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Article
Publication date: 1 September 1955

E.G. Rawlings

For many years rubber has been employed to combat corrosion in numerous industries and new applications are continually being found for this versatile material. The accepted…

57

Abstract

For many years rubber has been employed to combat corrosion in numerous industries and new applications are continually being found for this versatile material. The accepted method of using rubber has, however, been in the form of sheet linings to concrete or metal tanks, etc., or as structures either constructed from or lined with ebonite. The modern corrosion engineer, however, has rubber at his disposal in yet another form, namely as one of the basic raw materials for a member of the acid‐resisting cement group, i.e. the latex/cements. These cements, whilst being comparative new‐comers to this field, have proved their worth under many widely varying conditions. The purpose of this article is therefore to outline the methods of preparation of these compounds, to detail their rather unique properties and to cover in detail their applications in a number of industries.

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Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 2 no. 9
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0003-5599

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Article
Publication date: 1 August 1957

E.G. Rawlings

One of the most versatile weapons which the corrosion engineer has at his disposal in his constant war against corrosion is rubber. Both natural and synthetic rubber sheet linings…

46

Abstract

One of the most versatile weapons which the corrosion engineer has at his disposal in his constant war against corrosion is rubber. Both natural and synthetic rubber sheet linings have been used for many years for the protection of tanks and chemical plant, and rubber has also entered the field of acid‐resisting cements in the form of the rubber latex‐hydraulic cement compounds. Both of these techniques have been described in previous issues of this journal, but the fact remains that one of the commonest methods of preventing corrosion is by the application of a protective coating of only a few thousandths of an inch thickness and here again the rubbers play an important part.

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Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 4 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0003-5599

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Publication date: 1 July 1916

Our nineteenth volume opens with this page in circumstances as unsettled and uncertain as any in the history of this or any other journal. In defiance of prophecy the European…

55

Abstract

Our nineteenth volume opens with this page in circumstances as unsettled and uncertain as any in the history of this or any other journal. In defiance of prophecy the European conflict drags its colossal slow length wearily along, bearing with it the hopes and fears of the whole human race. It is not to be wondered at that the aims for which we strive have not made great strides in the year that has just closed. Important as we recognize literature and its distribution to be, the pressing material needs of the people often cause them to lose sight of the invincible fact that the freedom of the human spirit, its intellectual and humane expansion, are, after all is said, the ultimate aims of the war. It will not be of abiding service to the British race if in conquering the Germans we sacrifice beyond redemption all those sources of sweetness and light which have been the outcome of centuries of British endeavour. We do not fear that such sacrifice will be demanded of us, but the logic of material facts demonstrates that all who care for schools, libraries, museums, art galleries, music, and all other agencies for the moral and spiritual uplifting of men, must be on their guard against the well‐meaning but ignorant encroachments of those who would rather “save money” by abolishing them, than, for example, by foregoing their own individual luxuries.

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New Library World, vol. 19 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0307-4803

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Article
Publication date: 4 February 2025

Marta Campos-Valenzuela, Julio Diéguez-Soto and Daniel Ruiz-Palomo

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of human capital investment (HCI) on corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices in SMEs. Analysing a sample of 1,136 firms…

19

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of human capital investment (HCI) on corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices in SMEs. Analysing a sample of 1,136 firms (729 FBs and 407 NFBs) and using a PLS-PM methodology, our results support that HCI has a favourable impact on CSR practices in SMEs and that family business (FB) status plays a moderating role on these relationships.

Design/methodology/approach

We estimate the proposed model using partial least squares path modelling (PLS-PM), a variance-based structural equation (SEM) method, using SmartPLS 3.3 software. PLS simultaneously evaluates the reliability and validity of the variables (external model) and the estimation of the trajectories between these constructs (internal model). The PLS-PM technique is appropriate in this research because: 1. the model makes use of type A composites; 2. the proposed research model has some complexity since we pay attention to the existence of moderating effects; and 3. no specific distribution is required in PLS indicators.

Findings

The main findings of this study are: (1) HCI increases CSR practices in the SME context and (2) FB status exerts a positive influence on the relationship between HCI and CSR practices.

Research limitations/implications

This study, grounded in RBV theory and the concept of “familiness,” uses employees' education and training to measure HCI in FBs. While other research focuses on employee competence and attitude to define HCI, future studies should explore all these elements to better understand their impact on CSR practices in SMEs. Additionally, factors like regulation, organisational culture and personal traits may influence the relationship between HCI and CSR practices, suggesting the need for further research. Future studies could also examine family SMEs by considering aspects such as family management or governance as moderating variables, contributing to the discussion on FB heterogeneity. Causes of heterogeneity in FBs include goals, governance structures and resources, supporting recent calls for a deeper understanding of these variations, particularly in how HCI affects CSR practices.

Practical implications

This study also highlights several practical contributions. Today’s complex business environment requires organisations to focus on a wide range of stakeholders to remain sustainable. Organisations must understand how HCI influences CSR practices, specifically how education and training for both employees and managers lead to greater sustainable practices. Therefore, awareness and training for family employees, CEOs and external staff are essential for the proper development of CSR practices. Increased education or training programs by public and private institutions or incentive schemes could help promote these practices within firms. Our results further suggest that governments and other organisations interested in business development should not assume that HCI is universally beneficial for CSR practices in all firms. Specifically, the study shows that HCI has a positive effect on different dimensions of CSR in SMEs, and this influence is even more pronounced in family SMEs. Therefore, government agencies and employers' associations should consider the impact of these factors—HCI and FB status—when designing and implementing more effective policies.

Social implications

This study makes several theoretical contributions. It explores the influence of HCI on multiple dimensions of CSR, focusing on individual-level drivers like education and training for managers and employees. The findings reveal that HCI positively affects environmental, labour and social CSR practices, especially in SMEs. The study also highlights the unique role of FBs, showing that FB status strengthens the relationship between HCI and CSR due to their focus on long-term goals and community well-being. This research addresses gaps in understanding the heterogeneity of CSR practices between FBs and non-family businesses (NFBs).

Originality/value

This article is original, unpublished and all sources and contributions have been properly acknowledged.

Details

Journal of Family Business Management, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2043-6238

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Article
Publication date: 4 May 2012

Bernadette Kamleitner, Christian Korunka and Erich Kirchler

Small business owners play an important role in the tax system. This paper seeks to establish a framework to highlight the particular tax situation of small business owners and…

9277

Abstract

Purpose

Small business owners play an important role in the tax system. This paper seeks to establish a framework to highlight the particular tax situation of small business owners and the resulting implications, from a psychological perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

A framework identifying the key characteristics of small business owners' actual and perceived tax situation is established. Literature investigating these characteristics is reviewed in line with the proposed framework.

Findings

Three key aspects seem to distinguish small business owners' perceptions of their tax situation: small business owners are likely to perceive more opportunities not to comply than employed taxpayers; they are more likely to experience a lack of meaningful taxation knowledge; and they are more likely to face decision frames that render taxes as painful losses.

Research limitations/implications

The suggested link between the subjective experience of the tax situation and compliance calls for a focus on strategies that aim to influence taxpayers' perceptions of their own evasion opportunities, their level of legislative and procedural knowledge, and their sense of ownership of tax money. Such a strategy is suggested to be particularly likely to be effective in the phase of nascent entrepreneurship and in a climate of mutual trust between taxpayers and tax authorities.

Originality/value

This paper comprehensively identifies and reviews the perceptual correlates of factors unique to small business owners' tax behaviour.

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International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, vol. 18 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-2554

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Article
Publication date: 1 April 2002

O.O. UGWU and J.H.M. TAH

Resource selection/optimization problems are often characterized by two related problems: numerical function and combinatorial optimization. Although techniques ranging from…

197

Abstract

Resource selection/optimization problems are often characterized by two related problems: numerical function and combinatorial optimization. Although techniques ranging from classical mathematical programming to knowledge‐based expert systems (KBESs) have been applied to solve the function optimization problem, there still exists the need for improved solution techniques in solving the combinatorial optimization. This paper reports an exploratory work that investigates the integration of genetic algorithms (GAs) with organizational databases to solve the combinatorial problem in resource optimization and management. The solution strategy involved using two levels of knowledge (declarative and procedural) to address the problems of numerical function, and combinatorial optimization of resources. The research shows that GAs can be effectively integrated into the evolving decision support systems (DSSs) for resource optimization and management, and that integrating a hybrid GA that incorporates resource economic and productivity factors, would facilitate the development of a more robust DSS. This helps to overcome the major limitations of current optimization techniques such as linear programming and monolithic techniques such as the KBES. The results also highlighted that GA exhibits the chaotic characteristics that are often observed in other complex non‐linear dynamic systems. The empirical results are discussed, and some recommendations given on how to achieve improved results in adapting GAs for decision support in the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) sector.

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Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, vol. 9 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0969-9988

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Article
Publication date: 12 February 2025

Vikram Singh Chouhan and Abhishek Shukla

The study aims to examine the association between virtual communication effectiveness (VCE), leadership effectiveness (LE) and the role of emotional intelligence (EI) in the…

15

Abstract

Purpose

The study aims to examine the association between virtual communication effectiveness (VCE), leadership effectiveness (LE) and the role of emotional intelligence (EI) in the post-pandemic era.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey was conducted among 305 employees in the Indian IT sector using an online questionnaire. Data were analyzed using reliability, validity and moderated regression analysis.

Findings

The findings reveal that VCE is a significant predictor of LE. EI plays a significant moderating role between VCE and LE.

Originality/value

This study establishes the role of EI in pre-empting LE. Furthermore, it results in the advancement of improved tools for the selection, training and development of leadership talent. Research on virtual communication (VC) and EI enhances our understanding of effective leadership. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the present research is one of the first to link and standardize various practices of VC, and EI to increase LE in the post-pandemic era.

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Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1757-4323

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Article
Publication date: 10 April 2017

Rachel Dolan

The purpose of this paper is to suggest HMP Grendon therapeutic community (TC) reduces recidivism and increases positive emotional and social well-being. Less is known about the…

2639

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to suggest HMP Grendon therapeutic community (TC) reduces recidivism and increases positive emotional and social well-being. Less is known about the factors that influence these positive impacts from the prisoner’s perspective. This paper discusses the factors perceived as most effective in changing behaviour, from the residents of HMP Grendon.

Design/methodology/approach

A questionnaire based on different aspects of the programme measured perceived importance of different aspects. Semi-structured interviews explored these issues in greater depth and detail and the framework approach was utilised to analyse the data.

Findings

Questionnaire data suggested small group therapy, discussing offence impact, resolving problems with others, feeling responsible for self and actions, and open communication were perceived as the most important factors in terms of “what works”. Qualitative interviews supported these findings, and feeling safe, as well as trusting and supportive relationships with other residents and staff were seen as an integral part of the process of change. The analysis also identified some areas for improvement.

Research limitations/implications

This paper offers insights into the process of change for residents, how the components of the TC experience are valued and their perceived impact, offering an updated understanding from the residents’ perspective, and also identifies areas for improvement. This is valuable for current and future TCs for planning and development. It is limited by the cross-sectional nature and relatively small number of factors considered.

Originality/value

This paper offers unique insights into why and how Grendon TC works from the residents’ perspective, using a large sample and appropriate qualitative methodology.

Details

Therapeutic Communities: The International Journal of Therapeutic Communities, vol. 38 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0964-1866

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Article
Publication date: 1 October 2006

Brian E. Porter and Todd P. Steen

The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of Christian investors and the responsibility to promote justice and stewardship.

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of Christian investors and the responsibility to promote justice and stewardship.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper examines three models of integrating the Christian faith with investing in the stock market. The first model considers investing in the stock market with minimal ethical discretion, looking at possible justifications for such behavior. The second model looks at the practice of avoidance of the stock market. The third model examines the ethic of active stewardship, where individuals more closely monitor the ethical behavior of firms.

Findings

Buying stock in a company makes one a part owner of that firm, and as an owner Christians have responsibilities to promote justice and stewardship within that firm. Although Christians may differ on the proper model for responding to this responsibility, the goal of all Christians should be to encourage fair business practices, honest labor‐management relations, care for the environment, and the production of goods that are truly useful in today’s society.

Practical implications

All three models can be based on various understandings of the Christian scriptures. The authors assert that whatever model is chosen, Christians need to look beyond just monetary returns when making investment decisions.

Originality/value

The value of this paper is that it explores the difficulty of integrating the Christian faith with investing and offers a model for being a responsible Christian investor.

Details

Managerial Finance, vol. 32 no. 10
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0307-4358

Keywords

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Article
Publication date: 1 August 1955

ITALY IS ALIVE TO CORROSION. ON the initiative of Doctor‐Engineer Nicola Varvo, a leading Italian corrosion expert, systematic steps are to be taken to promote the formation in…

8

Abstract

ITALY IS ALIVE TO CORROSION. ON the initiative of Doctor‐Engineer Nicola Varvo, a leading Italian corrosion expert, systematic steps are to be taken to promote the formation in Italy of a corps of young engineers interested and trained in corrosion problems. Every year suitable students in different Italian universities will be selected for special courses on the scientific, technical and practical aspects of corrosion, and a number of them will receive grants to study corrosion problems abroad and exchange information with corrosion experts of other countries. It is expected that as a natural consequence of their special training these young corrosion engineers will acquire and preserve an esprit de corps which will be reflected in the formation of some kind of association for the benefit alike to members and to Italian industry and commerce at large.

Details

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 2 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0003-5599

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