John R. Williams, Eric Perkins and Ben Cook
A new spatial reasoning algorithm that can be used in multi‐body contact detection is presented. The algorithm achieves the partitioning of N bodies of arbitrary shape and size…
Abstract
A new spatial reasoning algorithm that can be used in multi‐body contact detection is presented. The algorithm achieves the partitioning of N bodies of arbitrary shape and size into N lists in order O(N) operations, where each list consists of bodies spatially near to the target object. The algorithm has been tested for objects of arbitrary shape and size, in two and three dimensions. However, we believe that it can be extended to dimensions of four and higher. The algorithm (CGRID) is a binning algorithm that extends traditional binning algorithms so that the arbitrary sizes and shapes can be handled efficiently. The algorithm has applications in discrete element, finite element, molecular dynamics, meshless methods, and lattice‐Boltzmann codes and also in domains such as path planning, target acquisition and general clustering problems.
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Eric Perkins and John R. Williams
Presents a new contact detection algorithm based on double‐ended spatial sorting (DESS) that is insensitive to variations in object size. It was developed to address the problems…
Abstract
Presents a new contact detection algorithm based on double‐ended spatial sorting (DESS) that is insensitive to variations in object size. It was developed to address the problems that arise when objects with non‐spherical geometry and non‐uniform sizes are simulated using discrete element techniques. The algorithm is applicable to general spatial reasoning problems. While techniques based on spatial hashing (sometimes called bining methods) perform well for objects of similar size, they degrade significantly when the objects vary in size. The DESS algorithm overcomes this problem by using a spatial sorting technique applied to both ends of the object’s projection along each orthogonal axis. Discrete element test simulations comparing DESS and spatial hashing (NBS) are detailed. The results demonstrate that when object sizes vary significantly (size ratios greater than 8:1), DESS outperforms NBS up to around 100,000 objects. It is noted, however, that the superior scaling properties of NBS will always outperform DESS for some large numbers of objects.
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Leslie Hazle Bussey and Jennie Welch
A vast array of leadership dispositions associated with school and student success is well-documented in extant leadership development literature. However, persistent challenges…
Abstract
A vast array of leadership dispositions associated with school and student success is well-documented in extant leadership development literature. However, persistent challenges face practitioners as they attempt to measure leader dispositions and apply what is known about dispositions to hiring, selection, development, and retention of school leaders. We begin this chapter with an exploration of the essential leader dispositions which surfaced through an exhaustive cross-disciplinary review of literature, in concert with a review of disposition tools and frameworks in use in a variety of practical settings. Next, we illuminate significant challenges associated with reliably measuring school leader dispositions and explore promising emergent innovative strategies for assessing disposition development. Though difficult to measure, we argue that dispositions are too important to ignore and conclude with practical recommendations for using research on leader dispositions to cultivate outstanding school leaders.
Despite it being a central focus of government policy, there is a lack of research into the experience of employment for people with mental health problems, especially with regard…
Abstract
Despite it being a central focus of government policy, there is a lack of research into the experience of employment for people with mental health problems, especially with regard to the social outcomes. David Buckle uses evidence from research and the findings of his own qualitative study to explore the relationship between supported employment and social inclusion and argues that the social and psychological needs of people with mental ill health can potentially be met by putting employment at the heart of mental health services.
The innovation process is not homogeneous, but highly variable according to industrial sector and the level of abstraction of the innovation itself. This level of abstraction from…
Abstract
The innovation process is not homogeneous, but highly variable according to industrial sector and the level of abstraction of the innovation itself. This level of abstraction from existing products while not precisely measurable, can be graded, thus giving some guidance as to the probability of success according to the size of investment and the risk involved. The complexity of the new product and its technological level (the monograph confines the argument to product innovation) will also determine how the innovating organisation handles the innovation. Much research has now been done into the innovation process, and some of the leading projects and their findings are analysed. Supporting the basic argument there are two case histories, one of a successful scientific instrument, together with reference to an unsuccessful attempt to launch it, and one of a failure with a new material, in spite of highly successful technology.
In my less charitable moments I think of the establishment of the new universities as a mere throwback in the development of British education. Sometimes it seems that they were…
Abstract
In my less charitable moments I think of the establishment of the new universities as a mere throwback in the development of British education. Sometimes it seems that they were created in desperation by people fanatically determined to recover a century of failure to recreate Oxbridge in Manchester, Cardiff and London.
Sandra Turner, Ming-Ka Chan, Judy McKimm, Graham Dickson and Timothy Shaw
Doctors play a central role in leading improvements to healthcare systems. Leadership knowledge and skills are not inherent, however, and need to be learned. General frameworks…
Abstract
Purpose
Doctors play a central role in leading improvements to healthcare systems. Leadership knowledge and skills are not inherent, however, and need to be learned. General frameworks for medical leadership guide curriculum development in this area. Explicit discipline-linked competency sets and programmes provide context for learning and likely enhance specialty trainees’ capability for leadership at all levels. The aim of this review was to summarise the scholarly literature available around medical specialty-specific competency-based curricula for leadership in the post-graduate training space.
Design/methodology/approach
A systematic literature search method was applied using the Medline, EMBASE and ERIC (education) online databases. Documents were reviewed for a complete match to the research question. Partial matches to the study topic were noted for comparison.
Findings
In this study, 39 articles were retrieved in full text for detailed examination, of which 32 did not comply with the full inclusion criteria. Seven articles defining discipline-linked competencies/curricula specific to medical leadership training were identified. These related to the areas of emergency medicine, general practice, maternal and child health, obstetrics and gynaecology, pathology, radiology and radiation oncology. Leadership interventions were critiqued in relation to key features of their design, development and content, with reference to modern leadership concepts.
Practical implications
There is limited discipline-specific guidance for the learning and teaching of leadership within medical specialty training programmes. The competency sets identified through this review may aid the development of learning interventions and tools for other medical disciplines.
Originality/value
The findings of this study provide a baseline for the further development, implementation and evaluation work required to embed leadership learning across all medical specialty training programmes.
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Carl J. Dunst and Deborah W. Hamby
The effectiveness of different types of adult learning practices for promoting practitioner and parent use of different kinds of assistive technology and adaptations with young…
Abstract
The effectiveness of different types of adult learning practices for promoting practitioner and parent use of different kinds of assistive technology and adaptations with young children of 18–105 months of age was the focus of a research synthesis described in this chapter. Six operationally defined adult learning methods and between two and five practices for each method were used to code and analyze the results for both adult (practitioner and parent) and child outcomes. The assistive technology and adaptations that were the focus of training included speech generative devices (e.g., CheapTalk), computers (e.g., adapted keyboards), and switch-activated devices and toys. Results showed that a combination of five or six of the most effective adult learning method practices were associated with the largest differences in both adult and child outcomes, but that few studies included the most effective practices. The relationship between the number of practices and the study outcomes was moderated by the type of training (individual vs. group) and whether the training included in vivo use of the devices with children with disabilities. The results point to at least several factors that explain non-use of assistive technology with young children with disabilities and highlight the need for better designed and implemented training.