There is still a real demand in the glass industry for fire bricks for crucibles, e.g. for the production of glass with low iron content, or special glasses. The results mentioned…
Abstract
There is still a real demand in the glass industry for fire bricks for crucibles, e.g. for the production of glass with low iron content, or special glasses. The results mentioned herein should not be taken to mean that in future, fire bricks used for glass production should, in all cases, be replaced by ZAC bricks. For high quality production, however, the use of the relatively expensive type is justified.
Chen Li, Srinivasan Swaminathan and Junhee Kim
Many firms engage customers using coalition loyalty programs. One unique characteristic of these programs is that one partner’s performance can affect the performance of other…
Abstract
Purpose
Many firms engage customers using coalition loyalty programs. One unique characteristic of these programs is that one partner’s performance can affect the performance of other partners (cross-partner effect). While previous research discusses cross-partner effects from the program sales perspective, the role of point redemptions in cross-partner effects is unknown to marketers. This study aims to investigate this role and discusses its variations among stores of the same chain and those of different chains.
Design/methodology/approach
Using the data of a popular coalition loyalty program, this paper estimates an empirical model that accounts for the dynamics of program sales and point redemptions and the heterogeneity among different partners in the program.
Findings
Cross-partner effects are different between point redemption and program sales. In particular, program sales (point redemptions) in other stores of different chains positively (negatively) affect the focal store’s point redemptions. However, point redemptions in other stores of the same chain as the focal store positively affect the focal store’s program sales.
Research limitations/implications
Coalition loyalty programs are becoming popular around the globe. This research investigates the cross-partner effects of coalition loyalty programs. This is of immense value to practitioners and researchers alike.
Practical implications
This research gives marketing managers insights into the workings of coalition loyalty programs.
Originality/value
This research contributes to loyalty program literature in three ways. First, it complements the literature by investigating the role of point redemption in cross-partner effects. Second, it discusses cross-partner effects in the competing stores from the same chain of the focal store and those from different chains. Third, it explores the dynamic effects of program sales and point redemptions at other stores on program sales at the focal store.
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Jennifer Earl and Sarah A. Soule
Scholarship on the effects of various kinds of state repression (e.g., counterterrorism, counterinsurgency, protest policing) on subsequent dissent has produced a body of…
Abstract
Scholarship on the effects of various kinds of state repression (e.g., counterterrorism, counterinsurgency, protest policing) on subsequent dissent has produced a body of contradictory findings. In an attempt to better understand the effects of one form of state repression – protest policing – on one form of dissent – public protest – this paper examines the effects of various policing strategies used at protest events on subsequent protest levels in the United States between 1960 and 1990. Theoretically, we argue the effects of repression cannot be broadly theorized but instead need to be hypothesized at the level of particular police strategies and actions. We theorize and empirically examine the impacts of five police strategies, while also improving on prior analyses by producing a comprehensive model that examines lagged and nonlinear effects and examines the effects across the entire social movement sector, as well as across two specific movement industries. Results (1) confirm that not all police strategies have the same effects; (2) show that policing strategies tend to have predominately linear effects; (3) show that police actions have their strongest effects in the very short term, with few effects detectable after a few weeks; and (4) point to interesting differences in the effects of policing strategies on subsequent protest across different social movements.
Guangkuan Deng, Jianyu Zhang and Ying Xu
Considering the emergence of e-commerce platforms and their integration into marketing channels, this paper aims to investigate how artificial intelligence (AI) resources – both…
Abstract
Purpose
Considering the emergence of e-commerce platforms and their integration into marketing channels, this paper aims to investigate how artificial intelligence (AI) resources – both technological and human – possessed by e-commerce platforms can enhance their channel power by acquiring market-based assets (relational and intellectual).
Design/methodology/approach
Based on resource-based theory and resource orchestration theory, the authors developed a framework tested using survey data gathered from the sellers, which incorporated six key variables: the e-commerce platform’s AI technology resources and human resources, rational and intellectual market-based assets, intraplatform competition and channel power. The analyses are performed using the regression analysis technique.
Findings
The empirical findings indicate that both technological and human AI resources are crucial in building channel power. In addition, market-based assets serve as a mediator in this relationship, while intraplatform competition moderates the effect of intellectual market-based assets on channel power negatively.
Originality/value
This study contributes to the existing literature by exploring how e-commerce platforms’ AI resources affect their channel power. The results offer valuable guidance to managers and researchers on optimizing AI resources to improve channel power.
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Richard A. Cosier, Charles R. Schwenk and Dan R. Dalton
Although there has been a good deal of prior research on differences between Asian (i.e., Japan, Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan, South Korea) and American business practices, few…
Abstract
Although there has been a good deal of prior research on differences between Asian (i.e., Japan, Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan, South Korea) and American business practices, few studies have dealt with comparisons of approaches to decision making in the various cultures. This paper addresses how levels of openness, conflicting advice, centralized control, and disagreement across different countries may affect decision making. It may be that the “common wisdom” which suggests Japanese decision making exclusively involves cooperation ignores the existence of conflict in Japanese decisions. In fact, Japanese decision makers may be more open, resolve conflict prior to reaching consensus, and exert less centralized control than decision makers in the U.S. and Hong Kong. This could help explain their abilities to make effective business decisions in Japan.
Swapnil Saravade and Reto Felix
This paper aims to provide a conceptual understanding of the drivers and outcomes of actor opportunism in the context of the three key actors of the sharing economy – the service…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to provide a conceptual understanding of the drivers and outcomes of actor opportunism in the context of the three key actors of the sharing economy – the service provider, the platform and the consumer.
Design/methodology/approach
The research uses a conceptual approach by drawing on literature from within and outside of marketing.
Findings
The current research introduces a conceptual framework of opportunism in the sharing economy with seven underlying propositions. The framework posits a U-shaped moderating effect of social capital for the relationship between opportunism and its drivers, actor vulnerability and asset specificity. Furthermore, a 2 × 2 matrix consisting of two types of opportunistic behaviors (active and passive) and two coping strategies by other actors (defensive and nondefensive) suggests that passive opportunism tends to lead to value codestruction independently of the coping strategies employed by other actors. Counterintuitively, the combination of active opportunism and defensive coping strategy presents an opportunity for value cocreation due to its potential to break up older structures and generate new ones.
Research limitations/implications
While our research provides a higher-level understanding of opportunism pertaining to platform, consumers and service providers in the sharing economy, future research could situate our framework within specific regulatory environments, incorporate the role of competitors and examine individual interaction effects between type of opportunism and coping strategies.
Practical implications
The framework enables service providers, platforms and consumers to identify drivers of opportunistic behaviors of their partners and discern instances in which opportunistic behaviors lead to value codestruction for all actors.
Originality/value
This research transcends prior work on the bright and dark sides of the sharing economy by identifying its dynamic nature and examining the contributing role of opportunism.
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Liming Lin, Zhaoyang Guo and Chenxi Zhou
Despite service downgrades' undisputed practical relevance, service downgrades (e.g. customers shifting the price tier downward) have received surprisingly little attention from…
Abstract
Purpose
Despite service downgrades' undisputed practical relevance, service downgrades (e.g. customers shifting the price tier downward) have received surprisingly little attention from scholars. Previous studies have focussed on either the public policy issue of tiered pricing or optimal pricing by the service provider. Only a few studies have examined why customers shift across different price tiers and how such activities indicate their future behaviour.
Design/methodology/approach
Based on customer data collected from a major telecommunications company, the authors use a logistic regression model to investigate how two service modification levers (i.e. transaction- and relationship-level factors) influence the likelihood of service downgrade. The authors apply a survival model to study how service downgrades affect customer churn.
Findings
Transaction-level factors such as service usage (e.g. the frequency and recency of underuse experiences) are positively associated with the likelihood of a downgrade. However, relationship-level factors (e.g. relationship duration and customer status) are negatively associated with the likelihood of downgrades. Customers engaging in downgrades are more likely to churn in the future.
Originality/value
The authors focus on downgrade behaviour, which can be perceived as customers' choice to move down the price tier, which likely ruins the service provider's performance. The authors conceptualise two fundamental driving forces behind a service downgrade: the misfits between the actual usage and the service plan chosen and the deteriorating relationships. The authors' empirical findings on the factors influencing downgrades provide insights for service providers seeking to prevent such behaviour.
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Pedro Brandão Dalla Valle, Celso Augusto de Matos and Marcia Maurer Herter
This study aims to examine providers’ intentions to engage with sharing platforms, focusing specifically on how perceptions of risk and value influence the intention to…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to examine providers’ intentions to engage with sharing platforms, focusing specifically on how perceptions of risk and value influence the intention to participate, considering the moderation effect of regulatory focus.
Design/methodology/approach
Two laboratory experimental studies were conducted. Study 1 examined the relationship between risk and value perception on the intention to provide. Study 2 replicated and extended the results by testing regulatory focus as a moderator.
Findings
The findings confirmed that risk perception negatively impacted the intention to provide, while value perception mediated a positive effect on the intention to provide. In addition, promotion versus prevention focus was supported as a significant moderator; providers with a prevention focus (vs promotion) presented reduced intentions to supply on sharing platforms because of their concerns about negative consequences.
Practical implications
Sharing platforms actively communicate safety measures on social networks to reduce users’ perceived risks. This study demonstrates that providers with a preventive focus are less inclined to engage in sharing platforms because they avoid risks. Therefore, platforms should not only communicate the rewards of sharing and mechanisms that reduce the perceived risk but also segment potential providers based on their regulatory focus profiles to effectively attract more providers to their platforms.
Originality/value
This study analyzes the sharing behavior in peer-to-peer platforms by focusing on the provider side, whereas most previous studies address the user (customer) side. In addition, the adoption of the experimental design allows for a better understanding of the influence of risk and value perceptions on the intention to provide, considering the moderation effect of regulatory focus.
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This study aims to investigate the United Arab Emirates (UAE) society's attitudes towards women managers held by a sample of 186 participants.
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to investigate the United Arab Emirates (UAE) society's attitudes towards women managers held by a sample of 186 participants.
Design/methodology/approach
The subjects completed the newly developed multidimensional aversion to women who work scale (MAWWWS). The study validates the scale in an Arab non‐Western context.
Findings
The results reveal that UAE students have significantly different attitudes towards women managers from those of the older generations. There are significant differences between males' and females' perceptions of women's roles and participation in society. The study predicts that modernity may diminish patriarchal attitudes towards women managers in the Arab world.
Originality/value
This study has provided some insights into the factors associated with attitudes towards women managers in the UAE. This research contributes to the literature on cross‐cultural studies by systematically assessing the attitudes towards women managers in the UAE.
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U.S.S.R. Effect of pH value on iron corrosion. The solubility of iron in media of sufficiently high acidity proceeds mainly through hydrogen depolarisation and without formation…
Abstract
U.S.S.R. Effect of pH value on iron corrosion. The solubility of iron in media of sufficiently high acidity proceeds mainly through hydrogen depolarisation and without formation of compounds soluble only with difficulty; and the role of pH should be determined chiefly through its effect on hydrogen separation. In work on the nature of the pH effect on corrosion of iron in the presence of inhibitors, tests were made with both pure hydrochloric acid (HCl) and also in the presence of additives: anthranilic acid and tetrabutyl‐ammonium sulphate (TAS). The corrosion rate was determined as usual by loss in weight and expressed in units of current density (amp./sq. cm.). Preliminary tests showed that only in weak solutions (pH 0.61 and 1.06) containing TAS was any divergence noticeable—in connection with the increased role of oxygen depolarisation — between results of quantitative and volumetric methods. Therefore in the present case the corrosion rate is calculated from the volume of separated hydrogen. The pH value was measured with a glass electrode and amplifier, and controlled both before and after test. The tests were made in an aero‐thermostat at 20° ±0.5° and each lasted 24 hr.