Debalina Sengupta, Yinlun Huang, Cliff I. Davidson, Thomas F. Edgar, Mario R. Eden and Mahmoud M. El-Halwagi
Sustainable manufacturing may be defined as the creation of manufactured products that use processes that are non-polluting, conserve energy and natural resources, and are…
Abstract
Purpose
Sustainable manufacturing may be defined as the creation of manufactured products that use processes that are non-polluting, conserve energy and natural resources, and are economically sound and safe for employees, communities and consumers. Recently, there have been several industrial and governmental endeavors to launch sustainable manufacturing initiatives. To support such initiatives and to prepare the next generation of scientists and engineers, academic institutions have a responsibility to introduce educational programs and tools in the area of sustainable manufacturing. The purpose of this paper is to report on the approach, progress and contributions of a US National Science Foundation-sponsored project titled: “The Sustainable Manufacturing Advances in Research and Technology Coordination Network (SMART CN)”.
Design/methodology/approach
The project aims to bridge the gap between the academic knowledge discovery and industrial technology innovation for sustainable manufacturing. Toward this goal, various research and educational activities have been undertaken to introduce Sustainable Manufacturing Case Studies for use by academic instructors to a diverse group of undergraduate, graduate and industry professionals.
Findings
In this paper, the need for education on sustainable manufacturing has been focused upon, followed by approaches toward addressing these needs, concluding with examples of case studies developed through the SMART-CN project framework.
Originality/value
This work provides the engineering community with structured modules for introducing the topic of sustainable manufacturing in the curriculum.
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S. Ghalab, W. M. Raslan, E.M. El-Khatib and A.A. El-Halwagy
Plasma surface treatment of silk has been carried out in atmospheric air under experimental conditions at different discharge powers and plasma exposure times. The treated fabric…
Abstract
Plasma surface treatment of silk has been carried out in atmospheric air under experimental conditions at different discharge powers and plasma exposure times. The treated fabric samples are printed with reactive dye using a conventional silk screen printing technique. After drying, the samples are steam fixed at 102°C for 15 min, washed and air dried. Before and after printing, both treated and untreated samples are subjected to different investigations. The wetting time is found to depend upon the treatment time and discharge power. The colour strength of the treated samples printed with reactive dye is improved to a large extent compared with the untreated samples. An improvement in the fastness properties of the printed samples to washing, rubbing and perspiration is also noticed.
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Abd-El Thalouth, J.I., Rekaby M. and El-Halwagy A.A.
An approach for discharge printing of cationised linen fabric has been examined. Accordingly, cationic sites are first added to the fibers via a pretreatment with different…
Abstract
An approach for discharge printing of cationised linen fabric has been examined. Accordingly, cationic sites are first added to the fibers via a pretreatment with different aliphatic quaternary ammonium salts. Then, the cationised linen fabric samples are printed by using two different styles. First, a direct dyeing process is represented in dry transfer printing by using disperse dyes. Then, the fabric is subjected to either white or colour discharge printing by using reactive dyes. Excellent white index and colour strength values are obtained for the discharge printed cationised linen fabric.
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E. M. El-Khatib, W. M. Raslan, A.A. El-Halwagy and S. Galab
Low temperature plasma (LTP) treatment of textiles has emerged as one of the environmentally friendly surface modification methods. In this work, the effect of LTP treatment…
Abstract
Low temperature plasma (LTP) treatment of textiles has emerged as one of the environmentally friendly surface modification methods. In this work, the effect of LTP treatment generated by a dielectric barrier discharge technique (DBD) under atmospheric pressure by using three different gases; oxygen, nitrogen and air, on the properties of wool/polyester blend, is studied. The induced changes in wool/polyester blend properties, such as whiteness index, wettability, surface roughness, tensile strength, elongation %, surface morphology, dyeability and fastness properties are investigated. These changes are found to be dependent on the plasma treatment conditions, such as the gas that is used, discharge power and exposure time. The LTP treatments enhance the dyeing ability of the fibres with acid, basic and disperse dyestuffs as well as the fastness properties, and represent an approach to dyeing the blend in one bath.
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Asmaa.A. Salem, Mai.F. Shahin, Hanan.S.El Sayad and Azza.A.El Halwagy
This study attempts to highlight the possibility of using natural dyes in transfer printing of polyester fabrics. The used dyes were Turmeric, Alkanet, and Rhubarb. To obtain…
Abstract
This study attempts to highlight the possibility of using natural dyes in transfer printing of polyester fabrics. The used dyes were Turmeric, Alkanet, and Rhubarb. To obtain optimum conditions for transfer printed polyester fabris, different factors were investigated such as concentration of dyes, the pH of printing paste and both the transfer time and temperature of printing. The types of thickening agents were also studied. Both natural and synthetic thickeners (sodium alginate and Dicothick) were used, and thier mixtures with different ratios were examined. Colour strength, percentage of dye penetration and fastness properties were also assessed.
The investigation indicates that varying transfer printing conditions, temperature and time has a marked impact on the colour strength of polyester prints and hence optimum conditions for transfer printing can be established .Results of the studies conducted for different types of thickeners show that Dicothick gave the highest colour strength values while sodium alginate prints had the lowest values, and thier mixture lied in between, fastness properties values varied from very good to excellent for three natural dyes.
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Yufei Xiu, Qiankun Shen, Fei Fan and Chaoxia Wang
A disperse fluorescent yellow paste was mixed with a dispersant naphthalene sulfonic derivative via wet grinding process to prepare thermal transfer ink with good fluorescence…
Abstract
Purpose
A disperse fluorescent yellow paste was mixed with a dispersant naphthalene sulfonic derivative via wet grinding process to prepare thermal transfer ink with good fluorescence. The paper aims to discuss these issues.
Design/methodology/approach
The surface tension, viscosity, pH value, zeta potential, stability and the morphology of ink samples were tested after the storing process.
Findings
The morphology of paste was homogeneous nearly spherical nanoparticles and the particle size was about 100 nm from the transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which was similar to the average particle size obtained from the particle size analyser.
Research limitations/implications
The paste particle size was 126.8 nm after storing at 50°C for one week. The addition of diethylene glycol was conducive to high fluorescent reflectivity and gave good line image quality both in warp and weft directions due to the low viscosity. Inkjet printed polyester fabrics achieved excellent rubbing, laundering and thermal subliming fastnesses.
Originality/value
The polyester fabrics thermal transferred with the ink contained diethylene glycol represented higher fluorescent reflectivity and gave better line image quality both in warp and weft directions. The inkjet printed polyester fabrics showed excellent colour reproducibility and all the fastnesses, including rubbing, laundering and thermal subliming, were higher than Grade 4.
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M.A. El‐Kashouti, G.H. Elgemeie, M.M El‐Molla, H.S. El‐Sayad and K.A.E. Ahmed
To synthesize some new heterocyclic disperse azo dyes and their utilization in textile printing.
Abstract
Purpose
To synthesize some new heterocyclic disperse azo dyes and their utilization in textile printing.
Design/methodology/approach
To prepare 1‐cayno‐1‐substituted aryl azo‐2‐methyl benzothiazole by the reaction of 2‐aminothiophenol with malononitrile and the end product coupled with different diazonium salts. The prepared dyestuffs are established using element analysis, IR measurements, 1H‐NMR and Mass spectra. Printing pastes containing the prepared dyestuffs and a thickener were used for printing polyester and/or nylon 6 using either transfer printing or traditional printing.
Findings
New selected arylazo cyanomethyl benzothiazole dyes were obtained from the reaction of diazotized aniline derivatives with 2‐cyanomethyl benzothiazole as a coupling component. The suitability of the prepared dyestuffs for either heat transfer printing or traditional printing on polyester and nylon 6 fabrics has been investigated. The prints obtained from dyes containing non polar groups which have sublimation properties possess high colour strength as well as good overall fastness properties if compared to those obtained using dyes containing polar groups.
Research limitations/implications
The new heterocyclic disperse azo dyes were prepared from 2‐cyanomethylbenzothiazole and were utilized in preparing pastes for textile printing to print polyester and nylon 6 fabrics. In addition, the variation in substituents on the synthesized dyes could also be studied.
Practical implications
The method of synthesis of the new dyestuffs provides a simple and practical solution to prepare some new heterocyclic disperse azo dyes with low molecular weight, suitable for sublimation in heat transfer printing methods.
Originality/value
The methods for synthesis of the new heterocyclic disperse azo dyes are simple. These dyestuffs could be used in textile printing of polyester and nylon 6 on an industrial scale.
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M.H. Helal, G.H. Elgemeie, M.A. El‐kashouti, M.M. ElMolla, H.S. Elsayad and K.A. Ahmed
The purpose of this paper is to synthesise some disperse dyes containing a reactive group and study their applications on polyamide and wool printing by heat transfer and screen…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to synthesise some disperse dyes containing a reactive group and study their applications on polyamide and wool printing by heat transfer and screen printing.
Design/methodology/approach
To prepare these dyes, arylhydrazones of acetylacetone were reacted with cyanothioacetamide in boiling ethanolic sodium ethoxide. The resultant salt was collected by filtration and dried, then the salt was dissolved in ethanol and reacted with chloroacetylchloride with stirring for 3 h, where chloroacetylechloride was added dropwise. The final precipitated product was collected by filtration and crystallised with an appropriate solvent. These prepared dyes were used to print polyamide and wool fabrics by using synthetic thickener in the printing paste for all techniques.
Findings
The structure of the synthesised dyes were established and confirmed for the reaction products on the basis of their elemental analysis and spectral data (MS, IR and 1H‐NMR). The suitability of the prepared dyestuffs for either heat transfer printing or traditional printing on nylon 6 and wool fabrics was investigated. The prints obtained from dyes possess high‐colour strength as well as excellent overall fastness properties.
Research limitations/implications
The synthesised heterocyclic reactive disperse azo dyes were prepared from the reaction of arylhydrazones of acetylacetone and thiocyanoacetamide to form the corresponding pyridinethione salts which underwent further reaction with chloroacetylchloride. The obtained dyes were utilised in preparing a paste for polyamide and wool fabric printing. In addition, both of the variation of the substituents on the synthesised dyes and the fastness properties were also studied.
Practical implications
The synthesis and use of reactive disperse dyes provide practical solution to over come the low fastness on polyamide and wool, when they are printed with disperse dyes only.
Originality/value
The result of the work aimed to define the scope and limitation of the authors' procedures for the synthesis of novel reactive disperse azo dyes to improve the low‐fastness properties of polyamide and wool, the dyes were synthesised in a simple way.
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M.H. Helal, G.H. Elgemeie, M.A. El‐kashouti and K.A. El‐zaher Ahmed
The purpose of this paper is to synthesise new heterocyclic disperse azo dyes based on benzothiazapine moiety and their printability on synthetic fabrics.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to synthesise new heterocyclic disperse azo dyes based on benzothiazapine moiety and their printability on synthetic fabrics.
Design/methodology/approach
Ethyl cyanoacetate was refluxed with aniline derivatives for 3 h to form cyanoacetanilides which coupled with different diazonium salts. The products obtained were cyclised with 2‐amino thiophenol to form arylazo benzothiazapine derivatives. The structures of the new dyes were characterised by micro‐analysis as well as IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. Printing pastes containing the dyestuffs prepared and thickened with sodium alginate were used for printing synthetic fabrics using either transfer printing or traditional screen printing.
Findings
New heterocyclic monoazo dyes derived from benzothiazabine moiety were obtained by the coupling of diazotised aniline derivatives with ethylcyanoacetate anilides followed by cyclisation with 2‐amino thiophenol. The use of synthesised dyes for transfer‐ or screen‐printing polyester and nylon 6 fabrics has been studied. The synthesised dyes which contain electron withdrawing substituents (NO2) in the phenyl ring attached to the azo groups and electron‐donating (OCH3) group on the other phenyl ring exert a bathochromic effect.
Research limitations/implications
Synthesis of azo dyes containing benzothiazapine moiety has never been reported in textile printing.
Practical implications
Production of simple and less costly dyes.
Originality/value
Synthesis of aryl azo benzothiazapine dyes by a simple method and application in printing of synthetic fabrics.
Details
Keywords
M.A. El‐Kashouti, M.M. El Molla, H.S. Elsayad, K.A. Ahmed, M.H. Helal and G.H. Elgemeie
To synthesise several new pyridine‐2(1H)thione containing an arylazo function and their applications in textile printing.
Abstract
Purpose
To synthesise several new pyridine‐2(1H)thione containing an arylazo function and their applications in textile printing.
Design/methodology/approach
To prepare substituted 5‐arylazopyridine‐2(1H)thione by the coupling of diazonium salts of aniline derivatives with dibenzoyl methane (1,3‐diphenyl‐1,3‐propanedione) to form arylhydrazone of dibenzoylmethane which react with cyanothioacetamide in boiling ethanolic sodium ethoxide to yield the 5‐arylazo‐2(1H)‐pyridinethione derivatives. The printing properties by screen printing or transfer printing technique of these dyes are reported by using sodium alginate as thickening agent.
Findings
The structure of 5‐arylazopyridine‐2(1H)thione dyes were established and confirm for the reaction products on the basis of their element analysis and spectral data (MS, IR and 1H‐NMR). The suitability of the prepared dyestuffs for either heat transfer printing or traditional printing on polyester and nylon 6 fabrics has been investigated. The prints obtained from dyes possess high‐colour strength as well as good overall fastness properties.
Research limitations/implications
Synthesis of azo dyes containing pyridinethiole moiety has never been reported in textile printing.
Practical implications
Production of simple and less costly dyes.
Originality/value
5‐arylazo pyridine‐2(1H)thione, the result of our work aimed to define the scope of and limitation of our procedures for the synthesis of novel 5‐arylazopyridine‐2(1H)thione.