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Article
Publication date: 1 April 2003

Daniel T. Rooney, N. Todd Castello, Mike Cibulsky, Doug Abbott and Dongji Xie

The mechanical integrity of solder joint interconnects in PWB assemblies with micro ‐ BGA, chip scale, and LGA packages are being questioned as the size and pitch decrease…

515

Abstract

The mechanical integrity of solder joint interconnects in PWB assemblies with micro ‐ BGA, chip scale, and LGA packages are being questioned as the size and pitch decrease. Three‐point cyclic bend testing provides a useful tool for characterizing the expected mechanical cycling fatigue reliability of PWB assemblies. Cyclic bend testing is useful for characterizing bending issues in electronic assemblies such as repetitive keypad actuation in cell phone products. This paper presents the results of three‐point bend testing of PWB assemblies with fine pitch packages. The methodology of materials analyses of the metallurgy of solder interconnects following mechanical bending and thermal cycle testing is described.

Details

Microelectronics International, vol. 20 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1356-5362

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Book part
Publication date: 1 January 2014

Marc Garcelon

The diversity of social forms both regionally and historically calls for a paradigmatic reassessment of concepts used to map human societies comparatively. By differentiating…

Abstract

Purpose

The diversity of social forms both regionally and historically calls for a paradigmatic reassessment of concepts used to map human societies comparatively. By differentiating “social analytics” from “explanatory narratives,” we can distinguish concept and generic model development from causal analyses of actual empirical phenomena. In so doing, we show how five heuristic models of “modes of social practices” enable such paradigmatic formation in sociology. This reinforces Max Weber’s emphasis on the irreducible historicity of explanations in the social sciences.

Methodology

Explanatory narrative.

Findings

A paradigmatic consolidation of generalizing concepts, modes of social practices, ideal-type concepts, and generic models presents a range of “theoretical tools” capable of facilitating empirical analysis as flexibly as possible, rather than cramping their range with overly narrow conceptual strictures.

Research implications

To render social theory as flexible for practical field research as possible.

Originality/value

Develops a way of synthesizing diverse theoretical and methodological approaches in a highly pragmatic fashion.

Details

Social Theories of History and Histories of Social Theory
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78350-219-6

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Article
Publication date: 1 April 1986

Doug Counsell

Retirement is a relatively new phenomenon. An increasing number of employees are being encouraged to retire early due to social and economic factors. The findings of a survey of…

416

Abstract

Retirement is a relatively new phenomenon. An increasing number of employees are being encouraged to retire early due to social and economic factors. The findings of a survey of 52 organisations (17 public sector, 35 private sector) with either head office or divisional bases in the northwest of England are discussed. It seems that the number of organisations offering preparation for retirement (pfr) is increasing. It is most commonly offered in larger organisations. Pfr should consider psychological and philosophical matters as well as mundane issues. There is a need to improve techniques and methods currently employed in the evaluation of pfr.

Details

Employee Relations, vol. 8 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0142-5455

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Book part
Publication date: 29 August 2018

Matt Bolton and Frederick Harry Pitts

Abstract

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Corbynism: A Critical Approach
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78754-372-0

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Book part
Publication date: 26 July 2016

Norbert Wiley

This chapter shows that Mead has a field theory and that the explanatory method of symbolic interaction is that of a field. A field, in this sense, is a systematic network of…

Abstract

This chapter shows that Mead has a field theory and that the explanatory method of symbolic interaction is that of a field. A field, in this sense, is a systematic network of meanings. When someone or something enters that field such as a protest rally or a cocktail party they are given the meaning that is characteristic of the field. This explanation is not one of causation but one of context. I show that a major field theory of Mead’s concerns the agent and how decisions or actions are made. He also has a developmental field theory based on the play-game-generalized other relation. With Mead’s agency model I then show how it can be applied, in macro fashion, to the recent rise in American minorities, especially that of women, African Americans, and gays. This example shows the macro or social structural power of Mead’s idea.

Details

The Astructural Bias Charge: Myth or Reality?
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78635-036-7

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Article
Publication date: 14 May 2018

Erik Hofmann and Emanuel Rutschmann

Demand forecasting is a challenging task that could benefit from additional relevant data and processes. The purpose of this paper is to examine how big data analytics (BDA…

12535

Abstract

Purpose

Demand forecasting is a challenging task that could benefit from additional relevant data and processes. The purpose of this paper is to examine how big data analytics (BDA) enhances forecasts’ accuracy.

Design/methodology/approach

A conceptual structure based on the design-science paradigm is applied to create categories for BDA. Existing approaches from the scientific literature are synthesized with industry knowledge through experience and intuition. Accordingly, a reference frame is developed using three steps: description of conceptual elements utilizing justificatory knowledge, specification of principles to explain the interplay between elements, and creation of a matching by conducting investigations within the retail industry.

Findings

The developed framework could serve as a guide for meaningful BDA initiatives in the supply chain. The paper illustrates that integration of different data sources in demand forecasting is feasible but requires data scientists to perform the job, an appropriate technological foundation, and technology investments.

Originality/value

So far, no scientific work has analyzed the relation of forecasting methods to BDA; previous works have described technologies, types of analytics, and forecasting methods separately. This paper, in contrast, combines insights and provides advice on how enterprises can employ BDA in their operational, tactical, or strategic demand plans.

Details

The International Journal of Logistics Management, vol. 29 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0957-4093

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Article
Publication date: 26 March 2018

Meng Deng, Yunyi Wang and Peijing Li

The purpose of this paper is to provide the details of developments to research works in the distribution characteristics of the air gaps within firefighters’ clothing and…

591

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide the details of developments to research works in the distribution characteristics of the air gaps within firefighters’ clothing and research methods to evaluate the effect of air gaps on the thermal protective performance of firefighters’ clothing.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, the distribution of air gaps within firefighters’ clothing was first analyzed, and the air gaps characteristics were summarized as thickness, location, heterogeneity, orientation and dynamics. Then, the evaluation of the air gap on the thermal protective performance of fighters’ clothing was reviewed for both experimental and numerical studies.

Findings

The air gaps within clothing layers and between clothing and skin play an important role in determining the thermal protective performance of firefighters’ protective clothing. It is obvious that research works on the effects of actual air gaps entrapped in firefighters’ clothing on thermal protection are comparatively few in number, primarily focusing on static and uniform air gaps at the fabric level. Further studies should be conducted to define the characteristic of air gap, deepen the understand of mechanism of heat transfer and numerically simulate the 3D dynamic heat transfer in clothing to improve the evaluation of thermal protective performance provided by the firefighters’ clothing.

Practical implications

Air gaps within thermal protective clothing play a crucial role in the protective performance of clothing and provide an efficient way to provide fire-fighting occupational safety. To accurately characterize the distribution of air gaps in firefighters’ clothing under high heat exposure, the paper will provide guidelines for clothing engineers to design clothing for fighters and optimize the clothing performance.

Originality/value

This paper is offered as a concise reference for researchers’ further research in the area of the effect of air gaps within firefighters’ clothing under thermal exposure.

Details

International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, vol. 30 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0955-6222

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Available. Content available
Article
Publication date: 1 February 2003

Brian Leavy

2138

Abstract

Details

Strategy & Leadership, vol. 31 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1087-8572

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Article
Publication date: 1 February 1990

Cole Whiteman

The University of Michigan's Information Technology Division, with the help of 21 corporate partners, created a city‐wide multivendor information network to support the EDUCOM'89…

27

Abstract

The University of Michigan's Information Technology Division, with the help of 21 corporate partners, created a city‐wide multivendor information network to support the EDUCOM'89 conference. This article discusses the origins of InfoNet; describes the system as the users experienced it; looks behind the scenes at how it was developed; and summarizes what was learned from creating the system on a tight timeline.

Details

Library Hi Tech, vol. 8 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0737-8831

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Article
Publication date: 11 September 2017

Kristal Curry and Doug Smith

The purpose of this paper is to present results from three years of a longitudinal “Assessment Attitudes and Practices” survey collected from a large school district in the…

693

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present results from three years of a longitudinal “Assessment Attitudes and Practices” survey collected from a large school district in the Southern USA.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper focuses on both formative and summative “assessment practices” results from secondary (middle and high school) social studies teachers.

Findings

There was no statistically significant difference between secondary social studies teachers’ use of assessments and secondary teachers of other disciplines, nor was there a statistically significant difference in assessment use by year. Data results by assessment type were ranked in order of how often teachers claimed to use various assessment practices, and discussed in terms of assessment practices recommended by NCSS. Social studies teachers in this study were often more likely to report use of assessments of knowledge (including selected-response items) than performance-based assessment techniques (such as authentic assessments).

Research limitations/implications

The lack of statistically significant differences in assessment practices along disciplinary lines indicates homogeneity in the use of assessments that does not do justice to social studies.

Practical implications

Using Common Core standards or not, having a 1:1 technological environment or not, teacher respondents essentially reported using the same assessments, perhaps because high-stakes assessments did not change.

Social implications

There is a need for professional development that helps teachers see how performance-based assessments can be used to boost student performance on high-stakes assessments.

Originality/value

Studies of actual assessment practices (as opposed to ideas about how teachers should assess) are still quite rare, and provide a helpful window in understanding what is actually happening inside schools.

Details

Social Studies Research and Practice, vol. 12 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1933-5415

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