The ELHILL 3 system of the National Library of Medicine is one of the world's largest online information retrieval systems, providing access to many different files via MEDLINE…
Abstract
The ELHILL 3 system of the National Library of Medicine is one of the world's largest online information retrieval systems, providing access to many different files via MEDLINE, TOXLINE, CATLINE, SDILINE, CHEMLINE, AVLINE, etc. In order to determine whether cost reductions are possible for systems of online bibliographic retrieval, stochastic models were developed that are capable of projecting the operational and cost performance of different configurations handling the same known workload as ELHILL 3. The existing configuration (multiprocessor system consisting of two tightly‐coupled IBM 370/158s) was first modeled, establishing a baseline for performance comparison. A systems approach was followed in building the model. This involved decomposition of the ELHILL 3 system into quantifiable components, analysis of the components, integration of the components into a network model, and performance measurement via discrete event procedures. The model is a network of processing activities, decision points, queues, and services, and the passage of individual user transactions through the retrieval system is simulated. Alternative configurations are modeled (e.g. distributed processing systems) for ELHILL 3, and tested for cost and performance projections.
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A distinction is made between information retrieval and knowledge transfer, in terms of which the latter activity assumes a much greater degree of conceptual organization. It is…
Abstract
A distinction is made between information retrieval and knowledge transfer, in terms of which the latter activity assumes a much greater degree of conceptual organization. It is argued that the current generation of on‐line information‐retrieval systems must evolve into so‐called ‘second generation’ systems that will support the more demanding requirements for knowledge instead of information. It appears that the man/machine interactive inquiry systems characteristic of today's on‐line activities can form a good basis for knowledge transfer, and an approach is described in which the LEADERMART information system is used as the platform for a knowledge‐transfer system. A model is described for the on‐line management and transfer of problem‐solving knowledge. Several ways in which information flow can be converted to knowledge‐transfer activities are explored, although there appears to be no unique paradigm for this conversion. Instead, knowledge transfer is explicated in terms of enhancements to on‐line retrieval manipulations, featuring an ever increasing emphasis on such direct forms of information transfer as numerical data retrieval and the retrieval of answer‐indicating passages. A new question‐analyzing procedure, QUANSY, is described which functions with another new technique for information regeneration to provide a start toward genuine knowledge transfer.
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All items listed may be borrowed from the Aslib Library, except those marked, which may be consulted in the Library.
All items listed may be borrowed from the Aslib Library, except those marked, which may be consulted in the Library.
All items listed may be borrowed from the Aslib Library, except those marked, which may be consulted in the Library.
All items listed may be borrowed from the Aslib Library, except those marked, which may be consulted in the Library.
All items listed may be borrowed from the Aslib Library, except those marked, which may be consulted in the Library.
All items listed may be borrowed from the Aslib Library, except those marked *, which may be consulted in the Library.
Suzana B. Rodrigues and Marleen Dieleman
The purpose of this chapter is to explore the role of the home country government in the internationalization of multinationals from emerging markets. This is an important topic…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this chapter is to explore the role of the home country government in the internationalization of multinationals from emerging markets. This is an important topic because governments play a greater role in BRIC countries. We build upon the literature on non-market strategy, extending this to emerging market multinationals.
Methodology/approach
We ground our arguments based on a multimethod case study of Vale, a Brazilian mining multinational.
Findings
Our study suggests that the role of home country governments is crucial for internationalization of firms from emerging markets, but also that it changes over time, is complex, and context-specific. We suggest that non-market strategy development is a process of co-evolution that is intricately linked to both external and internal factors.
Practical Implications
These findings are of relevance to emerging markets where governments are less constrained and perhaps more inclined to intervene in the private sector due to a legacy of state-led growth.
Originality/value
We tease out unique links between market shifts, government tactics, and firm strategies. Our study shows the need to shift our attention to home country non-market pressures as an explanatory factor for internationalization trajectories.
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Donald Trump portrayed himself as a crusader against corrupt elites, claiming he would “drain the swamp.” Corporate elites generally depicted themselves as either trying to work…
Abstract
Donald Trump portrayed himself as a crusader against corrupt elites, claiming he would “drain the swamp.” Corporate elites generally depicted themselves as either trying to work with him or as directly opposed to him. Yet a closer analysis of Trump's policies and their outcomes in key issue areas, from taxes to immigration to the environment, shows continuity with previous pro-corporate policies. Furthermore, by positioning Trump as opposed to the elite, Trump and commentators on his presidency created a “radical flank” effect that made status quo, pro-corporate policies appear as progressive victories. This analysis suggests that a focus on the personal characteristics of politicians is misleading, and that the focus of political discourse needs to be on the power structure that shapes policy outcomes.