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This paper aims to present findings from a preliminary study aimed at investigating sustainability practices and managerial perceptions within European luxury tourism companies. The study addressed two key research questions: What is the present state of sustainability practices in the luxury tourism sector? What are the managers' perspectives and the prevailing trends in the adoption of sustainable approaches?

The study used a mixed methods approach to gather data from a diverse range of European luxury tourism companies. The survey and the interview of companies’ representatives encompassed various organisational types engaged in different tourism activities, allowing for a comprehensive exploration of sustainability practices within the sector. Organisational characteristics, such as size, turnover and location, were considered to ensure a representative sample.

The findings of the study reveal a robust commitment to environmental, social and economic sustainability across the luxury tourism industry. Despite variations in organisational characteristics, including size, turnover and location, the study identified a lack of significant differences in sustainability practices, indicating a noteworthy homogeneity within the sector. The findings also show that a high percentage of companies hold sustainability certifications and share an emphasis on authenticity, local engagement and economic profitability.

The study's sample size may limit the generalisability of the findings. A larger sample size would enhance the study's robustness and allow for more comprehensive insights into sustainability practices within the luxury tourism sector. The study's focus on European luxury tourism companies may limit its applicability to other regions or contexts.

This study contributes to the existing literature by providing insights into sustainability practices and managerial perspectives within the European luxury tourism sector. The study offers original insights into the current state of sustainability in luxury tourism and highlights opportunities for further research and refinement of sustainability initiatives within the sector.

本文介绍了一项初步研究的结果, 该研究旨在调查欧洲豪华旅游公司的可持续发展实践和管理观念。该研究解决了两个关键的研究问题：豪华旅游业可持续发展实践的现状如何？在采用可持续方法方面, 管理者的观点和当前趋势是什么？

该研究采用混合方法从各种欧洲豪华旅游公司收集数据。调查和对公司代表的采访涵盖了从事不同旅游活动的各种组织类型, 从而可以全面探索该行业的可持续发展实践。考虑了组织特征, 如规模、营业额和地点, 以确保样本具有代表性。

该研究的结果表明, 整个豪华旅游业对环境、社会和经济可持续性做出了坚定的承诺。尽管组织特征（包括规模、营业额和地点）存在差异, 但该研究发现可持续发展实践缺乏显著差异, 表明该行业内部存在值得注意的同质性。调查结果还显示, 很高比例的公司持有可持续发展认证, 并强调真实性、当地参与度和经济盈利能力。

这项研究的样本量可能会限制研究结果的普适性。更大的样本量将增强研究的稳健性, 并使我们能够更全面地了解豪华旅游行业的可持续发展实践。该研究对欧洲豪华旅游公司的关注可能会限制其对其他地区或环境的适用性。

本研究通过提供对欧洲豪华旅游业可持续发展实践和管理视角的见解, 为现有文献做出了贡献。该研究为豪华旅游的可持续发展现状提供了原创见解, 并强调了进一步研究和完善该行业可持续发展举措的机会。

Este artículo presenta las conclusiones de un estudio preliminar destinado a investigar las prácticas de sostenibilidad y las percepciones de los directivos en las empresas europeas de turismo de lujo. El estudio abordó dos preguntas clave de investigación: ¿Cuál es el estado actual de las prácticas de sostenibilidad en el sector del turismo de lujo? ¿Cuáles son las perspectivas de los directivos y las tendencias predominantes en la adopción de enfoques sostenibles?

El estudio utilizó un enfoque de métodos mixtos para recopilar datos de una amplia gama de empresas europeas de turismo de lujo. La encuesta y la entrevista a los representantes de las empresas abarcaron varios tipos organizativos dedicados a diferentes actividades turísticas, lo que permitió una exploración exhaustiva de las prácticas de sostenibilidad dentro del sector. Se tuvieron en cuenta las características organizativas, como el tamaño, el volumen de negocio y la ubicación, para garantizar una muestra representativa.

Los hallazgos del estudio revelan un sólido compromiso con la sostenibilidad medioambiental, social y económica en todo el sector del turismo de lujo. A pesar de las variaciones en las características organizativas, incluidos el tamaño, la facturación y la ubicación, el estudio identificó una falta de diferencias significativas en las prácticas de sostenibilidad, lo que indica una notable homogeneidad dentro del sector. Las conclusiones también muestran que un alto porcentaje de empresas poseen certificaciones de sostenibilidad y comparten el énfasis en la autenticidad, el compromiso local y la rentabilidad económica.

El tamaño de la muestra del estudio puede limitar la generalización de las conclusiones. Una muestra de mayor tamaño mejoraría la solidez del estudio y permitiría obtener una visión más completa de las prácticas de sostenibilidad dentro del sector del turismo de lujo. El hecho de que el estudio se centre en empresas europeas de turismo de lujo puede limitar su aplicabilidad a otras regiones o contextos.

Este estudio contribuye a la bibliografía existente al ofrecer una visión de las prácticas de sostenibilidad y las perspectivas de gestión dentro del sector europeo del turismo de lujo. El estudio ofrece una visión original del estado actual de la sostenibilidad en el turismo de lujo y destaca las oportunidades para seguir investigando y perfeccionando las iniciativas de sostenibilidad dentro del sector.

In this paper we propose to study the differences among family and non-family-firms in relation to its financial strength, and therefore its potential position to resist in front of financial crisis and receive financial support or conditions by public or private institutions.

We used multiple hierarchical regressions on a sample of 137 Spanish medium-sized firms (SMEs).

We observe that the perspectives and idiosyncratic characteristics of family-firms (strongly influenced by their socioemotional wealth) will affect the way these companies invest and operate in the market, which would be more related to efficiency because of their higher willingness to continue the legacy of the business and their weak risk-bearing attributes.

Our study adopts a measure of familiness with a dummy variable, and not as a continuous variable as proposed by recent research. Therefore, our results although relevant and significant for the family firm literature, must be viewed carefully. Additional research could also retest some prior studies to depict differences caused by “real” family firm involvement.

Under a non-munificent environment, the financial strength maintained by firms will be highly relevant since this context could likely stress and influence their immediate future and viability, overcoming and blurring any other characteristic present in the firm or its managers.

This paper contributes to the family firm literature by offering insights into the nuanced dynamics between family and non-family firms during economic downturns, specifically examining their financial strength when different strategic options are pursued and when firms are managed by different type of managers.

Possible asymmetric treatment among family members has long been neglected in the field of family firm research. To fill this gap, the purpose of this study is to shed light on the heterogeneity of treatment of family members in family firms by proposing factors that influence the likelihood of bifurcation bias among “family” members.

Drawing upon social identity theory and the concept of bifurcation bias, the authors theorize that family members working in family firms are not a homogenous entity, but rather a heterogeneous entity contingent on their status and/or position in the family. To provide a comprehensive understanding of heterogeneous treatment among family members, both individual factors and societal factors should be considered.

Blood relatedness of family members is suggested as an important determinant of the likelihood of bifurcation bias among family members. It is also proposed that the impact of blood relatedness is likely influenced by both individual factors (familial proximity and familial tenure) and a societal factor (collectivism).

Theorizing takes a step forward to advance the understanding of interpersonal dynamics in family firms. In particular, this article expands the research boundaries of family business research by taking into account that not all “family” members are treated preferentially. Moreover, this article deepens our understanding of the nature and status of non-blood related family members by unveiling the influence of both individual and societal factors. This article also provides a theoretical foundation for human resource management (HRM) research in family businesses by addressing bifurcation bias among family members.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how to improve the effectiveness of public participation in public infrastructure megaprojects (PIMs). Conflicts among stakeholders and uncertainty disrupt the success of PIMs when public participation is ineffective.

Secondhand data are collected to study the effectiveness of public participation in the Beijing–Shenyang High-Speed Rail (China) and the California High-Speed Rail (USA). The employed research method is an inductive case study.

Ineffective public participation can cause schedule and cost overruns and increase uncertainty in PIMs. The ambiguity of meaningful public participation, ineffective participatory approaches and overburden of public participation in environmental impact assessment are the causes of ineffective public participation in PIMs.

Public participation has become an essential part in PIMs management. This study looks at the understanding of the relationship between public participation and the success of PIMs.

Legislative bodies should perfect the laws to guarantee meaningful public participation. Lead agencies should adopt additional effective participatory approaches to solicit public comments and identify critical voices. A dispute solution mechanism is necessary to solve public participation disputes in PIMs in practice.

Stakeholder and uncertainty management are important to the success of PIMs. This study reveals methods to improve the effectiveness of public participation to alleviate the conflicts among stakeholders and reduce uncertainty in PIMs.

The research aims to understand how smart speakers are perceived by their actual and potential users, their attitude towards smart speakers and consequently their intention to use them.

The authors apply a structural equation modelling (SEM) approach to test the research hypotheses through data coming from a structured questionnaire.

The results show that the higher the importance attributed to usefulness and ease of use, the higher the positive attitude that in turn positively affects the intention to use smart speakers. A significant relationship also emerged between task technology fit and attitude towards smart speakers, as well as between perceived enjoyment and attitude towards smart speakers. Perceived privacy risk, innovativeness and social attraction have been found to not significantly impact attitudes towards smart speakers.

Although several academic studies have focused on various aspects of smart technologies, only a few studies discuss the factors that push consumers to use smart speakers for activities related to commercial transactions. Therefore, looking at the rapid rise of smart speakers for daily tasks and the gradual acceptance of voice interaction with digital tools, the authors proposed a study about Italian users' intention to use smart speakers. Specifically, to fill the gap in the existing literature, the authors applied a SEM approach to identify utilitarian and hedonic benefits that motivate the use of these devices.

This paper aims to examine the impact of innovation effort on exports of resource constrained emerging market firms (EMFs) and boundary conditions imposed by complementary tangible and intangible resources on this relationship, using the lens of the knowledge-based view (KBV).

Analysis is based on annualized data from 19,057 Indian firms over the period of 2009–2017, controlling for endogeneity and selection bias (using Heckman correction), firm-level controls, year and sectoral fixed effects, within robust Tobit and ordinary least squares regressions. Export intensity and R&D intensity are the key dependent and independent variables, respectively.

The baseline impact of innovation effort on exports is found to be a concave inverted U-shape, exhibiting decreasing returns. Availability of complementary resources significantly impacts the nature of this relationship by weakening it for more resource-constrained firms. Faced with relatively greater scale-related constraints, the impact of innovation effort on exports disappears. Greater process-related constraints weaken the relationship as well.

Theoretically, these findings shed light on a nuanced relationship between a firm’s search for knowledge assets and access to foreign markets within resource constrained emerging market contexts. The limitations in the use and applicability of the KBV for EMFs’ internationalization success are highlighted, with suggested directions of future research.

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of laser treatment on disperse dye-uptake and fastness values of polyester fabrics. Furthermore, it was aimed to evaluate colors directly over the photos of fabric samples instead of color measuring with spectrophotometer which is thought to be useful in terms of online digital color assessment.

In this study, 100% polyester (150 denier) single jersey knitted fabrics (weight: 145 g/m2, course density: 15 loops/cm, wale density: 24 loops/cm) were used in the trials. The effect of laser treatments before and after dyeing on color was investigated. Laser treatments were applied to fabrics at different resolutions (20, 25 and 30 dpi) and pixel times (60, 80 and 100 µs) before dyeing. The power of the laser beam was 210 W and the wavelength was 10.6 µm. In order to determine the effect of laser treatment on polyester; FTIR analysis, SEM-EDX analysis and bursting strength tests were applied to untreated and treated fabric samples.

It was found that treatments with laser have a significant effect on disperse dye-uptake of polyester fibers, and for this reason laser-treated fabrics were dyed in darker shade. Furthermore, it was determined that the samples treated at 30 dpi started to melt and the fabric was damaged considerably, but the fabrics treated at 20 and 25 dpi were not affected at all. Another result obtained regarding the use of laser technology in polyester fabrics is that if some areas of fabrics are not treated with laser and some other areas are treated with laser at 20 dpi 60 µs and 25 dpi 60 µs, it will be possible to obtain patterns containing three different shades of the same color on the fabric.

When the literature is examined, it is seen that there are various studies on the dyeability and patterning of polyester fabrics with disperse dyes by laser technology. As it is known, today color measurement is done digitally using a spectrophotometer. However, when we look at a photograph on computer screens, the colors we see are defined by RGB (red-green-blue) values, while in the spectrophotometer they are defined by L*a*b* (L*: lightness-darkness, a*: redness-greenness, b*: yellowness-blueness) values. Especially when it is desired to produce various design products by creating patterns with laser technology, it would be more useful to show the color directly to the customer on the computer screen and to be able to speak over the same values on the color. For this reason, in this study, the color measurement of the fabric samples was not made with a spectrophotometer, instead, the RGB values obtained from the photographs of the samples were converted into L*a*b* values with MATLAB and interpreted, that is, a digital color evaluation was made on the photographs. Therefore, it is believed that this study will contribute to the literature.

The simulated scenarios can be used to compute risk premiums per risk class in the portfolio. These can then be used to adjust the policy premiums by accounting for storm risk.

A complete model to analyse and characterise future losses of the property portfolio of an insurance company due to hurricanes is proposed. The model is calibrated by using the loss data of the Fidelidade insurance company property portfolio resulting from Hurricane Leslie, which hit the centre of continental Portugal in October, 2018.

Several scenarios are simulated and risk maps are constructed. The risk map of the company depends on its portfolio, especially its exposure, and provides a Hurricane risk management tool for the insurance company.

A statistical model is considered, in which weather data is not required. The authors reconstruct the behaviour of storms through the registered claims and respective losses.

Purpose: This chapter investigates the current skill gap in small-scale industries, the need for skill development and digital training in micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSME), and reviews policies for skill development and solutions.

Need for the Study: While the legislature and organisations have initiated various considerations for the successful implementation of the Skill Development System in the country’s MSMEs, there are significant challenges that must be addressed quickly to fill the skill gap in workers in this digital era.

Research Methodology: Secondary data has been used for the chapter review. Analysis has been done based on review data from women handloom and handicraft workers in the micro or craft industry who received a Star rating from the National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) partners in Lucknow. For data collection, a questionnaire based on random sampling was used. The data were analysed using a rudimentary weighted average and a percentage technique.

Findings: The studies provide answers to some fundamental problems: are small industry employees indeed mobilised to be skilled outside the official schooling system? Is the training delivery mechanism adequate to prepare pupils for employment? Would industries be willing to reduce minimum qualification criteria to foster skill development?

Practical Implication: Non-technical aptitudes digital and soft skills for workers in this sector should be emphasised in MSMEs, and significant reforms in MSME sectors and capacity-building education and training programmes should be implemented in the Indian industry to generate small and medium enterprises production and employment.