E.T. Curran and J. Swithenbank
A quiet revolution is currently taking place in the field of propulsion, as engineers begin to appreciate the remarkable capability of the scramjet. The scramjet, or supersonic…
Abstract
A quiet revolution is currently taking place in the field of propulsion, as engineers begin to appreciate the remarkable capability of the scramjet. The scramjet, or supersonic combustion ramjet, is a very simple device consisting only of an intake, combustion chamber and nozzle. It differs from the ramjet in that, at hypersonic speeds, the air velocity is only decreased by a few per cent in the inlet and the combustion heat release occurs at supersonic velocity. Although its efficiency is small at low supersonic speeds, FIG. 1 shows that it can achieve high efficiency over a very wide velocity spectrum. Furthermore, for much of this range, a fixed geometry (Ref. 2) can be used with little loss in efficiency (as indicated by the dashed line on FIG. 1), thus presenting unparalleled capability for a simple engine unit.
SINCE 1949 the British Iron and Steel Research Association have been studying the properties of hot‐dip aluminized coatings. This work has led to the development of a simplified…
Abstract
SINCE 1949 the British Iron and Steel Research Association have been studying the properties of hot‐dip aluminized coatings. This work has led to the development of a simplified process for coating steel or cast iron with aluminium which appears to offer interesting possibilities for the protection of aircraft components.
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Philip L. Dawes and Graham R. Massey
The purpose of this paper is to develop and test a structural model of the factors that explain the level of perceived relationship effectiveness between marketing managers and…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop and test a structural model of the factors that explain the level of perceived relationship effectiveness between marketing managers and sales managers.
Design/methodology/approach
The model integrates trust‐based and power/influence/interdependence‐based models of relationship effectiveness. The data were collected from 113 sales managers in the UK and Australia. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the validity of the measures, while AMOS Version 4 was employed to estimate the model using structural equation modelling with observed variables.
Findings
The study found, on average, that the perceived level of relationship effectiveness between sales managers and marketing managers is surprisingly high. The findings clearly demonstrate the potency of interpersonal trust (both cognition‐based and affect‐based) in building effective cross‐functional relationships (CFRs) and also show how interdependence affects both dimensions of trust and the marketing manager's level of manifest influence. In addition, the findings indicate that, when marketing managers have greater manifest influence, the CFR is more effective. Importantly, evidence is provided regarding the consequences of marketing managers using the two influence tactics of legalistic pleas and threats, in terms of their effects on trust and manifest influence. Finally, insights are given about the sequencing of these two influence tactics and how the power of the marketing unit indirectly affects relationship effectiveness.
Originality/value
This is one of the very few studies to use a large empirical survey to examine the marketing and sales dyad.
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Inga Wernersson and Monica Hansen Orwehag
The purpose of this paper is to understand how teachers, nurses and engineers view the use of scholarly skills, such as research and critical thinking, in occupational practice…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand how teachers, nurses and engineers view the use of scholarly skills, such as research and critical thinking, in occupational practice and what implications this understanding may have for (especially) teacher education.
Design/methodology/approach
Engineers, nurses and teachers who had worked for at least one year after their education was interviewed (telephone interviews). Four interviews from each category were made in this exploratory study.
Findings
Few of the interviewees spontaneously connect their research methods training or other elements of scientific thinking in their education to everyday work practice, but all give examples of systematic, reflective and critical elements as features present in the occupational context. Almost all also view the final thesis work done in their respective programmes as a gratifying experience. Further, they describe the freedom and independence they have in their choice of research question and form of work as appealing and encouraging.
Research limitations/implications
The study is exploratory and the results should be used to develop ideas about how to improve scholarly/scientific training in profession-oriented higher education programmes.
Practical implications
This paper explore ways to understand and further develop the teaching of scholarly/scientific attitudes and ways of thinking in profession-oriented university programmes.
Social implications
Scholarly skills such as critical thinking, analytical skills and awareness of different perspectives are important in all professions. How to design education to optimize such skills is important for people and society.
Originality/value
The value of the study is that it is a try to use experiences from different fields to improve the generic scholarly aspects of professional education (especially teacher education).
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The purpose of this paper is to facilitate an integrative approach to the implementation, monitoring and reporting of risk management in healthcare settings.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to facilitate an integrative approach to the implementation, monitoring and reporting of risk management in healthcare settings.
Design/methodology/approach
A framework, identified by the acronym RADICAL, is presented. The underlying principles and the strengths of the framework are described.
Findings
The framework comprises the following domains in an integrated grid: raise awareness, design for safety, involve users, collect and analyse patient safety data, and learn from patient safety incidents.
Practical implications
The RADICAL framework provides a simple but comprehensive approach to the implementation, monitoring and reporting of healthcare risk management. It is designed to facilitate learning and accountability at both individual and organisational levels, advocating a balance between “person” and “system”. It covers all domains of patient safety while also being flexible to allow local customisation of the content and metrics for each domain.
Originality/value
The RADICAL framework can be used by service providers and commissioners to implement and monitor risk management, and by regulators for monitoring performance. It can also be used in education and training, and to provide information on quality and safety to service users.
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Jefte da Silva Guimarães, Valéria Serrano Faillace Oliveira Leite, Marco Antonio Sala Minucci and Dermeval Carinhana
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the aerodynamic behavior of a supersonic combustion test bench (SCTB) components, as the transition piece and the combustor of a…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the aerodynamic behavior of a supersonic combustion test bench (SCTB) components, as the transition piece and the combustor of a scramjet (supersonic combustion ramjet), manufactured by 3D printing or additive manufacturing (AM).
Design/methodology/approach
For the dimensional and structural analysis of the manufactured models, a portable 3D scanner was used to generate the mesh of its dimensions, and to compare them before and after the experiments, a roughness measuring system was also used to verify the roughness inside the models before and after the tests, as roughness is an important parameter because it directly affects the boundary layer. For the visualization of the flow, the non-intrusive schlieren optical technique was used.
Findings
The experiments were carried out on the SCBT for Mach 2 flows, using the manufactured prototypes and showed that there was no structural and dimensional change of the model after the test batteries. It was found that the roughness presented by the material did not affect the quality of the flow generated. This shows that the investigated material can also be applied in experiments with supersonic flow.
Originality/value
This paper presents that it is possible to use in ground test facilities, for the studies of supersonic flow (in cold condition), pieces and models manufactured by 3D printing without affecting the quality of the flow generated during the experiments. This study presents a new perspective to approach AM applied in the studies of supersonic flows.
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The purpose of this paper is to attempt an aerospaceplane design with the objective of Low-Earth-Orbit-and-Return-to-Earth (LEOARTE) under the constraints of safety, low cost…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to attempt an aerospaceplane design with the objective of Low-Earth-Orbit-and-Return-to-Earth (LEOARTE) under the constraints of safety, low cost, reliability, low maintenance, aircraft-like operation and environmental compatibility. Along the same lines, a “sister” point-to-point flight on Earth Suborbital Aerospaceplane is proposed.
Design/methodology/approach
The LEOARTE aerospaceplane is based on a simple design, proven low risk technology, a small payload, an aerodynamic solution to re-entry heating, the high-speed phase of the outgoing flight taking place outside the atmosphere, a propulsion system comprising turbojet and rocket engines, an Air Collection and Enrichment System (ACES) and an appropriate mission profile.
Findings
It was found that a LEOARTE aerospaceplane design subject to the specified constraints with a cost as low as 950 United States Dollars (US$) per kilogram into Low Earth Orbit (LEO) might be feasible. As indicated by a case study, a LEOARTE aerospaceplane could lead, among other activities in space, to economically viable Space-Based Solar Power (SBSP). Its “sister” Suborbital aerospaceplane design could provide high-speed, point-to-point flights on the Earth.
Practical implications
The proposed LEOARTE aerospaceplane design renders space exploitation affordable and is much safer than ever before.
Originality/value
This paper provides an alternative approach to aerospaceplane design as a result of a new aerodynamically oriented Thermal Protection System (TPS) and a, perhaps, improved ACES. This approach might initiate widespread exploitation of space and offer a solution to the high-speed “air” transportation issue.
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This research examines micro‐enterprises pursuing gradual growth. While very little research has been targeted specifically at the growth of micro‐enterprises, there are a host of…
Abstract
This research examines micro‐enterprises pursuing gradual growth. While very little research has been targeted specifically at the growth of micro‐enterprises, there are a host of possible influencing factors suggested by the rather broader small business literature. Less research has attempted to integrate the factors that influence growth of small firms into some form of model. Those models that were found had a number of shortfalls when it came to understanding the development of micro‐enterprises. A framework has been developed through this research that addresses these shortfalls. First, it has targeted specifically gradual growth micro‐enterprises; secondly, it is rigorously under‐pinned through empirical research; thirdly, it attempts to comprehensively cover the range of factors that influence development; fourthly, it focuses on the complex interaction of factors that may influence development. The research findings and implications are presented in two parts. Part 1 develops an empirically verified framework that explains how growth is influenced by a myriad of interacting factors. This leads to a discussion of the policy implications of the framework. Part 2 is presented in the next edition of the Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development (JSBED) and will explore the managerial implications of the framework. This will provide a diagnostic toolkit to help micro‐enterprise owner‐managers and advisers pursue growth. The paper is derived from research conducted initially for the submission of a PhD thesis at the University of Brighton (Perren, 1996).