AS air is a compressible fluid, a decrease of pressure occurs with increase of altitude (FIG. 1.) This change gives rise to anoxia or altitude sickness (due to lack of oxygen)…
Abstract
AS air is a compressible fluid, a decrease of pressure occurs with increase of altitude (FIG. 1.) This change gives rise to anoxia or altitude sickness (due to lack of oxygen), expansion of the gas in ear or abdomen and ‘bends’ or decompression sickness. For these reasons (and also because of the low temperature and humidity) it is necessary to protect passengers intending to fly at high altitudes by placing them in a special cabin in which a suitable pressurized atmosphere can be maintained.
THE work of Johnson, Mathur and Henderson on the ‘Creep Deflexion of Magnesium Alloy Struts’ raised the question in the present writer's mind of the stress distribution in the…
Abstract
THE work of Johnson, Mathur and Henderson on the ‘Creep Deflexion of Magnesium Alloy Struts’ raised the question in the present writer's mind of the stress distribution in the beam cross‐section, and the variation of this distribution with time. The precise computation of the stress distribution in an eccentrically loaded strut appears to be a very difficult problem, and the present note is concerned with the much simpler case of a beam subjected to a constant bending moment.
Rachel Sharples and Linda Briskman
When it comes to deterring and incarcerating people seeking asylum, there is a fusion between racialisation and politicisation. The bedrock is the colonisation of the nation now…
Abstract
When it comes to deterring and incarcerating people seeking asylum, there is a fusion between racialisation and politicisation. The bedrock is the colonisation of the nation now called Australia, where the dispossession of Indigenous peoples was a national project that later merged into the building of a state that lauded British heritage and the exclusion of migrants through the White Australia policy. This foundation of nationhood continues in a manner that challenges the myth of harmonious multiculturalism by determining who is deemed worthy and who is excluded. The centrepiece of racialised bordering is the immigration detention regime which is increasingly characterised by transporting people to offshore sites. This chapter argues through examples, how people seeking asylum have been racialised, dehumanised and criminalised, particularly through a national security lens.
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John T. Sennetti, Charles P. Becker and Howard J. Lawrence
This chapter investigates whether jurors, in their attribution of auditor responsibility, may be inappropriately influenced by the client use of a principles-based accounting…
Abstract
This chapter investigates whether jurors, in their attribution of auditor responsibility, may be inappropriately influenced by the client use of a principles-based accounting standard, even if this standard is properly applied. Following prior research on questionable auditor conduct and its subsequent evaluation by juries, which is often subject to hindsight and outcome bias, this chapter examines whether an auditor's legal liability increases when its client uses principles-based accounting standards, by conducting a controlled experiment with 124 qualified jurors serving a county circuit court. Each juror is properly instructed and provided one of four different cases, obtained by manipulating two levels of an accounting standard, one principles-based and one rules-based, and by manipulating two subsequent client-loss outcomes, one moderately negative and one severely negative. This study finds jurors evaluate auditors more negatively if auditors have relied on a principles-based accounting standard. This attribution is influenced by hindsight bias and the perceived risk-taking responsibility of the investor, but independent of the client-loss outcome severity. These results contribute to the discussion of adopting or converting to the principles-based International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) by the United States.
WE have frequently in the past given expression to our belief that one of the more useful functions AIRCRAFT ENGINEERING can perform is to publish from time to time articles…
Abstract
WE have frequently in the past given expression to our belief that one of the more useful functions AIRCRAFT ENGINEERING can perform is to publish from time to time articles summarizing the position and surveying the existing state of knowledge on some subject of general interest. The difficulty, of course, always is to find someone with the time, as well as the inclination, to step back from his day‐to‐day routine investigations to prepare such a paper. Certainly that has always been the obstacle we have met when we have formed the opinion that the time has arrived when a survey on such broad lines of this or that matter would be of interest; apart from the view that a sufficient state of finality has not been attained for the process to be possible, pre‐supposing that such a condition ever is reached in any branch of knowledge.
Tüzin Baycan Levent, Enno Masurel and Peter Nijkamp
The aim of this paper is to investigate the phenomenon of ethnic female entrepreneurship in urban economic life. The focus of the research is on the attitudes and behaviour of…
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to investigate the phenomenon of ethnic female entrepreneurship in urban economic life. The focus of the research is on the attitudes and behaviour of Turkish female entrepreneurs in Amsterdam. The main question we pose is: Are ethnic female entrepreneurs special ethnic entrepreneurs or special female entrepreneurs? This paper provides an answer to this question on the basis of field surveys. The results of the case study research on Turkish female entrepreneurs in Amsterdam show that the “ethnic female profile” is a “special female profile” and that Turkish female entrepreneurs are “special female entrepreneurs”, particularly in terms of their personal and business characteristics, and their driving forces and motivations. They appear to combine their ethnic opportunities with their personal characteristics (and other opportunities) in the urban market, and to perform successfully. This is also due to the fact that they have become service providers for not only their own ethnic groups, but also for other groups in the city.
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Antonio Fabio Di Rienzo, Pietro Asinari, Romano Borchiellini and Sunhash C. Mishra
The purpose of this paper is to present and validate some improvements to the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) for solving radiative heat transfer in a participating medium…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present and validate some improvements to the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) for solving radiative heat transfer in a participating medium. Validation of the model is performed by investigating the effects of spatial and angular discretizations and extinction coefficient on the solution. The error analysis and the order of convergence of the scheme are also reported.
Design/methodology/approach
LB scheme is derived from the radiative transfer equation, where isotropic scattering and radiative equilibrium condition are assumed. Azimuthal angle is discretized according to the lattice velocities on the computational plane, while, concerning the polar angle, an additional component of the discrete velocity normal to the plane is introduced. Radiative LB scheme is used to solve a 2‐D square enclosure benchmark problem. In order to validate the model, results of LB scheme are compared with a reference solution obtained through a Richardson extrapolation of the results of a standard finite volume method.
Findings
The proposed improvements drastically increase the accuracy of the previous method. Radiative LB scheme is found to be (at most) first order accurate. Numerical results show that solution gets more accurate when spatial and azimuthal angle discretizations are improved, but a saturation threshold exists. With regard to polar angle, minimum error occurs when a particular subdivision is considered.
Originality/value
The paper provides simple but effective improvements to the recently proposed lattice Boltzmann method for solving radiative heat transfer in a participating medium.
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The purpose of this paper is to review facilities management among the ancient Romans with an emphasis on features that are relevant for understanding the evolution of current…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to review facilities management among the ancient Romans with an emphasis on features that are relevant for understanding the evolution of current innovative practices.
Design/methodology/approach
Ancient Roman literary sources, inscriptions, other archaeological findings and secondary literature are used to identify facilities management functions and facilities managers. The advanced management of public baths and gymnasia is discussed as well as relations between lifestyles and workplaces. Roman information technology and contractual skills are included.
Findings
It is meaningful to speak of facilities managers in Roman times, although mostly for buildings such as baths with complex technologies. There is a striking lack of differentiation between offices and homes, and the meanings of work and leisure were understood differently. Primitive information technology is a possible explanation, although it did not impede the development of contracts with detailed service‐level agreements. Availability and use of energy in facilities emerges as the most important change.
Originality/value
Recent studies of innovations in facilities management concern very short‐time periods. In this paper, the long historical perspective allows identifying the importance of large technology shifts. Practitioners may benefit from implications for specialised building design, in particular the link between a particular level of information technology and the need for offices.
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Gillian C. Hopkinson and Sandra Hogarth‐Scott
Examines the behavioural implications of the three main micro‐economic explanations – resource constraint, agency theory and search cost theory – for franchising. Reviews these…
Abstract
Examines the behavioural implications of the three main micro‐economic explanations – resource constraint, agency theory and search cost theory – for franchising. Reviews these theories, along with the empirical evidence found to support them. Highlights the implications of each explanation upon relational quality using four relational characteristics drawn from Macneil. Uses the characteristics of power balance, anticipation of trouble, sense of unity and presentation of costs and benefits. Argues that since the motivation to franchise depends upon the specific strategy employed by the franchisor, then relational quality will legitimately differ according to franchisor strategy. Describes a model drawn by linking strategic direction, franchise motivation and relational quality. Some illustrative propositions are derived from the model. Discusses the implications of the theory for both researchers and managers.