Although in the late 1960s Chile had already solved traditionalproblems such as basic literacy, and access to primary education andtraining of highly qualified university…
Abstract
Although in the late 1960s Chile had already solved traditional problems such as basic literacy, and access to primary education and training of highly qualified university professionals, little advance was made by the military government in the 1970s. Thus in the early 1980s the military government introduced economic competition in the education system, hoping to increase the quality of education in spite of projected further cuts in public resources for education. The swift implementation of the market model in education was soon affected by unforeseen constraints and effects, and later on the economic crisis forced changes in initial regulations several times during the next decade. Economic competition eventually generated a substantial increment of private education; decentralised decisions increased cost recovery; but it also increased inequity in education outcomes; reduced the ability of the system to attract good candidates to an academic career; and reduced the share of education in the GNP.
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Ernesto Schiefelbein and Paulina Schiefelbein
In the past two decades, Chile has implemented three reform strategies that shaped its educational decentralization process, each motivated by different goals. In the 1980s…
Abstract
In the past two decades, Chile has implemented three reform strategies that shaped its educational decentralization process, each motivated by different goals. In the 1980s, during the military regime, an economic model structured a voucher system that created incentives for parents to choose schools for their children. In theory, bad schools would improve in quality or go out of business. The second reform began in 1990 and was embedded in the transition from autocratic to democratic government. Sociologists were the intellectual authors of this initiative which focused on improving the working conditions of teachers. In 1994, the third strategy began with educational researchers focusing attention on the classroom effectiveness and the need for better instructional materials and improvements in the teaching/learning process. The continued study of educational decentralization in Chile is important because it represents the only nation in the world with a nation‐wide voucher system.
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From December, 1969 to March, 1970 a sample survey was conducted throughout Chile to determine individual utilization and expenditures on health services. As a by‐product of this…
Abstract
From December, 1969 to March, 1970 a sample survey was conducted throughout Chile to determine individual utilization and expenditures on health services. As a by‐product of this survey, information was obtained on individual schooling and income by age, occupation, and region of residence. This paper analyzes the latter information. The sample consists of 3,839 Chilean males who were heads of households and who were employed during 1969.