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Article
Publication date: 4 July 2016

A. Shams Nateri, E. Dehnavi, A. Hajipour and E. Ekrami

The aim of the paper was to study the effects of mordanting methods on the absorption behaviour of cochineal natural dye on polyamide fibres.

319

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of the paper was to study the effects of mordanting methods on the absorption behaviour of cochineal natural dye on polyamide fibres.

Design/methodology/approach

Iron sulphate and aluminium potassium sulphate salts were used as mordanting agents, and bottom mordanting, meta-mordanting and after mordanting methods were applied in the dyeing of polyamide samples with the cochineal natural dye. Colourimetric evaluations were carried out, and the principal component analysis was used to investigate the spectrophotometric properties of the dyed samples. Fastness properties of the dyed samples were also assessed.

Findings

The obtained results indicate that the method of mordanting has a great effect on the obtained shades, absorption behaviour and fastness properties. Based on the results, it was concluded that polyamide fabrics could be successfully dyed with cochineal and combination of dyeing with different mordanting methods, and different mordanting agents would develop the range of obtainable shades.

Originality/value

The textile and apparel industries have been widely criticised for their role in polluting the environment. So, the use of synthetic dyes has been limited and the use of natural dyes has increased. The literature survey indicates that there have been relatively few works investigating the dyeing of polyamide with cochineal natural dye. This research studies the effects of mordanting methods and mordant types on colourimetric and fastness properties of cochineal-dyed polyamide samples.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 45 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

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Article
Publication date: 4 January 2016

E. Dehnavi, A. Shams-Nateri and H. Khalili

This paper aims to focus on the absorption behaviour of single and binary mixtures of natural dyes on wool. Natural dyes are multi-components with different structures and…

389

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to focus on the absorption behaviour of single and binary mixtures of natural dyes on wool. Natural dyes are multi-components with different structures and properties.

Design/methodology/approach

In this research, the absorption behaviour of single and binary mixtures of natural dyes was investigated on wool fibre. Study was conducted via some natural dyes, including pomegranate peel as a yellow natural dye with tannin, weld as a yellow natural dye without tannin and madder as a red natural dye without tannin. Applied mordant was alum, which was used in the pre-mordant method. Different shades were obtained by varying dye concentration in the binary mixture. The effect of tannin on absorption behaviour of binary mixture of natural dyes was investigated by spectral reflectance and colour parameters of dyed samples measurements.

Findings

Obtained results indicate that tannin affects the absorption behaviour of natural dyes in binary mixtures.

Practical implications

Because natural dyes are multi-components with different structure and properties, the study of compatibility and absorption behaviour of natural dyes in binary mixture on wool is important in applied researches.

Originality/value

The study of compatibility and absorption behaviour of binary mixture of natural dyes on wool is novel.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 45 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

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Article
Publication date: 9 January 2009

A.S. Nateri and E. Ekrami

Application of ratio spectra derivative spectrophotometery to quantitative analyses of bicomponent dye mixtures.

1632

Abstract

Purpose

Application of ratio spectra derivative spectrophotometery to quantitative analyses of bicomponent dye mixtures.

Design/methodology/approach

The binary mixtures of five textile dyes including yellow, scarlet, red, blue, and navy blue colors were analysed by ratio spectra derivative spectrophotometry. The absorption spectra of the binary mixtures, prepared in different ratios, were recorded between 400 and 700 nm. The obtained spectra were divided by a standard spectrum of each component of the binary mixtures, and then the derivative spectra were calculated. The amounts of dyes were determined by the measurements in the appropriate wavelengths in the range of 400‐700 nm.

Findings

The analysis of obtained results via the proposed derivative and normal methods show higher accuracy of the developed method in determination of dye contents. The proposed derivative technique was found to be easily applicable for the quantitative analysis of dyes with both overlapping and non‐overlapping spectra in their binary mixtures.

Practical implications

The developed method can be a simple and practical solution to the quantitative analysis of bicomponent dye solutions with overlapping spectra.

Originality/value

Ratio spectra derivative spectrophotometery is introduced as a new approach for achieving the higher accuracy of determination of dye concentration in bicomponent dye solutions. The developed strategy could be applied in color industries where fine resolution of bicomponent dye mixtures is needed.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 38 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

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Article
Publication date: 25 August 2021

Ali Shams Nateri and Ehsan Dehnavi

This work aims to study the effect of mordanting method as pre-mordanting (on-chrome), meta-mordanting (meta-chrome) and post-mordanting (after-chrome) on wool dyeing with madder…

243

Abstract

Purpose

This work aims to study the effect of mordanting method as pre-mordanting (on-chrome), meta-mordanting (meta-chrome) and post-mordanting (after-chrome) on wool dyeing with madder natural dye without tannin and pomegranates peel, as a natural dye contains tannin.

Design/methodology/approach

The woolen yarn was dyed with madder and pomegranate peel natural dyes by three methods as pre-mordant, meta-mordant and pos-mordant. The color parameters and reflectance spectra of dyed samples were analyzed by using derivative spectroscopy and the principal component analysis (PCA) techniques.

Findings

The obtained results indicate that the color difference between the samples dyed with madder by pre-mordanting, and the samples dyed by other methods is more than the color difference between the samples dyed by meta-mordanting and post-mordanting. However, the color difference between samples dyed with pomegranate peel by pre-mordanting and meta-mordanting methods is less compared to other pairs. Also, analysis of reflectance spectra and color depth (K/S) values indicate that the color depth of dyed sample with madder by pre-mordanting method is more than other dyeing methods. But, the color depth of sample dyed with pomegranate peel by post-mordanting method is less compared to other methods. The analysis of first-, second-, third- and fourth-order derivatives of reflectance spectra and the study of the first, second, third and fourth PCs of reflectance spectra indicate that the reflectance of dyed samples with madder and pomegranates peel depends on the mordanting method.

Originality/value

Evaluation of the effect of mordanting method on color and reflectance of wool dyed with madder and pomegranates peel natural dyes using derivative spectroscopy and the PCA techniques

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 51 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

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Article
Publication date: 4 September 2017

A. Shams-Nateri, E. Dehnavi and E. Zahedi

This work aims to explain the effect of common salt on absorbance spectra and solubility of textile direct dyes, which is important in analysing and reusing wastewater of dyeing…

106

Abstract

Purpose

This work aims to explain the effect of common salt on absorbance spectra and solubility of textile direct dyes, which is important in analysing and reusing wastewater of dyeing process.

Design/methodology/approach

Several textile dyes such as Direct red 243, Direct yellow 86 and Direct blue 201 solutions with and without NaCl salt were used to study the effect of common salt on solubility of textile direct dyes. Several methods such as derivative spectrophotometry, principal component analysis and colorimetric techniques were used to analyse the absorbance spectra of dye solution.

Findings

The obtained results indicate that the effect of common salt on absorbance spectra and solubility of textile direct dye depends on the chemical structure of dyes. The NaCl salt significantly affects the solubility of Direct red 243 (red dye) and Direct yellow 86 (yellow dye) which have Azo compounds containing four SO3 functional groups. But the NaCl salt does not change the solubility of Direct blue 201 (Blue dye) which has Azo compound containing two SO3 functional groups. Also, the NaCl salt decreases the accuracy of dye concentration prediction.

Practical implications

During reusing wastewater of dyeing process, the amount of dyes has been evaluated via absorbance spectra of dye solution.

Originality/value

This work explains the effect of common salt on solubility of textile direct dyes and the accuracy of dyes concentration prediction.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 46 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

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Article
Publication date: 29 May 2019

Leyla Yıldırım and Özlenen Erdem Ìşmal

The purpose of this paper is to show the dyeing effect of banana peel on polyamide fabric by using various mordants and to reveal alternatives to metallic mordants.

361

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to show the dyeing effect of banana peel on polyamide fabric by using various mordants and to reveal alternatives to metallic mordants.

Design/methodology/approach

The simultaneous mordanting method was used in the dyeing process.

Findings

From environmental and economical points of view, this paper studies the use of a natural waste product in textile dyeing. Assessment of domestic organic wastes will provide new possibilities for valorization of biomaterials. It is concluded that colorimetric data are affected by the amount of plant used in extraction, amount and type of mordant and pH of dye bath. Tin II chloride ensured the lightest color shades. No alternative mordants could be presented to iron II sulfate and tin II chloride, as they generated completely different color shades. Acids can be an alternative to 0.8 g/L alum mordant. Ammonium sulfate and sodium acetate also generated similar colors to alum. Ammonium sulfate can be substituted for citric acid and alum. Banana peel can be considered as a natural dye source for polyamide elastane blend fabric.

Originality/value

Banana peel can be suggested as a natural colorant with good wash fastness for dyeing of polyamide elastane blend fabric.

Details

Research Journal of Textile and Apparel, vol. 23 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1560-6074

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Article
Publication date: 2 November 2015

Aiqin Gao, Hongjuan Zhang and Kongliang Xie

– The purpose of this paper is to synthesise a tetrakisazo reactive dye and to characterise its dyeing property to meet the demand for better black reactive dyes.

132

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to synthesise a tetrakisazo reactive dye and to characterise its dyeing property to meet the demand for better black reactive dyes.

Design/methodology/approach

The novel tetrakisazo navy-blue reactive dye based on 4,4′-diaminostilbene-2,2′-disulphonic acid was designed and synthesized. The dyeing behaviour of it on cotton fabric was discussed. The synergistic blackening effect and absorbance spectra were investigated by absorbance and reflectance spectra, K/S and colorimetric data.

Findings

The exhaustion and fixation of the designed reactive dye were higher than 20 per cent than those of the commercial reactive dye, CI Reactive Black 5. The novel reactive dye has complementary with Reactive Red SPB and Reactive Yellow C-5R in absorbance spectra from 360 to 700 nm. Three reactive dyes had synergistic effect in colour deepening properties. The dyed cotton fabric possessed high K/S value and low reflectance in the whole visual spectrum range from 360 to 700 nm.

Practical implications

Comparison with the commercial Reactive Black DN-RN, the blackness of the dyed fabrics with the mixture dyes was greatly improved and the fastness properties on cotton fabrics were also good.

Originality/value

The paper is an original research work. Because the mixture dyes had better blackness and good fastness properties, it would have wide application in the dyeing of cotton fabric.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 44 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

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Article
Publication date: 10 June 2022

Hooman Imani, Kamaladin Gharanjig and Zahra Ahmadi

The purpose of this study is simultaneous dyeing and mordanting of wool yarns with extracted cochineal dye and aluminum sulfate to the reduction of consuming energy, water and…

88

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is simultaneous dyeing and mordanting of wool yarns with extracted cochineal dye and aluminum sulfate to the reduction of consuming energy, water and time.

Design/methodology/approach

The dyeing process was optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM) approach. pH, dyeing duration and the presence of additives were chosen as variables and the color strength of samples as a response. The color characteristics and fastness attributes of samples dyed in the best condition were evaluated and compared to pre-mordant dyeing outcomes on wool yarns.

Findings

The best conditions for deep dyeing wool with cochineal dye were as follows: pH 2.5, time 110 min and the ratio of aluminum: additives 1:0 at 100 °C. Color strength of dyed wool yarns by one-bath and pre-mordant dyeing methods were approximately the same. Wool yarns can dye to the on-bath dyeing method such that the dyed samples have similar color strength and fastness properties to pre-mordant dyeing.

Social implications

Wool dyeing processes that use one-bath dyeing consume less water and produce fewer effluents. As a result, this strategy conserves water and energy for a higher quality of life. The findings of this study, in general, aid environmental protection.

Originality/value

A novel one-bath process for dyeing wool with cochineal dye at heavy depths is introduced. RSM was used to optimize the procedure and determine effective parameters on the color strength of dyed wools. Using extracted cochineal dye and aluminum sulfate in a simultaneous dyeing technique, good color fastness qualities on wool fibers were achieved.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 52 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

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Article
Publication date: 10 April 2017

Ekramy Said Mokhtar

This study aims to examine the association between firm size, profitability, leverage, auditor type and internet reporting and investigate the moderating effect of legal system…

1997

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to examine the association between firm size, profitability, leverage, auditor type and internet reporting and investigate the moderating effect of legal system, investor protection, masculinity, economic development, construction of disclosure index and measurement proxies of independent variables.

Design/methodology/approach

This study conducts a meta-analytic review for 59 research papers to synthesise quantitatively the results of previous literature on the determinants of internet reporting. This study uses Hunter and Schmidt’s (2004) procedures to conduct the analysis. There are three main procedures to be followed: calculating the weighted effect size, calculating observed correlation variance and sampling error variance and, finally, testing for homogeneity and moderating effects.

Findings

The results indicate a significant positive association between firm size, profitability, leverage, auditor type and internet reporting. The results confirm the prediction of agency theory, signalling theory, political cost hypothesis and diffusion of innovation theory. Moreover, the results show that investor protection, masculinity, economic development, construction of disclosure index and measurement proxies for independent variables moderate the association between profitability, leverage and internet reporting.

Research limitations/implications

This study suffers from some limitations. First, corporate governance variables such as board size, role duality and board independence were not included in the analysis due to the limited number of studies that discuss the association between corporate governance and internet reporting. Second, the study does not control for the endogeneity problem.

Practical implications

Future research has to consider the moderating effect of investor protection, masculinity, economic development, construction of disclosure index and measurement proxies for independent variables on the association between corporate characteristics and internet reporting. Future research can extend this work by examining the association between corporate governance, ownership structure and internet reporting. The findings regarding the determinants of internet reporting should be on concern of regulatory authorities.

Originality/value

This study contributes to and extends previous meta-analysis literature by examining internet reporting determinants, as previous financial reporting meta-analysis studies give no attention to internet reporting.

Details

Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, vol. 15 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1985-2517

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Article
Publication date: 22 October 2018

Monthon Nakpathom, Buppha Somboon, Nootsara Narumol and Rattanaphol Mongkholrattanasit

The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of dyeing polyester (PET) fabric with natural dye extracted from annatto seeds using high temperature dyeing method.

357

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of dyeing polyester (PET) fabric with natural dye extracted from annatto seeds using high temperature dyeing method.

Design/methodology/approach

PET fabric was dyed with annatto extract by varying dyeing parameters (temperature, time, pH and dye concentration) to determine the optimum dyeing conditions. The influences of KAl(SO4)2, FeSO4, gallnut mordants or a commercial UV absorber on colour yield and fastness properties were further studied.

Findings

Optimum results were obtained when the fabric was dyed at 130°C for 30 min in a dyebath containing 15 per cent (owf) annatto dye at pH 6. The dyed fabric had an orange shade and exhibited good to excellent wash, crock, perspiration fastness and fair light fastness. Further dyeing with mordants or UV absorber mostly resulted in lower colour yield and similar fastness properties.

Research limitations/implications

Although the light fastness was slightly improved to moderate level for the sample with UV absorber, a noticeable colour staining on cotton portion of multi-fibre fabric occurred when subjected to standard washing test. Compared to C.I. Disperse Orange 73, the annatto dye exhibited comparable colour fastness but had inferior light fastness when dyed at approximately the same colour strength.

Originality/value

Natural colourants from annatto seeds can be used to dye PET fabric at high temperature without mordants, yielding deep orange shade and satisfactory fastness properties. This study provides a promising application to reduce the environmental impact of synthetic dyes.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 48 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

Keywords

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