Search results

Transient torque calculations of the parallel flux switching machines, both cogging and electromagnetic, require a long simulation time for transient analyses. This paper seeks to present an optimization method for the accurate but time consuming transient models.

A superposition principle is used to optimize the simulation time of the machine model. Finite element method (FEM) is chosen as the example machine model, since it is widely used among researchers for its accuracy. The machine geometry is simplified by reducing the number of rotor teeth, because these parts are re‐meshed with each transient step. Torque results are compared to the full machine model to find the best representation.

Among compared simplified machine geometries, the two teeth model gives the most accurate results.

The superposition method requires a modelling method such as FEM. The method offers a geometrical simplification of the machine, not a complete model.

Parallel flux switching machines should be considered as promising candidates for hybrid and electrical truck applications due to their high power density. For these kind of applications, a fast torque estimation tool helps greatly in investigating noise related mechanical problems, which have a direct effect in passenger comfort.

Whereas researchers in this area mainly focus on accurate but time‐consuming modeling of this nonlinear machine, this research shows an optimization of these methods to speed‐up them. The proposed optimization method can be integrated with any analytical or numerical machine model.

Based on a legitimacy perspective, this study aims to investigate when local sourcing, as a strategic legitimacy action, improves or impairs subsidiary performance. The authors investigate the moderating role of regulatory/normative institutional distance in the relationship between local sourcing and subsidiary performance. Particularly, departing from prior relevant research, the authors reflect on the direction of institutional distance, categorizing it as either upward or downward institutional distance.

Using Japanese governmental data, this study performs a panel data analysis using a sample of 1,054 Japanese subsidiaries operating in 37 host countries over a 5-year observation period.

The authors reveal that downward regulatory/normative institutional distance more positively moderates the relationship between local sourcing and subsidiary performance than upward regulatory/normative distance.

There is little research that specifically discusses the performance effects of local sourcing while considering legitimacy concerns. Moreover, the results of analyses of the relationship between local sourcing and subsidiary performance in existing studies are inconsistent, suggesting that it is necessary to identify the boundary conditions under which local sourcing improves or impairs subsidiary performance. To fill these gaps, this study clarifies when local sourcing improves or impairs subsidiary performance based on a legitimacy perspective. The authors’ finding makes a clear contribution to the literature on strategic legitimacy actions and input localization in multinational corporations.

Users frequently target rival brands through direct criticism or indirect customer insults, yet the impact of such attacks on brand advocacy remains unexplored. The purpose of this study is to classify online attacks into brand-targeted attacks and consumer-targeted attacks and further investigate their differential impacts on brand advocacy and the underlying mechanism and a boundary condition of those impacts.

Three experimental studies using different types of brands (electronics, universities and sports footwear) are conducted to examine the effects of brand-related attack targets on brand advocacy.

This research shows that consumer-targeted attacks trigger higher brand advocacy through increasing perceived identity threat than brand-targeted attacks. Moreover, the effect of consumer-targeted attacks (versus brand-targeted attacks) on brand advocacy is mediated by perceived identity threat and mitigated when consumers’ identification with the attacked brand is strong.

The study’s findings yield practical applications for marketers and brand managers, assisting them in understanding consumers’ reactions to brand attacks. This study serves as a reference for firms to consider leveraging the association between brand identification and brand-related attack targets and uniting with loyal brand fans to manage online brand conflicts.

The present study extends prior literature on customer-brand relationships in the context of online attacks. Through investigating the impacts of brand-targeted and consumer-targeted attacks on brand advocacy, this research offers theoretical insights into consumers’ responses to online attacks with different targets.

Oppositional loyalty toward rival brands is prevalent. Although its antecedents have increasingly received scholarly attention, the literature is rather disparate. Based on identity theory, this study aims to propose that oppositional loyalty is a brand identity-driven outcome and provides a unified framework for understanding the formation and activation of brand identity in influencing oppositional loyalty.

Structural equation modeling was used to test the theoretical framework based on an online survey of 329 brand community members. Multigroup analysis was used to test the moderating effect of inter-consumer brand rivalry and brand community engagement.

The results show that self-brand similarity, brand prestige and brand uniqueness lead to consumers’ brand identity (i.e. consumer-brand identification), which, in turn, facilitates oppositional loyalty. Furthermore, the results indicate that inter-consumer brand rivalry and brand community engagement are identity-salient situations that strengthen the relationship between consumer-brand identification and oppositional loyalty.

Identity has great power in shaping consumer behaviors. Fostering consumer-brand identification is critical for firms to prevent consumers from switching to competing brands. Inter-consumer brand rivalry and brand community engagement can help firms consolidate their customer base by evoking consumers’ brand identity.

This investigation makes theoretical contributions by providing a unified theoretical framework to model the development of oppositional loyalty based on identity theory.

Rapid development of IT and communication technologies resulted in the “Smart” concept, which of late has become quite popular. The smart concept signifies the integration of organizational networks and smart features that enrich the ecosystem, facilitate daily activities for all stakeholders, and for automatization. Smart concept was discussed as a complicated technological infrastructure in urban areas intended to promote economic, social and environmental welfare. The latest technological developments gave rise to the concepts of smart planet, smart city and smart destination that have become important in recent years. Technological innovations have had a big influence on the development of the tourism industry. Smart concept is conceptualized as smart tourism for tourism sector. Smart Tourism generally has a positive effect on the rapid change of information and technology and on the tourism sector, tourism activities and increase in customer satisfaction. In this chapter, the concept of Smart and its smart technologies are explained and information about its reflections on the tourism sector and smart tourism destinations are discussed.

There has been a massive, revolutionary change over the past two decades in the travel and tourism industry. Mobile technology offers privileges to consumers in order to identify, customize and purchase tourism products and support the globalization of the industry by providing tools for developing, managing and distributing beneficiaries worldwide. These diligent advancements in mobile technology have made it extremely easy for everyone to know instantly as much about the world as they want. The use of smartphones, tablets and mobile devices has empowered global tourists with more flexibility, options and freedom to explore places than ever before. For that reason, mobile technology is a perfect fit for travel and tourism that plays an important role in massive cultural shift of consumer behaviour. All over the world, businesses are struggling to adapt to that incredible spread and impact of mobile technology and in the future, the technology will go on developing and adapting, as well. As mobile technology has been evolving rapidly and spreading across multiple tourism sectors, it is pivotal to take into account its role in creating innovative experiences for consumers and fostering a sustainable competitive advantage for suppliers in the tourism industry. Though mobile evolution has contributed to enhancing the travel factor at large, not much is known about how it has affected the tourism development. Finding this information is crucial for a deeper understanding of how consumers are using tourism-related mobile technology before, during and after their trip. It could provide meaningful perceptions to meet their expectations and to enhance their travel experiences. Therefore, this chapter aims to identify the potential of mobile technology in several businesses in the tourism sector providing guidance to understanding its role to enhance value creation in the future.

This study investigates the mechanism of defensive word-of-mouth (WOM), which refers to consumers responding to unfair negative online reviews of a brand with which they identify.

Study 1 employs an experimental design that manipulates brand identification and the perceived fairness of negative WOM, using a gift card choice scenario to measure decision-making behavior. Study 2 involves a real event with Google reviews and follows a quasi-experimental design, manipulating identification with the university and using Google Maps star ratings to measure brand attitude.

Consumers with high brand identification are more likely to defend the brand when confronted with unfair negative WOM. However, they do not always exhibit defensive WOM in fair cases. Furthermore, the results show that the defensive WOM can strengthen consumers’ brand attitude and supportive behavior.

Encouraging defensive WOM by mobilizing brand advocates and highlighting the unfairness of negative WOM could be a practical strategy to defend the brand and minimize the risk of online firestorms. Notably, defensive WOM itself strengthens the relationship between consumers and the brand.

This study proposes a mechanism for the defensive WOM phenomenon and demonstrates that the rebound effect in brand attitude caused by negative WOM comes from consumers’ willingness to express defensive WOM. We draw on self-affirmation theory to address the gap in theoretical explanations for defensive WOM. This contributes to the literature on self-identity and WOM research by showing that consumers defend their identities through WOM communication.

Our study delves into the association between greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the quality of financial reporting. Our investigation focuses on understanding how firms’ GHG emissions would impact discretionary accruals and real earnings management. We also test the moderating role of a large board size, and CEO as a board member. Finally, we conduct various robustness checks to ensure the robustness and validity of our findings.

We conducted a study on 476 European companies across 17 countries and various industries between 2005 and 2018. We use panel data estimations, and multiple methods to account for emissions and address endogeneity issues in our tests.

Our findings indicate that greenhouse gas emissions increase earnings management, as measured through discretionary accruals and real earnings management. This leads to lower quality financial reporting. We also find that a larger board size moderates the relationship between GHG emissions and financial reporting, resulting in greater financial transparency.

Our findings provide evidence that firms’ GHG emissions, despite stricter emission regulations in the European Union (EU), would be positively associated with real earnings management. This finding calls for more research in different regions to understand if this is a global trend.

Our results have important implications for financial reporting, corporate governance, and climate change mitigation. For example, high GHG emissions not only indicate polluting firms but might also serve as a signal for identifying firms engaged in earnings management.

Although previous research has examined the relationship between greenhouse gas emissions and the financial performance of firms, to the best of our knowledge, no prior study has investigated whether firms’ GHG tends to manipulate their financial reporting. We also contribute to the literature regarding the determinants of the quality of financial reporting through earnings management literature. Lastly, we provide novel evidence from the EU area, where strict EU climate policy should have affected financial reporting.

This paper aims to reviewed analytical methodologies, i.e. lumped parameter magnetic equivalent circuit (LPMEC), magnetic co-energy (MCE), Laplace equations (LE), Maxwell stress tensor (MST) method and sub-domain modelling for design of segmented PM(SPM) consequent pole flux switching machine (SPMCPFSM). Electric machines, especially flux switching machines (FSMs), are accurately modeled using numerical-based finite element analysis (FEA) tools; however, despite of expensive hardware setup, repeated iterative process, complex stator design and permanent magnet (PM) non-linear behavior increases computational time and complexity.

This paper reviews various alternate analytical methodologies for electromagnetic performance calculation. In above-mentioned analytical methodologies, no-load phase flux linkage is performed using LPMEC, magnetic co-energy for cogging torque, LE for magnetic flux density (MFD) components, i.e. radial and tangential and MST for instantaneous torque. Sub-domain model solves electromagnetic performance, i.e. MFD and torque behaviour.

The reviewed analytical methodologies are validated with globally accepted FEA using JMAG Commercial FEA Package v. 18.1 which shows good agreement with accuracy. In comparison of analytical methodologies, analysis reveals that sub-domain model not only get rid of multiples techniques for validation purpose but also provide better results by accounting influence of all machine parts which helps to reduce computational complexity, computational time and drive storage with overall accuracy of ∼99%. Furthermore, authors are confident to recommend sub-domain model for initial design stage of SPMCPFSM when higher accuracy and low computational cost are primal requirements.

The model is developed for high-speed brushless AC applications.

The SPMCPFSM enhances electromagnetic performance owing to segmented PMs configuration which makes it different than conventional designs. Moreover, developed analytical methodologies for SPMCPFSM reduce computational time compared with that of FEA.