights is shrouded in mystery, and hence from time to time it is natural that the daily press should make amazing disclosures concerning the alleged performances of new types of bombsights; including an American one capable of dropping bombs into a barrel from the sub‐stratosphere. Such statements can be viewed in their proper perspective if the functions of a bombsight are understood. The state of the enemy ground defences dictate the requirements of a bombsight, since if no opposition is met it is possible to drop delayed action bombs from a low altitude without using a bombsight. As ground defence improves, it is necessary to bomb from a greater height, and so the need for a bombsight increases. It is also necessary to bomb from a great height if armour‐piercing bombs are used, so that they can attain their terminal velocity. Unfortunately, or fortunately, depending on one's position at bomb release, accurate bomb aiming is a complicated matter, and errors increase with height. Thus, as high altitude bombing becomes necessary, so the bombsight becomes more complicated, and as ground defences become more accurate the operational difficulties of the aircraft increase and make still further demands on the bombsight. Thus, as the war proceeds a steady evolution can be observed in the types of bombsight used, as will be seen from those described in this article. Anti‐aircraft gunsights have progressed from simple open ones to those incorporated in the predictor system, and in a like manner bombsights have made similar progress. As each sight has had a bearing on the design of the other, it is interesting to compare the requirements and operation of a bombsight with those required for an anti‐aircraft gunsight.
METHODS in general use for assessing detonation in the cylinders of internal combustion engines depend upon training the ear of the engine operator. For single‐cylinder…
Abstract
METHODS in general use for assessing detonation in the cylinders of internal combustion engines depend upon training the ear of the engine operator. For single‐cylinder aero‐engine test units it is possible to detect detonation by listening to the various noises produced by the engine. The constant association of the noises produced by detonation and the effects of detonation on the engine parts enables the operator to correlate these two factors. After a training on a particular engine it is possible for him to estimate the destructive quality of different degrees of detonation by listening to the engine noises resulting from detonation. It is, however, very difficult to assess the degree of detonation by such methods, which depend on aural estimation alone.
DISTANT READING COMPASSES ONE of the most interesting German aircraft installations is centred around the distant reading compass.
TESTS on modern aircraft have shown that a small advantage is to be gained by the use of pendulum stabilization over the spirit level, but it is hardly considered sufficient to…
Abstract
TESTS on modern aircraft have shown that a small advantage is to be gained by the use of pendulum stabilization over the spirit level, but it is hardly considered sufficient to warrant the additional complexity of mechanism involved, particularly when it is effected in the clumsy manner of this design. The pendulum and sighting assemblies weighs 20 lb., and the base and supporting arm 14 lb. in all a total of 34 lb.
AT this stage of the war it is most unusual for any considerable novelty to be discovered in the design of aircraft instruments. In particular this applies to the Artificial…
Abstract
AT this stage of the war it is most unusual for any considerable novelty to be discovered in the design of aircraft instruments. In particular this applies to the Artificial Horizon, whose use is almost universal, and all instruments of this type are usually a close copy of the standard Spcrry instrument. The Italian Artificial Horizon described in this article does, however, incorporate a number of new and novel features; for example, the indicating mechanism has complete freedom in both pitch and roll instead of the customary limited range of movement. Some general details are:
Mioko Saito and Frank van Cappelle
The main aim of this chapter is to argue that a sound conceptualization and methodology for measuring the quality of education is a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for…
Abstract
The main aim of this chapter is to argue that a sound conceptualization and methodology for measuring the quality of education is a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for establishing a link between research and policy to improve the quality of education. The following elements have been provided to support this argument: (1) a literature review of the different concepts and methods of measuring the quality of education that are in place internationally, as well as their importance; (2) a UNESCO desk review of 35 developing countries to compare the way educational quality is featured and monitored in National Education Sector Plans (NESPs); and (3) case studies of two developing countries focusing on the implementation of research to measure the quality of education, its impact, and the link between research and policy. It was found that the quality of education is recognized as an important factor in most NESPs, but it has not been defined, measured, or interpreted in a consistent way. Furthermore, while sophisticated and innovative methodologies have already been developed to measure the quality of education, the processes of linking research results with policy still seem to be at a developmental stage. This is a challenge not only for researchers and policy makers, but also for development partners to ensure that (i) policy and planning become more firmly grounded in objectively verifiable scientific evidence and (ii) through its impact on policy and planning, research leads to improvements in the quality of education.
Dawn Edge, Amy Degnan and Sonya Rafiq
Several decades of mental health research in the UK repeatedly report that people of African-Caribbean origin are more likely than other ethnic minorities, including the White…
Abstract
Several decades of mental health research in the UK repeatedly report that people of African-Caribbean origin are more likely than other ethnic minorities, including the White majority, to be diagnosed with schizophrenia and related psychoses. Race-based inequalities in mental healthcare persist despite numerous initiatives such as the UK’s ‘Delivering Race Equality’ policy, which sought to reduce the fear of mainstream services and promote more timely access to care. Community-level engagement with members of African-Caribbean communities highlighted the need to develop culturally relevant psychosocial treatments. Family Intervention (FI) is a ‘talking treatment’ with a strong evidence-base for clinical-effectiveness in the management of psychoses. Benefits of FI include improved self-care, problem-solving and coping for both service users and carers, reducing the risk of relapse and re-hospitalisation. Working collaboratively with African-Caribbeans as ‘experts-by-experience’ enabled co-production, implementation and evaluation of Culturally adapted Family Intervention (CaFI). Our findings suggests that a community frequently labelled ‘hard-to-reach’ can be highly motivated to engage in solutions-focussed research to improve engagement, experiences and outcomes in mental health. This underscores the UK’s Mental Health Task Force’s message that ‘new ways of working’ are required to reduce the inequalities faced by African-Caribbeans and other marginalised groups in accessing mental healthcare. Although conducted in the UK (a high-income multi-cultural country), co-production of more culturally appropriate psychosocial interventions may have wider implications in the global health context. Interventions like CaFI could, for example, contribute to reducing the 75% ‘mental health gap’ between High and Low-and-Middle-Income counties reported by the World Health Organization.
THE following is a report on radio equipment, type FuG 7, found in a Messerschmitt Mc 109.