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The purpose of this research is to investigate general patterns of tag usage and determines the usefulness of the tags used within university image groups to the wider Flickr community. There has been a significant rise in the use of Web 2.0 social network web sites and online applications in recent years. One of the most popular is Flickr, an online image management application.

This study uses a webometric data collection, classification and informetric analysis.

The results show that members of university image groups tend to tag in a manner that is of use to users of the system as a whole rather than merely for the tag creator.

This paper gives a valuable insight into the tagging practices of image groups in Flickr.

More than 600 brand names across three different categories of online information services were analysed. The analysis took the form of both an objective individual analysis and a questionnaire analysis of brand names. For the individual analysis, a list of 100‐300 brand names for each of the three categories of information services was obtained. Names were picked at random from standard reference sources and brand names were then analysed in terms of their linguistic characteristics. To test whether or not the most frequently occurring characteristics employed by the list of brand names were indeed the ones which would allow users to distinguish, with a minimum of effort, the information services which would be of most value to them, three questionnaires were designed. These were distributed to 530 staff and students at the University of Loughborough. Results suggest that the most frequently occurring brand name characteristics of online information services are not necessarily the most effective in allowing users to distinguish the services that would be of most value to them. Three frameworks are suggested for the future branding of online information services.

Business relationships are considered long-term and stable. Furthermore, over time, business relationships are expected to become and remain “institutionalized”. The undertone is that this process is deterministic and inevitable. While the authors do not question the long-term nature of business relationships, they argue that the process of “institutionalization” requires more construct clarity. Consequently, they ask the following: What is the source of resilience in business relationships, and how are these relationships maintained over time?

To unravel these questions, the authors conducted an historical case study of a business relationship between a government buyer and a software seller extending over two decades.

The authors found that while the network around the business relationship is crumbling and all odds are in favor of relationship dissolution, the active maintenance work of key individuals in the relationship prevented detrimental effects and resulted in not only its continuation but also an increased degree of institutionalization.

The authors contribute to the Industrial Network approach (INA) by providing a non-deterministic approach to the typically taken-for-granted end phase of business relationships.

The findings illustrate that the process of institutionalization is manageable but requires hard work, highlighting managers as the principle vehicle of relationship maintenance.

The authors provide construct clarity around the process of “institutionalization”. In fact, they regard the process as reverse compared to the early interpretation in the INA literature in which a business relationship is assumed to start as a “clean slate” and then begins to represent the industry codes of practice over time. They found that “institutionalization” implies that a business relationship is no longer compared with nor is comparable to the institutional prescriptions; in contrast, the relationship has established its own rules and norms, which have been taken for granted by the buyer and seller organization.

The chapter aims to highlight developments in photography over the last two centuries, with an emphasis on the switch from analog to digital, and the emergence of Web 2.0 technologies, online photo management sites, and camera phones.

The chapter is a culmination of some of the key literature and research papers on photography, Web 2.0, Flickr, camera phones, and tagging, and is based on the author’s opinion and interpretation.

The chapter reports on how the switch from analog to digital has changed the methods for capturing, organizing, and sharing photographs. In addition, the emergence of Web 2.0 technologies and camera phones have begun to fundamentally change the way that people think about images and the kinds of things that people take photographs of.

The originality of the chapter lies in its predictions about the future direction of photography. The chapter will be of value to those interested in photography, and also to those responsible for the future development of photographic technology.