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Publication date: 1 April 1990

Emiel W. Owens

Poverty numbers have decreased in the United States over the pastfew decades but these statistics tend to mask trends for differentdemographic groups. Aged women living alone make…

179

Abstract

Poverty numbers have decreased in the United States over the past few decades but these statistics tend to mask trends for different demographic groups. Aged women living alone make up 95 per cent of non‐family households, and 47 per cent of these women had annual incomes of less than $10,000 and most were living at the poverty threshold in 1989. Concern about poverty among the aged is addressed from two perspectives. First, changes in the magnitude, characteristics and incidence of poverty among the aged population are reviewed. Secondly, analytical models of the severity of poverty are presented and these models are used to describe techniques that may be employed in attempting to alleviate poverty in one category of the aged poor where it seems most acute and most intractable, i.e. aged women living alone. Three poverty models are presented: (1) concentrating economic aid to those just below the poverty threshold and reducing numbers; (2) concentrating aid to those in deepest need; and (3) a sliding scale. The modified welfare ratio model showed that concentrating economic aid to the aged poor in deepest need (furthest from the poverty threshold) yields greater social and economic benefits.

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International Journal of Social Economics, vol. 17 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0306-8293

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Article
Publication date: 1 January 1986

Emiel W. Owens

Proliferating pest problems, sharply rising pest control costs, increasing environmental pollution, rising rates of injury and death due to pesticide poisoning, and burgeoning…

133

Abstract

Proliferating pest problems, sharply rising pest control costs, increasing environmental pollution, rising rates of injury and death due to pesticide poisoning, and burgeoning pesticide‐related legal entanglements leave little doubt in the minds of most citizens that a crisis in chemical pest control exists. The underlying cause of today's pesticide dilemma lies in the lack of ecological consideration given the synthesis, experimental development, registration and utilisation of newly developed synthetic pesticides. The production of synthetic organic pesticides increased from an estimated 464,000 pounds in 1951 to approximately 1.4 billion pounds in 1980. Increases in production were followed by the recognition that such increased use of synthetic chemicals would be accompanied by extensive human and environmental impact. With the rapid increase in the use of pesticides, there has been a corresponding increase in public attention and public concern about this impact on human health.

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International Journal of Social Economics, vol. 13 no. 1/2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0306-8293

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Article
Publication date: 1 December 1989

Emiel W. Owens

An adequate variety of food necessary to provide a propernutritional balance has always been a topic of prime concern for socialeconomists. Moral and political concern caused the…

101

Abstract

An adequate variety of food necessary to provide a proper nutritional balance has always been a topic of prime concern for social economists. Moral and political concern caused the initiation of a series of studies focusing on the magnitude and causes of undernutrition. This article addresses concerns about some economic and health consequences of undernutrition and discusses some adverse health effects that may be associated with improper food balances. Findings suggest that a high percentage of undernutrition in the USA is concentrated in areas where social and economic deprivation is most prevalent, and shows that a complex of factors in the culture of poverty appear to be linked to undernutrition and non‐organic retardation. Two farm work crews were tested over a year with the objective of gaining more information about their dietary habit and nutritional status. Dietary deficiencies expressed as Bitot Spots (27.7 per cent) Visible Caries or ulceration (21.6 per cent) were found consistently among workers in the study sample population. Using F statistics and controlling for sex, male workers were found to be more adversely affected by dietary deficiencies than female workers.

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International Journal of Social Economics, vol. 16 no. 12
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0306-8293

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