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Energy affects all areas of daily life. Especially with the industrial revolution, the fact that manufacturing has become the engine of economic growth has led to a rise in energy consumption. In this process, the countries of the world have increased their economic growth with traditional energy consumption, and this has increased carbon emissions. However, to fulfill the sustainable development goals, both the continuation of economic growth and the reduction of carbon emissions are required. In this context, the substitution of renewable energy consumption in place of traditional energy sources has started to be discussed. The aim of this study is to research the relationships among CO₂ emissions, manufacturing growth, and renewable energy consumption. For this aim, the relationship among carbon emissions, manufacturing growth, and renewable energy consumption is analyzed for the period 1997–2019 in 38 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. With respect to the findings of autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) test results, manufacturing growth enhances CO₂ emissions both in the short and long terms. As the proportion of renewable energy consumption in total energy consumption rises, CO₂ emissions decrease both in the short and long terms. On the other hand, according to the Dumitrescu–Hurlin causality test results, there is a one-way causality relationship from carbon emissions to manufacturing growth and from renewable energy consumption to carbon emissions. When the findings are evaluated together, it is understood that renewable energy consumption is a substantial factor in tackling the deadlock of lessening the carbon emissions without adversely impacting manufacturing growth. Therefore, policymakers need to encourage renewable energy consumption.

The search for more effective policies, choice of optimal implementation strategies for achieving defined policy targets (e.g., cost-containment, improved access, and quality healthcare outcomes), and selection among the metrics relevant for assessing health system policy change performance simultaneously pose continuing healthcare sector challenges for many countries of the world. Meanwhile, research on the core drivers of healthcare costs across the health systems of the many countries continues to gain increased momentum as these countries learn among themselves. Consequently, cross-country comparison studies largely focus their interests on the relationship among health expenditures (HCE), GDP, aging demographics, and technology. Using more recent 1980–2014 annual data panel on 34 OECD countries and the panel ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag) framework, this study investigates the long- and short-run relationships among aggregate healthcare expenditure, income (GDP per capita or per capita GDP^_HCE), age dependency ratio, and “international co-operation patents” (for capturing the technology effects). Results from the panel ARDL approach and Granger causality tests suggest a long-run relationship among healthcare expenditure and the three major determinants. Findings from the Westerlund test with bootstrapping further corroborate the existence of a long-run relationship among healthcare expenditure and the three core determinants. Interestingly, GDP less health expenditure (GDP^_HCE) is the only short-run driver of HCE. The income elasticity estimates, falling in the 1.16–1.46 range, suggest that the behavior of aggregate healthcare in the 34 OECD countries tends toward those for luxury goods. Finally, through cross-country technology spillover effects, these OECD countries benefit significantly from international investments through technology cooperations resulting in jointly owned patents.

Using the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis as a theoretical framework and applying Estimated Generalised Least Square (EGLS) approach, this chapter examines the impact of energy consumption, economic growth, industrialisation and corruption on carbon dioxide emissions as well as finds out the causal relationship among them using panel data of 10 Asian economies over the period 1980–2019. Our empirical findings from EGLS model suggest that there exists an ongoing rising relationship between CO₂ emissions and economic growth both in the short-run and long-run which is opposing to what is claimed by the EKC hypothesis. Moreover, per capita CO₂ emissions rise positively with respect to increase in energy consumption, urbanisation, gradual industrialisation and growth in urban population in the long-run. Moreover, countries with adoption of more corruptive practices are found to have causing more environmental degradation through excessive emission of carbon dioxide in the long-run. The study also indicates the existence of unidirectional causalities running from carbon dioxide emission to energy consumption, from industrialisation and urban population growth to per capita CO₂ emissions, from industrialisation to GDP growth per capita and bidirectional causality between financial development and economic growth via GDP growth per capita. Therefore, these unidirectional causalities entail that CO₂ emission reduction or abatement measures can be applied without having any unpleasant effect on the real industrialisation, energy consumption and urbanisation in selected Asian countries.

The results obtained from previous studies are not found to be sufficient for hydrostatic bearing design optimisation since thermodynamic effects are not considered. Therefore, this research is presented with considering parameter variations based on thermodynamic effects for more efficient optimisation of bearing parameters.

Single and multi‐criteria approaches were carried out to determine the hydrostatic journal bearing design parameters so that the total performance of the system is optimal.

It is seen that firstly, the results of single criteria approaches for minimum power, bearing coefficient and minimum temperature rise in circular hydrostatic axial journal bearings are not sufficient, secondly, there is a crucial need to consider multiple criteria optimisation cases and thirdly, thermodynamic effects must be taken into account for more efficient approach to compute the optimum values of bearing design parameters.

Further research is required to develop a genetic algorithm‐based optimisation for bearing design problems considering thermodynamic effects and multiple criteria approaches to compare the results of present study.

Comparison of optimisation results of single and multi‐criteria approaches are given to show temperature variation effects on bearing performance.

Although, there are some works related to design and optimisation of hydrostatic bearings, most of them consider the single criteria optimisation and thermodynamic effects are not usually taken into account. Therefore, this research is different than others since the present approach is implemented with thermodynamic effects and also not limited to single criteria approach.

This study aims to scrutinise the impact of fibre length and its composition on the tribological attributes of oil palm fibre (OPF) polymeric composite as an alternative brake friction material.

Fabrication of the sample was conducted by using a hot-compression method. The tribological test was carried out by deploying a ball-on-disk tribometer. Analysis of the data was then done by using the Taguchi approach as well as analysis of variance.

The results indicated that all design variables (fibre composition, length and treatment) are not statistically significant, as all p-values are greater than 0.05. Remarkably, irrespective of the fibre treatment, the wear rate and coefficient of friction (COF) distribution suggested that a smaller fibre length with a high fibre composition might enhance the composite’s tribological performance with COF of 0.4 and wear rate below than 1 × 10^–9 mm³/Nm. The predominant wear mechanisms were identified as micro-cracks, fine grooves and fibre debonding.

In this study, all-inclusive scrutiny needs to be carried out for further exploration.

The main contribution and novelty of this study are opening a new perspective on the formulation of new substances from bio-based material (i.e. OPF) that possess superior tribological characteristics for friction-based applications.

This study examines the impact of various macroeconomic, financial and institutional factors, including foreign direct investment (FDI), financial development (FD), freedom dimensions and institutional sub-systems on CO2 emissions across 30 countries over 23 years (2002–2023). The research aims to uncover both the short-term and long-term effects of these variables on environmental sustainability.

A Pooled Mean Group – Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PMG-ARDL) model is employed to analyze panel data from 30 countries over the period 2002–2023. The model was selected using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) to account for both long-term and short-term dynamics in the relationship between the studied variables and CO2 emissions.

The results reveal that in the long term, most variables, including FDI, financial development and economic freedom, have significant impacts on CO2 emissions, with varying directions. In contrast, short-term effects are largely insignificant, indicating that the environmental impacts of economic and institutional factors are more pronounced over extended periods.

The findings suggest that policymakers need to consider the long-term environmental consequences of economic and financial policies. For instance, while financial development and economic freedom may drive growth, they also contribute to higher CO2 emissions, necessitating a comprehensive and inclusive approach to sustainable development.

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the interplay between financial, institutional and freedom dynamics and their impact on CO2 emissions, offering valuable insights for policymakers focused on achieving sustainable economic development. Using the PMG-ARDL model adds robustness to the findings by capturing both short-term and long-term effects.

Recognizing economic literacy as a vital form of intellectual capital provides essential tools to mitigate the adverse impact of risk factors on business organizations' performance. This recognition serves as a strong rationale for prioritizing economic literacy as a strategic asset in navigating the complexities of risk factors for sustained organizational performance. To bridge this gap, this study examines the role of risk factors in the economic literacy of an organization and how they affect organizational performance.

This exploratory study employed a qualitative research method, utilizing a systematic review with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach to identify gaps. A comprehensive search across databases was conducted using keywords related to risks, economic literacy and organizational performance. In total, 32 articles were meticulously analyzed, focusing on methodology, results and discussion sections to address research questions.

This study highlights the impact of risk factors on economic literacy and organizational performance, focusing on risk-taking, attitude, enterprise risk management (ERM), financial literacy and organizational performance. It reveals that possessing economic literacy can mitigate financial risks in corporations by helping entrepreneurs identify business opportunities and pitfalls, enabling informed and prudent financial decision-making. Conflicting findings challenge existing knowledge on the link between risk factors and financial literacy, particularly in new product development decisions, highlighting the need for further investigation into environmental factors shaping this connection.

The study developed a conceptual model that explains the interaction among economic literacy, risk factor and organization performance, which has implications for the development of the required intellectual capital to mitigate the impact of risk factors. Also, the study identified diverse conceptual, methodological and geographical gaps that will provide direction for future studies. Future research could delve into firm-level or cross-country data via surveys, interviews or focus groups, enriching the research's robustness and depth for nuanced insights into the investigated relationships.

The purpose of this work is to investigate the effect of oxide-coated steel in comparison with mild steel fibers on the tribological and corrosion performances of friction composites.

In this study, the friction composites were developed in the form of standard brake pads by using oxide-coated steel and compared with mild steel fibers-based one without varying the other ingredients. The brake pads were developed as per the industrial procedure. The physical, mechanical, thermal properties of the developed brake pads were analyzed as per the industrial standards. The tribological properties were analyzed using the Chase test. The worn surface analysis was done using scanning electron microscope. Corrosion behavior was also analyzed in both salt and normal water conditions.

The experimental results indicate that the oxide-coated steel-based friction composites brake pads possess good physical, chemical, thermal, corrosion resistance and mechanical properties with stable fade and recovery characteristics because of its oxide coating and flake morphology.

This paper explains the influence of oxide-coated steel in friction composites for enhancing the tribological performance and corrosion resistance by its oxide coating and flake morphology which could potentially replace mild steel fibers-based problems in friction composites.

Asia is the largest and most densely inhabited region in the world. Despite exhibiting an extremely expeditious economic growth, the majority of the world population categorized as poor resides in Asia, with more than a billion people financially excluded. This study aims to assess how social sustainability (SS) may increase financial inclusion (FI) and maintain financial stability (FS) in Asia.

Established on the stakeholder theory, the study analyzed the association among SS, FI and FS in Asia, employing a generalized method of moment’s estimation. The mediation of FI was also investigated in the relationship between SS and FS. Moreover, this study has analyzed the alternative proxies for the variables of interest to ensure dynamic results.

The findings point toward a positive association among SS, FI and FS. Furthermore, FI is observed to be undertaking a partial mediating role between SS and FS.

This study emphasizes that both SS and FI have individual parts in the amelioration of FS in Asia, whereas previous studies implied that FI is a mere tool for stimulating SS. Hence, Asian policymakers must keep these outcomes in mind due to their simultaneous contribution to FS.

The relationship between SS, FI and FS has received little attention in the literature. No previous study has deduced that increasing SS may instigate an increase in FI and FS. Additionally, quite contrary to previous studies that relied on narrow indicators, this study develops a broad measurement of SS by considering a wide range of crucial indicators for a sustainable society.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of mullite on the mechanical properties and friction of carbon fiber (CF)-reinforced friction material.

CF-reinforced friction materials with varying content of mullite were fabricated by hot press molding, and then the tribological properties were tested on the MRH-3-type tribometer under ambient conditions with the ring-on-block configuration.

The experimental results indicated that the addition of mullite increased the density and compressive strength of friction material. However, the flexural strength of friction material decreased by 16% with the addition of 15 Wt.% mullite. The friction coefficient was proportional to the mullite content. Friction material with 12.5 Wt.% mullite showed the highest friction stability under different loads, whereas friction material with 10 Wt.% mullite exhibited the highest friction stability under different sliding speeds.

By boosting the resistance to deformation under load and increasing the specific heat capacity, mullite contributed significantly to the friction stability of the friction material.