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The aim of this work is to evaluate the electrochemical noise (EN) method as a way of evaluating quickly the aggressiveness of natural atmospheres.

Wire‐on‐bolt tests were used, which implies an exposure of at least three months of bimetallic specimens such as aluminium wire/steel bolt and aluminium wire/copper bolt (CLIMAT units). Electrochemical noise measurements (ENM) also were used.

EN is a powerful tool in the assessing of aggressiveness of atmospheres in short time exposure. Statistical analyses of EN were carried out and provided clear differences between atmospheres depending on pollutants. Results of noise resistance (R_n), root mean square of current (I_rms) and localization index are discussed.

The possible application of ENM to atmospheric corrosion is interesting from a practical point of view. However, more experiments are necessary in order to test a wide range of atmospheres.

EN has proved to be a useful tool when localised corrosion is detected and the presence of chlorides in atmospheres, due to sea fog, results in pitting on the metallic samples.

Illustrates that electrochemical noise can be a powerful tool for assessing the aggressiveness of natural atmospheres.

The aims are to investigate the influence of different environmental parameters on atmospheric corrosion of carbon steel and to further emphasize the feasibility and importance of atmospheric corrosion monitor (ACM).

The experiment includes outdoor exposure test and laboratory simulation test. ACM as an electrochemical method was adopted in order to research the effects of the environmental parameters on the atmospheric corrosion of carbon steel.

The corrosion current of ACM can respond satisfactorily to the corrosion of carbon steel caused by different environmental factors, especially relative humidity. Sulfur dioxide can greatly accelerate the corrosion of carbon steel and the importance of sulfur dioxide is closely related to its concentration and relative humidity. Copper‐accelerated acetic acid salt solution is more aggressive than neutral salt solution, which may be due to sub acidity and copper ion in the former solution.

Recently, ACM seems to be ignored in the research of atmospheric corrosion when some new methods come up, but in practical applications it is a simple, direct and effective method that should be attached importance. This paper further verified the feasibility and effectiveness of ACM used in monitoring atmospheric corrosion and exploring the relationship between corrosion rate and environmental parameters.

To study the early stages of damage by corrosion fatigue (CF) in an austenitic stainless steel using the electrochemical noise (EN) Technique.

Potential and current transients measured between two nominally identical electrodes during CF of an UNS S31603 SS were continuously monitored using a zero‐resistance‐ammeter at different periods of exposure to seawater. The tests were carried out under cyclic loading of constant amplitude, stress ratio R=0 and load frequency of ω=0.17 Hz. The analysis was focused on both, crack nucleation sites and short fatigue crack growth, and the correlation between corrosion‐fatigue cracking and characteristics of potential transients and the associated intensity current.

Measurements of EN, showed a good relationship between the potential transients and current fluctuations with the initiation and growth of inter‐granular corrosion‐fatigue cracks. The amplitude and frequency of potential transients and the intensity of current transients became more intense as the number of loading cycles increased. The initiation of crack events and small crack growth could be associated with the noise patterns with amplitudes of 20 and 70 mV and current density between 0.10 and 0.60 μA cm²; while large inter‐granular crack growth events, were due to coalescence of small cracks, and could be associated with patterns of 200 mV in amplitude and a cathodic current density of 8.0 μA cm². The crack nucleation sites generally were located at grain boundary triple points on the specimen surface.

The EN Technique can be a good alternative to evaluate the early stages of damage by CF.

The purpose of this paper is to quantitatively assess the pit growth rate on AISI 304L and AISI 316 austenitic stainless steels in natural seawater and 3.5 wt.% NaCl solutions through electrochemical measurements during the potentiostatic growth of pits.

A quantitative characterisation was carried out based on chronoamperometric measurements. The volume of dissolved metal per pit was calculated from the charge registered and Faraday's law, considering both, hemispherical and semi‐elliptical pit shapes and the density of the steels. Empirical growth laws for maximum pit depth as a function of polarisation time were obtained and compared with pits volumetric profile obtained from optical microscopy analysis and mechanical removal of material on both steels.

Electrochemical‐based calculations of localised metal dissolution per pit present acceptable fit with the real volume of dissolved metal on hemispherical pits.

The paper presents the quantitative relationship of the corrosion pit growth rate of stainless steels in chloride containing solution determined by chronoamperometry (electrochemical technique) through the Faraday law's, with the mechanical removal of material (pit profile) through the density of metal.

A debate on whether new ventures should be supported with public funding is taking place. Adopting a position on this discussion requires rigorous assessments of implemented programs. However, the few existing efforts have mostly focused on regional cases in developed countries. To fill this gap, this paper aims to measure the effects of a regional acceleration program in a developing country (Medellin, Colombia).

The economic notion of capabilities is used to frame the analysis of firm characteristics and productivity, which are hypothesized to be heterogeneous within the program. To test these relationships, propensity score matching is used in a sample of 60 treatment and 16,994 control firms.

This paper finds that treated firms had higher revenue than propensity score-matched controls on average, confirming a positive impact on growth measures. However, such financial growth is mostly observed in service firms rather than other economic sectors.

Further evaluations, with a longer period and using more outcome variables, are suggested in the context of similar publicly funded programs in developing countries.

These findings tip the balance in favor of the literature suggesting supportive programs for high-growth firms as opposed to everyday entrepreneurship. This is an insight, especially under the context of an emerging economy, which has scarce funding to support entrepreneurship.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the systematic relationships among dynamic capabilities in startups’ survival.

This study is based on a systematic literature review on dynamic capabilities related to startups’ survival, following the content analysis approach.

This study presents four different perspectives of analysis about dynamic capabilities from resources exchange and business factors that meet needs of startups' survival. It also points out new area for future research in this field. In doing so, this study differentiates itself by its approach not limiting dynamic capabilities research and enriching entrepreneurs' capability theory.

By indicating an evolution of dynamic capabilities theory among tangible and intangible resources exchange in a more favorable adaptation to startups growth, this study boosters and contributes to the society, economy in general and to the science of business management in various perspectives such as overcoming cognitive barriers, entrepreneur’s commitment, innovation capabilities and knowledge capacity of startups.

This study amplifies dynamic capabilities vision in startups’ survival as one of the main sources for growth in this type of organizations. It also develops a deeper understanding about new avenues for dynamic capabilities theory among tangible and intangible resources exchange.

This study explores the experiences of five high school–aged youth involved in creative writing and poetry slam performances operated by a nonprofit organization in the city of Houston, Texas. Seeking to understand how poetry may have helped the youth in this study, Multiple Literacies Theory (MLT) (Masny & Cole, 2007) is used as an interpretive tool in this paper. In addition, the literary writing style of bildungsroman, or writing that reflects on one's worldview and personhood through lived experiences, is discussed as part and parcel to the poet's process because of the personal narratives used in their poetry. Narrative inquiry methodology was used in this longitudinal study because it allowed fluid ways of analyzing emergent sociocultural issues faced by the participants, who identified as Black, LGBTIQ, Asian American and also indicated intersectional, marginalized life experiences. It is hoped that this study will outline some of the benefits of art-based education and bildungsroman for marginalized learners, as well as inspire further research into art-based pedagogies and assessments, which may better reflect multiple literacies.

This paper aims to examine the evolution of a competitive market structure over time through the lens of competitive group membership dynamics.

A new hidden Markov modeling approach is devised that accounts for the three sources of competitive heterogeneity involving managerial strategy, corporate performance and the impact of strategy on performance. In addition, some observed “entry” and “exit” states are considered to model firms’ entry into and exit from the market. The proposed model is illustrated with an investigation of the US banking industry based on a data set created from the COMPUSTAT database. This paper estimated the model within the Bayesian framework and devised a reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo estimation procedure to determine the number of latent competitive groups and uncover the characteristics of each group.

This paper shows that the US banking industry, contrary to the prior findings of having a relatively stable structure, has, in fact, gone through dramatic changes in the past number of decades.

Contrary to prior work that has primarily focused on managerial strategy to study market evolutions, the competitive groups perspective accounts for all three sources of intra-industry competitive heterogeneity. In addition, unlike prior research, the analysis is not limited to firms remaining in the panel of study for the entire observation period. Such limitation results in missing the various changes that occur in the competitive market structure because of the new entrants or the struggling firms that do not survive in the market.

The purpose of this article is to develop an integrative framework of accelerator design to answer the question of what activities accelerators perform and how they function within a structured framework. Research on the functioning of accelerators as a mechanism for startup engagement produced multiple empirical results. However, the comparability of relevant research is strongly limited, currently hindering theoretical developments. Existing accelerator design models often differ and only partially overlap, which leaves extant literature with a fragmented and discordant conceptual understanding.

Based on a meta-synthesis method using qualitative analysis of 36 accelerator design articles, an integrative framework is developed. After identification of relevant literature, a renowned method for extracting, coding and synthesizing data on individual and cross-study level is applied to identify accelerator design constructs. Eventually, identified accelerator design constructs are integrated into a framework resting on the activity system lens of business model design.

The article reconciles fragmented knowledge on accelerator design and shows how accelerator design can be holistically conceptualized by 32 key activities clustered in eight design dimensions. The framework is complemented by an initial guideline for measurement. The findings further highlight formerly disregarded aspects of governance and community formation from a processual and structural perspective.

This article is the first to present a comprehensive picture of accelerator design integrating multiple empirical findings of prior research into a single coherent framework. This framework offers a shared foundation for future research exploring the delineations, functioning and impact of accelerators. From a practical perspective, the article provides managers of accelerators a guide to design, review and improve programs according to their value creation goals.

This study attempts to investigate corrosion inhibition properties of 1H-benzimidazole (B) and 1H-benzotriazole (BTA) on aluminum in 0.25 M HCl solution at different concentrations.

To this end, electrochemical techniques including electrochemical noise (EN), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization were used.

Results showed a greater corrosion inhibition efficiency of BTA than B on aluminum in HCl solution. BTA showed greater tendency to adsorption on the metal surface than B because of the inclusion of three nitrogen atoms.

The novelty of this work is comparing EN data with EIS and potentiodynamic polarization parameters.