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The concept of business process (BP) as a service is a new solution in enterprises for the purpose of using specific BPs. BPs represent combinations of software services that must be properly executed by the resources provided by a company’s information technology infrastructure. As the policy requirements are different in each enterprise, processes are constantly evolving and demanding new resources in terms of computation and storage. To support more agility and flexibility, it is common today for enterprises to outsource their processes to clouds and, more recently, to cloud federation environment. Ensuring the optimal allocation of cloud resources to process service during the execution of workflows in accordance with user policy requirements is a major concern. Given the diversity of resources available in a cloud federation environment and the ongoing process changes required based on policies, reallocating cloud resources for service processing may lead to high computational costs and increased overheads in communication costs.

This paper presents a new adaptive resource allocation approach that uses a novel algorithm extending the natural-based intelligent water drops (IWD) algorithm that optimizes the resource allocation of workflows on the cloud federation which can estimate and optimize final deployment costs. The proposed algorithm is implemented and embedded within the WokflowSim simulation toolkit and tested in different simulated cloud environments with different workflow models.

The algorithm showed noticeable enhancements over the classical workflow deployment algorithms taking into account the challenges of data transfer. This paper made a comparison between the proposed IWD-based workflow deployment (IWFD) algorithm with other proposed algorithms. IWFD presented considerable improvements in the makespan, cost and data transfer in most situations in the cloud federation environment.

An extension for WorkflowSim to support the implementation of BPs in a federation cloud space regarding BP policy. Optimize workflow execution performance in Federated clouds by means of IWFD algorithm.

This paper aims at studying the success and failure of BPR projects executed throughout Iran. For this purpose, effective indices and also factors of success and failure are to be investigated.

Based on statistical analysis of efficiency indexes mean value and project effectiveness, as well as the test outputs for the projects' total success, it was proved that except for the two organizations, the rest lack necessary efficiency and except for two organizations, the others lack necessary effectiveness.

The total success test outputs has verified the results of the two above‐mentioned tests, so by 95 percent of assurance, it has to be commented that BPR projects executed in Iran have failed to reach predefined acceptable success.

The lack of data from organizations is a big problem in BPR projects in Iran.

The article recommends that every BPR project before execution needs deployment of success factors such as: preparation for change, planning, recognition and design, evaluation, culture and change, information technology, and outcome in governmental organizations.