S.B. Fasoyiro, S.R. Ajibade, A.J. Omole, O.N. Adeniyan and E.O. Farinde
African yam bean (Sphenotylis stenocarpa), bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) and lima bean (Phaseolus luunatus) are some of the minor grain…
Abstract
Purpose
African yam bean (Sphenotylis stenocarpa), bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) and lima bean (Phaseolus luunatus) are some of the minor grain legumes found in Nigeria. Their utilization has been very limiting because little is known about their nutritive value. The proximate, minerals and antinutritional factors of two collections of African yam bean, lima beans and pigeon pea, and one collection of bambara groundnut seeds grown in south‐western Nigeria were studied.
Design/methodology/approach
Dry seeds of two collections of African yam bean, pigeon pea and lima beans, and a collection of bambara groundnut were collected from Oyo and Ondo States in south‐western Nigeria. The legumes were sorted, milled and stored in polythene bags at 4°C.
Findings
The crude protein in the legumes was in the range of 22–37 per cent, crude fat 1.47–4.96 per cent, crude fibre 1.92–7.21 per cent and ash 3.33–5.61 per cent. K, Ca and P were in the range of 0.15–0.52 per cent. Iron content of the seeds was very low. The antinutrients, tannin, phytic acid and trypsin inhibitor were very high when compared to those of cowpea, groundnut and soybean.
Originality/value
It therefore implies that consumption of these legumes will require processes that will reduce their antinutritional factors.
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Adenubi Adesoye and Temidayo Oluyede
This paper aims to determine the influence of genotype and environment on tannins, phytic acid, trypsin inhibitors and haemagglutinin content of African yam bean (AYB). The…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to determine the influence of genotype and environment on tannins, phytic acid, trypsin inhibitors and haemagglutinin content of African yam bean (AYB). The presence of antinutritional factors (ANFs) alongside hardness-to-cook have been identified as reasons for the neglected and under-utilized status of AYB, a protein-rich legume. Various researchers have focused on ways to reduce these ANFs. However, breeding varieties of AYB with low levels of these ANFs offers a more satisfactory long-term solution to this problem.
Design/methodology/approach
Fifteen genotypes of AYB were grown in three different locations – Abakaliki (6° 19′ N 8° 6′ E), Enugu (6° 52′ N 7° 37′ E) and Ibadan (7° 26′ N 3° 53′ E). The locations are representative of the major areas where AYB are produced in Nigeria. Seeds were collected and analysed for the presence of haemagglutinin, phytic acid, trypsin inhibitors and tannin.
Findings
Genotype effects were strongest in controlling haemagglutinin content, while environment was the major source of variation for phytic acid, trypsin inhibitors and tannin content. Therefore, variability in the levels of these ANFs in AYB depends largely on the environment where they are grown. Genotype × environment was significant for all the ANFs.
Research limitations/implications
The implication of this is that an AYB genotype grown and safely consumed in an environment could have antinutritional effects when grown and consumed in another environment.
Originality/value
While research has been carried out on genotypic variations in ANFs of AYB, limited work has been done on the effect of genotype × environment interactions on these ANFs.
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Abiola Farinde-Wu, Ayana Allen-Handy, Bettie Ray Butler and Chance W. Lewis
Prior to Brown v. Board of Education 1954, Black female educators played a significant and vital role in segregated schools. Despite Black female teachers’ historic presence in…
Abstract
Prior to Brown v. Board of Education 1954, Black female educators played a significant and vital role in segregated schools. Despite Black female teachers’ historic presence in the field of education, presently Black female teachers are disproportionately under-represented in the US teacher workforce. Acknowledging the shortage of Black female teachers in K-12 classrooms, the purpose of this qualitative study is to explore why Black female educators teach in under-resourced, urban schools. By examining Black female educators’ initial draw to urban schools in what we conceptualized as the urban factor, we hope to reframe the implicit biases surrounding under-resourced, urban schools as less desirable workplaces and unearth reasons why those Black female teachers who enter teaching gravitate more toward urban schools. Three themes emerged about Black female teachers’ thoughts on and preference for urban schools with an unexpected finding about Black female teachers’ perceptions of student behavior. Concluding, recommendations are offered for policy and practice.
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The purpose of this paper is to characterize 25 collections of pigeon pea from south‐west Nigeria using nutritional and anti‐nutritional contents of the seeds.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to characterize 25 collections of pigeon pea from south‐west Nigeria using nutritional and anti‐nutritional contents of the seeds.
Design/methodology/approach
The nutritional and anti‐nutritional constituents of 25 collections of pigeon pea were determined. Data collected were subjected to correlation, principal components and fastclus analyses.
Findings
Ariation among the collections for the nutrient contents was low. Trypsin inhibitor content had the highest variability ranging between 21.74 and 35.43 Tiu/mg. Protein and trypsin inhibitor contents were significant and negatively correlated. The first three principal components explained 74.0 per cent of the total variation. Fastclus procedures grouped the collections into three. Members of cluster 1 had the highest value for protein and the lowest concentrations of the anti‐nutritional factors (ANFs). Cluster 2 possessed relatively low protein with high level of ANFs while cluster 3 was intermediate between clusters 1 and 2 for most characters.
Originality/value
The results indicate that members of cluster 1 with high protein and low levels of ANFs are good candidates in breeding/selecting pigeon pea cultivars with enhanced nutritional values.
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Paul G. Fitchett, Eugenia B. Hopper, Maytal Eyal, Christopher J. McCarthy and Richard G. Lambert
Research funded by the Albert Shanker Institute found African-American teachers leaving teaching at higher rates than White counterparts even though the former are recruited in…
Abstract
Research funded by the Albert Shanker Institute found African-American teachers leaving teaching at higher rates than White counterparts even though the former are recruited in proportionally higher numbers. Thus, while recruitment efforts appear somewhat successful, schools and school systems fail to retain teachers of color. This “revolving door” of African-American teachers portends dire consequences for school communities, creating instability of staffing that potentially upend students’ opportunities for academic success. African-American female (AAF) teachers, considered a backbone of non-White communities, are particularly sensitive to teacher mobility and turnover. Studies, however, indicate that AAF teachers are more satisfied working in urban school contexts than other teachers, suggesting that they prefer racially congruent schools which share sociocultural attributes similar to their own, and view working conditions more favorably in such environments.
Teachers’ perceptions of the workplace can be used to gauge risk for occupational stress. Commonly referred to as the transactional model, teachers’ risk for stress can be assessed by the appraising workplace resources vis-à-vis workplace demands. Stress-vulnerable teachers are associated with lower professional commitment and increased occupational burnout. Using data from the National Center for Education Statistics 2007–2008 Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS), this chapter explored the intersections of risk for occupational stress, racial congruence, and professional commitment among AAF teachers. Findings from this chapter suggest interactions between racial congruence and AAF teachers’ perceptions of occupational stress and commitment to teaching. Implications for how these results might inform policy are discussed.
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Bringing renewed attention to the anemic representation of Black women within the teaching profession, this chapter begins by chronicling the history of Black women in teacher…
Abstract
Bringing renewed attention to the anemic representation of Black women within the teaching profession, this chapter begins by chronicling the history of Black women in teacher education – from the Reconstruction Era to the 21st century – in an effort to highlight the causes of their conspicuous demographic decline. Next, it is argued that increasing the number of Black women in the teaching profession is a worthwhile endeavor although the rationales for such targeted efforts may not be obvious or appreciated by the casual observer. It is, therefore, important to illuminate the multiple justifications as to why it is essential to improve the underrepresentation of Black women in America’s classrooms. Lastly, it is asserted that serious attention is required to reverse the dramatic exodus of Black women from the teaching profession. In conveying this issue, the author shares special emphasis recruiting tactics, for the national, programmatic, and local school district levels, as promising proposals to enlist and retain more Black women in the teaching profession.
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With the ongoing educational disparities and an increasingly diverse special education student population, the need for Black special education teacher faculty at Historically…
Abstract
With the ongoing educational disparities and an increasingly diverse special education student population, the need for Black special education teacher faculty at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) has never been greater. The role of Black women in higher education is indispensable as a means of addressing the social injustices faced by students of color with disabilities, diverse communities, families, and historically underserved groups by training Black educators. In this chapter, the author introduces her authentic self and academic journey as foundational to the proposed ideas expressed. The roles of novice special education faculty are discussed, including the challenges these emerging professionals face in obtaining tenure, promotion, and grant procurement. This is followed by suggestions for how to respond to the microaggressions (e.g., classism and colorism) encountered by both Black and White peers. Based on that groundwork, a series of best practices are proposed for creating safe spaces, nurturing and mentoring our future special education teachers. The chapter ends with a reinforcing and supporting summary of lessons learned to promote persistence and retention among Black special education teacher education faculty.
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Tambra O. Jackson, Ashley Ballard, Marena Drewery, Brianna Membres, Laryn Morgan and Felicia J. Nicholson
In this chapter, we present an analysis of the literature on preservice teachers of Color juxtaposed with the experiences of Ashley, Marena, Brianna, Laryn, and Felicia that gives…
Abstract
In this chapter, we present an analysis of the literature on preservice teachers of Color juxtaposed with the experiences of Ashley, Marena, Brianna, Laryn, and Felicia that gives insight into the ways in which these women of Color describe their understandings of social justice and culturally relevant teaching and the importance it holds for their work as future teachers. Using both culturally relevant pedagogy and critical race theory, we describe critical incidents from their racialized experiences in their teacher education program, inclusive of how they perceived having a Black professor for a diversity course. Lastly, we conclude the chapter with suggestions they deem as beneficial to their development and growth as social justice educators for teacher education programs to consider.
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A.S. Aguda, T.A. Farinde, S.A. Adegboyega and M.O. Olawole
Urban growth has increasingly drawn much attention of erudite scholars due to its central role in achieving a sustainable urbanization. Despite this awareness, studies on urban…
Abstract
Purpose
Urban growth has increasingly drawn much attention of erudite scholars due to its central role in achieving a sustainable urbanization. Despite this awareness, studies on urban growth have continued to dwell on the traditional method of presenting geographical Information, which has proved to be slow and inadequate. The purpose of this paper is to adopt a Geographical Information System (GIS) in assessing the spatial pattern and the physical planning problems associated with the expansion of Ore township between 1964 and 2002. Moreover, the study tends to serve as baseline study for subsequent studies on medium‐sized and nodal towns.
Design/methodology/approach
The study utilized data from secondary sources such as Landsat‐TM, February, 1986, Landsat ETM+, December, 2002; Topographical map of Ore 1964 and population census data of Ore 1991. The study employed ILWIS Academic 3.2 GISsoftware to process the imageries. Coordinates extracted from the topographical map in UTM were used to georeference the enhanced and filtered images upon which supervised classification was performed, followed by error matrix operation and ground truthing to ensure high level accuracy. This results in six domains, namely, built‐up, forest reserve, farmland, secondary forest roads and water bodies, which were analyzed on temporal basis. Predictive model was used.
Findings
The study found that Ore township occupied an area of 1.2 km2 in 1964, expanded to 11.3 km2 in 1986 and 13.2 km2 in 2002 respectively. The prediction showed a possible expansion of 55.33 km2 by 2027. The results further revealed physical planning problems generated by these expansions – housing, inadequate waste disposal system, encroachment into agricultural lands, inadequate health facilities and poor drainage system. From field survey, 62 percent of 125 residential housing units sampled disposed refuse themselves, while 20 percent have no organized refuse collection and 18 percent dispose through other means. This suggests the vulnerability of inhabitants to health risks and environment problems.
Practical implications
Urban growth data are useful in evaluating environmental impacts, delineating growth boundaries, developing land use zoning plans and estimating the expansion rate of a town to advise the government towards proper planning and distribution of utilities. These can be achieved through the adoption of GIS approaches to information gathering and analysis for regular monitoring and evaluation of development plans. Although it is capital intensive, it is worthwhile.
Originality/value
The use of GIS and remotely‐sensed data integrated with population census data and topographical map data has demonstrated the capability inherent in the new tools, GIS and remote sensing, to generate to some extent base line data for the town planners, in order to proactively channel the urban development in an appropriate direction, particularly the medium‐sized and nodal towns that are somewhat neglected.
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Subuola Bosede Fasoyiro, Veronica Adeoti Obatolu, Subuola Bosede Fasoyiro, Veronica Adeoti Obatolu, Olukayode Adebayo Ashaye, Gabriel Olaniran Adegoke and Elizabeth Oluremi Farinde
In Nigeria, soymilk and fried soy‐cheese are common street‐vended foods sold in market places, motor‐parks, streets and schools. Many processors of these soy‐foods are women using…
Abstract
Purpose
In Nigeria, soymilk and fried soy‐cheese are common street‐vended foods sold in market places, motor‐parks, streets and schools. Many processors of these soy‐foods are women using the soy‐food business to generate income in supporting their families. They have little or no knowledge about good manufacturing practices and good hygiene practices. Careless exposure of prepared foods to environmental contamination is quiet noticeable. The purpose of this paper is to assess microbial hazards and critical control points (CCPs) in the processing of locally processed fried soy‐cheese from different areas in Oyo State, South‐West Nigeria.
Design/methodology/approach
Soy‐cheese processors were visited. Samples of water used for processing, fermented maize liquor used as coagulant and fried soy‐cheese were collected for microbial analysis. CCPs were analyzed.
Findings
Higher microbial load was recorded in the coagulant samples (≤106 Cfu/ml) and in the fried soy‐cheese displayed for sale (≤103 Cfu/ml). Pathogenic micro‐organisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli were characterized from the collected samples. Coliforms were present in samples collected.
Originality/value
The paper shows that these processors need to be trained in food safety practices to reduce health risks associated with consumption of these locally processed foods.