T. Bettina Cornwell, Ravi Pappu and Eric Setten
The purpose of this paper is to better understand how consumers perceive and process danger in American football and why they continue to enjoy watching the sport given society’s…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to better understand how consumers perceive and process danger in American football and why they continue to enjoy watching the sport given society’s increased understanding of the danger to the athletes.
Design/methodology/approach
Two studies, one lab study with eye-tracking (N = 152) and one survey study (N = 444), were conducted. Study 1 examines how the perception of danger associated with football mediates the relationship between exposure to violent or nonviolent video clips and enjoyment of watching video clips. Study 2 examines how device type and screen resolution influence perceptions of danger associated with football.
Findings
Findings support the role that perceived danger plays in sport viewing enjoyment. The results are in keeping with reversal theory where individuals have a protective frame that allows them to experience negative emotions (e.g. anxiety) as positive (e.g. excitement). The research also shows that for larger devices, the perception of danger associated with football is significantly influenced by high resolution.
Social implications
The work, through considering the way consumers experience sport, questions societal tolerance for entertainment that is dangerous to sport participants.
Originality/value
The findings of this work corroborate past research that has found that consumers of sport do enjoy danger for athletes in their viewing experience. Reversal theory is utilized to explain how negative emotions are experienced as positive. The work extends past findings by showing that the characteristics of the device used (large size and high resolution) during sport viewing influence perceptions of danger.
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Esther Meng‐Yoke Tan, Schubert Foo, Dion Hoe‐Lian Goh and Yin‐Leng Theng
The design of context‐aware mobile applications can be improved through a clear and in‐depth understanding of context and how it can be used to meet users' requirements. Using…
Abstract
Purpose
The design of context‐aware mobile applications can be improved through a clear and in‐depth understanding of context and how it can be used to meet users' requirements. Using tourism as a case application, this paper aims to address the lack of understanding of context and tourists' goals.
Design/methodology/approach
This is achieved through a literature review of existing research and focus groups to gather information needs for tasks commonly executed by tourists.
Findings
This paper proposes the TILES (temporal, identity, location, environmental and social) model to define and classify five main contextual types, and properties associated with each type for tourism‐related applications. The TILES model (with 32 factors) derived from the analysis of the literature review is refined through inputs from two focus groups to incorporate an additional ten factors.
Research implications/limitations
The TILES model can be generalised to support domains other than tourism, such as medical and edutainment.
Originality/value of paper
The model will help to achieve a better understanding of context, users' information needs and their goals. In addition, this work extends findings in the field of context‐aware computing and information retrieval on mobile devices. Solution providers will also be able to adopt TILES as a framework for guiding the design of their context‐aware mobile applications.
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Na Jiang, Xiaohui Liu, Hefu Liu, Eric Tze Kuan Lim, Chee-Wee Tan and Jibao Gu
Artificial intelligence (AI) has gained significant momentum in recent years. Among AI-infused systems, one prominent application is context-aware systems. Although the fusion of…
Abstract
Purpose
Artificial intelligence (AI) has gained significant momentum in recent years. Among AI-infused systems, one prominent application is context-aware systems. Although the fusion of AI and context awareness has given birth to personalized and timely AI-powered context-aware systems, several challenges still remain. Given the “black box” nature of AI, the authors propose that human–AI collaboration is essential for AI-powered context-aware services to eliminate uncertainty and evolve. To this end, this study aims to advance a research agenda for facilitators and outcomes of human–AI collaboration in AI-powered context-aware services.
Design/methodology/approach
Synthesizing the extant literature on AI and context awareness, the authors advance a theoretical framework that not only differentiates among the three phases of AI-powered context-aware services (i.e. context acquisition, context interpretation and context application) but also outlines plausible research directions for each stage.
Findings
The authors delve into the role of human–AI collaboration and derive future research questions from two directions, namely, the effects of AI-powered context-aware services design on human–AI collaboration and the impact of human–AI collaboration.
Originality/value
This study contributes to the extant literature by identifying knowledge gaps in human–AI collaboration for AI-powered context-aware services and putting forth research directions accordingly. In turn, their proposed framework yields actionable guidance for AI-powered context-aware service designers and practitioners.
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Leyla Hamis Liana, Salehe I. Mrutu and Leonard Mselle
Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) has been used to combat reading challenges, namely reading accuracy and rate for learners with intellectual, developmental and learning…
Abstract
Purpose
Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) has been used to combat reading challenges, namely reading accuracy and rate for learners with intellectual, developmental and learning disabilities (IDLD). Whilst most reading CAI effectiveness has been studied in English, other transparent languages have less evidence. This study provides a systematic review and meta-analysis of CAI effectiveness for transparent language reading for K-3 learners with IDLD.
Design/methodology/approach
This study systematically reviews academic peer-reviewed studies from 2010 to 2023 with either randomised controlled treatment (RCT) or single-case treatments. Articles were searched from the ACM Digital Library, Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore, ERIC, PsychINFO and Science Direct databases, references and systematic review articles. Reading component skills effect sizes were computed using the random effect sizes model.
Findings
11 RCT studies of reading CAI for transparent languages with 510 learners with IDLD were found. A random effect sizes (Cohen’s d) of CAI on individual reading component skills were d = 0.24, p-value = 0.063 and confidence interval (CI) 95% (−0.068–0.551) for phonics and phonemic awareness d = 0.41, p-value = 0.000 and CI 95% (0.175–0.644). Given an average intervention dosage of 1.8 h weekly for a maximum of 16 weeks, CAI had better retention with d = 1.13, p-value = 0.066 and CI 95%(−0.339–2.588). However, these results must be interpreted with a concern of only using published studies.
Originality/value
The study contributes to quantitative CAI effectiveness for transparent language reading components for learners with IDLD.
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Andréa Cacho, Luiz Mendes-Filho, Daniela Estaregue, Brunna Moura, Nélio Cacho, Frederico Lopes and Cristiano Alves
– The purpose of this paper is to describe a smart city initiative presenting a mobile tourist guide developed for Natal, Brazil.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe a smart city initiative presenting a mobile tourist guide developed for Natal, Brazil.
Design/methodology/approach
This study has employed an exploratory case study approach to gain more knowledge about a smart city initiative and a mobile tourist guide in Brazil. The city of Natal was selected for this case study since it was one of the host cities during the FIFA World Cup 2014. The collected data for this research came from government (e.g. Natal Smart City plan), academic sources (e.g. Metropole Digital Institute (IMD)), and tourists’ information from the mobile tourist guide application.
Findings
The smart city initiative of Natal, and the mobile tourist guide (named Find Natal) responsible for collecting, processing, sharing, storing and analysing the tourist behaviour were detailed in the paper. The Smart City Consortium in Natal is developing an interoperable and distributed infrastructure that is advancing the state-of-the-art in information and communication technologies (ICT) for planning and managing smart cities. The IMD implemented an application, which aims to enhance the traveller’s experience through software programs designed to leverage the infrastructure mechanisms behind the city. The data gathered by the application was analysed to show how it was used during the 2014 FIFA World Cup.
Originality/value
The results show a developed ICT initiative in a Latin American country. This study offers a starting point for destinations willing to implement and deploy a smart city initiative.